Preview Extract
CHAPTER 7: Sexual Problems and Solutions
1. According to the text, the work of _______ revolutionized our understanding of sexual
anatomy and sexual responding.
a. Kinsey
b. Masters and Johnson
c. Hite
d. Kaplan
Answer: B
Rationale:
The work of William Masters and Virginia Johnson in the early 1960s revolutionized our
understanding of human sexual anatomy and sexual responding.
2. Today’s treatments of sexual difficulties rely heavily on an interaction of _______ factors.
a. psychological and physical
b. physical and spiritual
c. psychological and spiritual
d. spiritual and cultural
Answer: A
Rationale:
Today’s successful treatments of sexual difficulties rely heavily on an interaction of
psychological and physical factors.
3. Most sexual problems are _______.
a. diagnosed by a physician
b. diagnosed by a therapist
c. self-diagnosed
d. diagnosed by family members
Answer: C
Rationale:
Most sexual problems are self-diagnosed.
4. Lena feels that she is the only person in the world who has a sexual problem. Given the
information discussed in the textbook about sexual problems, what would you tell Lena?
a. Sexual problems are rare.
b. Sexual difficulties are very common.
c. It is important to keep sexual problems a secret.
d. Only women experience sexual problems.
Answer: B
Rationale:
Sexual problems are more common than people think. When people are experiencing a sexual
problem, they often assume that they are the only ones suffering from that particular
difficulty.
5. Which of the following sexual problems occurs in females?
a. vaginismus
b. erectile problems
c. delayed ejaculation
d. rapid ejaculation
Answer: A
Rationale:
Vaginismus is painful, involuntary spasms of the musculature of the outer third of the vagina.
6. Which of the following sexual problems can occur in males and in females?
a. sexual aversion
b. inhibited sexual arousal
c. inhibited orgasm
d. hypoactive sexual desire
Answer: D
Rationale:
Hypoactive sexual desire disorder occurs when an individual has few or no sexual fantasies,
and little or no desire for sexual activity.
7. Masters and Johnson estimated that half of all married couples experience a _______
sexual problem at some point in their marriage.
a. diagnosable
b. undiagnosable
c. treatable
d. curable
Answer: A
Rationale:
Masters and Johnson (1970) estimated that half of all married couples experience a
diagnosable sexual problem at some point in their marriages.
8. According to a national survey conducted in the 1990s, approximately what percentage of
men reported having premature ejaculation?
a. 2-5
b. 7-11
c. 15-25
d. 35-45
Answer: C
Rationale:
In a national survey conducted in the 1990s, it was discovered that the percentage of men
reported having premature ejaculation was 15.7 to 24.7.
9. According to a national survey conducted in the 1990s, which of the following problems
were most frequently reported by women?
a. hypoactive sexual desire
b. inability to reach orgasm
c. pain during sex
d. difficulty lubricating
Answer: A
Rationale:
In a national survey conducted in the 1990s, it was discovered that the percentage of women
reporting hypoactive sexual desire was 16.0 to 33.9; this figure represented the largest
percentage of any reported category.
10. Which of the following are the dimensions that comprise the three-dimensional model of
sexual problems?
a. duration, context, intensity
b. duration, frequency, intensity
c. frequency, intensity, context
d. duration, context, frequency
Answer: D
Rationale:
The three-dimensional model of sexual problems is a method of classifying or diagnosing
sexual problems according to their duration, context, and frequency.
11. Alyssa is a 40-year-old woman who has never achieved orgasm with a partner, but has
done so during masturbation. According to the three-dimensional model of sexual problems,
Alyssa would be classified as having a _______ and _______ sexual problem.
a. primary; secondary
b. primary; situational
c. secondary; global
d. secondary; partial
Answer: B
Rationale:
A primary sexual problem is one that has always existed in the person’s sexual life. A
situational sexual problem is experienced in specific settings, but is absent in other contexts.
12. Kareem is a 35-year-old man who is unable to maintain an erection with his partner, but
has not had this problem with other partners in the past. According to the three-dimensional
model of sexual problems, Kareem would be classified as having a _______ and _______
sexual problem.
a. primary; secondary
b. primary; global
c. secondary; situational
d. secondary; partial
Answer: C
Rationale:
A secondary sexual problem is one that is occurring now but was not present at some point in
the person’s past sexual experiences. A situational sexual problem is experienced in specific
settings but is absent in other contexts.
13. According to the three-dimensional model of sexual problems, a woman who has never
experienced an orgasm without or without a partner in any setting would be classified as
having a _______ and _______ sexual problem.
a. primary; secondary
b. primary; global
c. secondary; situational
d. secondary; partial
Answer: B
Rationale:
A primary sexual problem is one that has always existed in the person’s sexual life. A global
problem is one that occurs for an individual or couple in virtually all settings.
14. According to the three-dimensional model of sexual problems, a problem that occurs
every time in a given setting is defined as _______.
a. total
b. partial
c. situational
d. global
Answer: A
Rationale:
A total sexual problem is one that occurs every time in a given setting.
15. Sexual problems stemming from _______ sources typically occur when the physical body
is incapable of responding appropriately, regardless of the sexual activities that are occurring.
a. biological
b. psychological
c. relationship
d. cultural
Answer: A
Rationale:
Sexual problems stemming from biological or physiological sources typically occur when the
physical body is incapable of responding appropriately, regardless of the partner, the setting,
or the sexual activities that may be occurring.
16. What effect does alcohol have on sexual functioning?
a. It can inhibit penile erection and clitoral engorgement.
b. It enhances physiological sexual response.
c. It increases sexual desire.
d. It speeds up orgasms.
Answer: A
Rationale:
Alcohol causes blood vessels throughout the body to dilate, which can reduce blood flow to
the genitals and inhibit such responses as penile erection, clitoral engorgement, and vaginal
lubrication.
17. Garth is a heavy cigarette smoker. What types of sexual problems can he possibly
experience due to smoking?
a. erectile problems
b. decreased desire
c. inhibited ejaculation
d. dyspareunia
Answer: A
Rationale:
The nicotine in heavy cigarette use has been found to interfere with erections in men by
causing plaque to build up in the arteries and reducing blood flow to the genitals.
18. Linda is taking SSRIs to treat depression. Which of the following might she experience as
a result of these medications?
a. erectile problems
b. decreased desire
c. inhibited orgasm
d. priapism
Answer: C
Rationale:
A common side effect of SSRIs involves sexual problems, usually relating to inhibition of
orgasm.
19. Elsa is currently in a satisfying marriage. However, she has anxiety about getting
pregnant that is manifesting in her inability to become sexually aroused. Her sexual problem
is the result of _______ causes.
a. biological
b. psychological
c. cultural
d. social
Answer: B
Rationale:
Strong emotions such as stress, fear, guilt, anxiety, and depression trigger responses in the
nervous and endocrine systems that are incompatible with sexual arousal.
20. Which of the following is NOT one of the six relationship factors that can affect sexual
functioning?
a. poor communication
b. loss of trust
c. cultural differences
d. conflicting sexual expectations
Answer: C
Rationale:
The six factors are: loss of trust, poor communication, anger and resentment, conflicting
sexual experiences, lack of respect, and loss of love. Cultural differences is not listed as one
of the six factors.
21. Joel has arousal difficulties when attempting to make love with his partner. Which of the
following may be a source of his problem?
a. loss of trust in his partner
b. conflicting sexual expectations
c. cultural differences
d. religious differences
Answer: A
Rationale:
Some sexual problems, such as arousal difficulties, can be linked to the lack or loss of trust in
a relationship.
22. Marissa and Milo are seeing a counselor because they would like to improve their already
satisfying sexual relationship. Which of the following would their counselor most likely
recommend?
a. try to be intuitive regarding each other’s needs and wishes
b. make sounds that communicate excitement and pleasure
c. create a list of sexual demands for each other
d. discuss openly their sexual likes, dislikes, and desires
Answer: D
Rationale:
The ability to express sexual feelings, sexual desires, or insecurities about sex is crucial in
establishing and maintaining a sexually satisfying relationship.
23. When a person is angry, there are two barriers to sexual intimacy that function
simultaneously. These barriers are _______ and _______.
a. physiological responses; psychological distance
b. psychological distance; cultural issues
c. physiological responses; cultural issues
d. social expectations; psychological distance
Answer: A
Rationale:
In anger, two barriers to sexual intimacy are functioning simultaneously. One barrier is the
specific physiological responses of the autonomic nervous system, and the other one is the
psychological distance and loss of desire for intimacy with the partner that accompanies the
anger.
24. Valuing a partner’s wishes, ideas, desires, unique characteristics, and abilities are the
components of _______.
a. love
b. respect
c. desire
d. attraction
Answer: B
Rationale:
Mutual respect involves honoring and valuing the partner’s wishes, ideas, attitudes, desires,
abilities, and unique characteristics as a person.
25. When people of different cultures become involved in a romantic relationship, their
attitudes and expectations regarding sex may cause _______.
a. sexual problems
b. lack of respect
c. depression
d. low self esteem
Answer: A
Rationale:
When people from different cultures become involved in a romantic relationship, their deeply
ingrained attitudes and expectations about sex and romance may clash, causing relationship
or sexual problems.
26. Which of the following researchers wrote Human Sexual Inadequacy?
a. Kaplan
b. Kinsey
c. Money
d. Masters and Johnson
Answer: D
Rationale:
In their groundbreaking book, Human Sexual Inadequacy, Masters and Johnson described a
comprehensive sex therapy program for couples dealing with various sexual problems.
27. Sensate focus _______.
a. redirects emphasis away from intercourse and focuses on sensuality
b. redirects emphasis away from sensuality and focuses on intercourse
c. emphasizes teaching clients mutual masturbation techniques
d. emphasizes teaching clients oral sex and creative intercourse techniques
Answer: A
Rationale:
The comprehensive sex therapy program for couples described in Human Sexual Inadequacy
was known as sensate focus.
28. The beginning stages of the Masters and Johnson technique of sensate focus involve
_______.
a. caressing the genitals and breasts in order to reach an intense orgasm
b. removal of all clothing and caressing all non-genital body parts without reaching orgasm
c. the use of strictly nonverbal techniques to determine one’s partner’s erogenous zones
d. the use of specific exercises by a female surrogate with a male client
Answer: B
Rationale:
In the beginning states, couples are to remove their clothing and spend time taking turns
touching and caressing each other, focusing on the pleasure they feel in touching and being
touched. They must not touch each other’s breasts or genital areas.
29. Lizzie and Lucas are at a point in their sensate focus sex therapy where they are allowed
to caress each other’s nipples and genitals. They are at a point in therapy where the goal is to
_______.
a. have sex several times per week
b. orgasm
c. achieve sensual and pleasurable sensations
d. learn sexy behaviors
Answer: C
Rationale:
When the caressing is allowed to expand to include nipples and genitals, the goal continues to
be sensual and pleasurable sensations, not orgasm.
30. Which of the following is NOT a reason why masturbation is a central component in the
treatment of various sexual problems?
a. It allows individuals to become more aware of their own bodily sensations.
b. It helps individuals work on specific sexual difficulties without a partner.
c. It serves as a sexual release while couples are working on sexual problems.
d. It enables couples to reconnect on a sensual level rather than focus on sexual release.
Answer: D
Rationale:
The reasons given for why masturbation is a central component in the treatment of various
sexual problems include: allowing individuals to become more aware of their own bodily
sensations during arousal and orgasm; this, in turn helps partners explain to each other what
kinds of stimulation feels best; it also serves as a sexual release while couples are working on
solving their sexual problems; and it helps individuals work on specific sexual difficulties
without a partner or issues they are not comfortable exploring with a partner.
31. Erica and Manny’s therapist gave them masturbation activities to help them overcome a
sexual problem. Their therapist is using which of the following strategies?
a. sensate focus
b. communication enhancement
c. directed masturbation
d. spectatoring
Answer: C
Rationale:
Directed masturbation is a sex therapy strategy in which the therapist advises the client on
how to use masturbation activities to help overcome a sexual problem.
32. Which of the following is the best way to communicate sexual preferences and desires to
one’s partner?
a. make sounds or movements to communicate excitement and pleasure
b. use mirroring techniques while making love
c. verbally express sexual needs, likes, dislikes, and feelings
d. use nonverbal communication in the form of touch
Answer: C
Rationale:
Unless people communicate their sexual desires, likes, dislikes, preferences, and feelings,
their partners won’t know what they are. Communication plays a significant role in the
success or failure of relationships.
33. Virtually all sex therapies involve _______.
a. directed masturbation strategies
b. medication
c. enhancing communication
d. touch mirroring
Answer: C
Rationale:
Virtually all sex therapy strategies involve an element of enhancing communication between
partners.
34. Moe and Flo have been partners for several years. Over the past year they have lost their
sexual desire even though they say they still love each other. Moe and Flo are experiencing
_______.
a. generalized arousal disorder
b. hypoactive sexual desire
c. sexual disinhibition
d. sexual rejection disorder
Answer: B
Rationale:
Hypoactive sexual desire is a persistently low level or lack of sexual fantasies or desire for
sexual activity.
35. Which general category of sexual problems are the most common problems presented in
therapy?
a. problems with desire
b. erectile problems
c. problems reaching orgasm
d. problems with arousal
Answer: A
Rationale:
Problems with desire are the most common sexual problems presented in therapy, and are
generally considered the most difficult to treat.
36. Sensate focus is used as a treatment for hypoactive sexual desire by _______.
a. reacquainting each partner with the pleasurable sensation of sexual response
b. teaching couples how to communicate their feelings to each other
c. helping couples reduce their anxiety about intercourse and fears about performance
d. gradually eliminating specific thoughts that may be causing their sexual problems
Answer: C
Rationale:
Sensate focus, in reducing anxiety about intercourse and fears about performance, may
reawaken sensuality for the couple and spark new sexual feelings.
37. Louis is seeking therapy for hypoactive sexual desire. His therapist is using an
intervention technique that is designed to gradually eliminate his self-defeating beliefs and
attitudes that underlie his sexual problems. What technique is Louis’ therapist using?
a. sensate focus
b. communication enhancement
c. masturbation exercises
d. cognitive-behavioral therapy
Answer: D
Rationale:
Cognitive-behavioral therapy is designed to gradually eliminate specific thoughts and
associated behaviors that may be contributing to sexual problems.
38. Male erectile disorder was once referred to as _______.
a. dyspareunia
b. vaginismus
c. spectatoring
d. impotence
Answer: D
Rationale:
Male erectile disorder used to be called impotence.
39. Male erectile problems are most common in which of the following age groups?
a. 15-20
b. 20-40
c. 40-60
d. 60-75
Answer: D
Rationale:
Difficulties with erections at some point in a man’s life are extremely common, but they are
most common for men between 60 and 75. Ninety-four percent of men between 60 and 75
report frequent erectile difficulties.
40. Luke has experienced erectile difficulty on several occasions. As a result, he developed a
fear of not being able to achieve an erection. Luke has _______.
a. dyspareunia
b. vaginismus
c. depression
d. performance anxiety
Answer: D
Rationale:
Performance anxiety is the fear of not being able to perform as expected.
41. Mentally observing and judging oneself during sexual activities with a partner is called
_______.
a. dyspareunia
b. impotence
c. spectatoring
d. performance anxiety
Answer: C
Rationale:
Spectatoring refers to mentally observing and judging oneself during sexual activities with a
partner; it may cause sexual problems.
42. Viagra is used as a treatment for _______.
a. hypoactive sexual desire
b. erectile disorder
c. male orgasmic disorder
d. premature ejaculation
Answer: B
Rationale:
Viagra is a medication for the treatment of erectile problems.
43. Which of the following is a treatment for male erectile disorder?
a. penile implants
b. spectatoring
c. squeeze technique
d. hormone therapy
Answer: A
Rationale:
One method used to treat erectile dysfunction is penile implants; they are surgically inserted
into the penis and virtually guarantee an erection.
44. Which of the following is a way of determining if the cause of a man’s erectile
dysfunction is physiological?
a. monitor erections while viewing pornographic materials
b. use the squeeze or start/stop technique
c. monitor erections during REM sleep
d. count the amount of erections he has each day
Answer: C
Rationale:
A common test for determining the underlying cause of erectile dysfunction is to monitor
nocturnal penile tumescence during REM sleep.
45. One approach to treating erectile problems that are caused by psychological factors is to
encourage a couple to _______.
a. make more effective use of power and control in the course of foreplay and coitus
b. eliminate specific thoughts that may be causing the problems
c. engage in kissing and caressing for pleasure rather than as preludes to intercourse
d. incorporate the kinds of fantasies into their sex life that will lead to erections
Answer: C
Rationale:
When the agreement has been made between partners to engage in non-demand pleasuring,
such as kissing, touching, and caressing, for the sake of pleasure itself and not as preludes to
intercourse, many men who have been dealing with erectile disorder find themselves very
aroused and very erect throughout the entire session.
46. Zora has a persistent inability to attain an adequate lubrication-swelling response of
sexual excitement. She probably has _______.
a. female sexual arousal disorder
b. female orgasmic disorder
c. hypoactive sexual desire
d. sexual aversion disorder
Answer: A
Rationale:
Female sexual arousal disorder is a persistent or recurrent inability to attain or to maintain
until completion of the sexual activity, an adequate lubrication-swelling response of sexual
excitement.
47. Which of the following is a physiological cause of female sexual arousal disorder?
a. hormonal imbalances
b. blocked coronary arteries
c. migraine headaches
d. dyspareunia
Answer: A
Rationale:
One common biological issue involved in FSAD relates to hormonal levels and imbalances.
Hormone levels are associated with sexual responses in women.
48. Low levels of _______ are linked with low levels of arousal.
a. thyroxin
b. progesterone
c. testosterone
d. estrogen
Answer: C
Rationale:
Testosterone is produced by the ovaries, and it appears to be an important factor in female
sexuality. Abnormally low levels of testosterone in women seem to be linked to low levels of
desire, arousal, and even low sexual sensitivity in the nipples, vagina, and clitoris.
49. Which of the following is NOT considered a general treatment for female sexual arousal
disorder?
a. enhanced communication
b. sensate focus exercises
c. cognitive behavioral therapy
d. directed masturbation
Answer: C
Rationale:
Therapy for FSAD typically includes a combination of treatments, such as enhanced
communication, specific sensate focus exercises, and directed masturbation.
50. Elsie has been married for seven years. During this time she has never reached orgasm.
Elsie probably has which of the following disorders?
a. female sexual arousal disorder
b. female orgasmic disorder
c. hypoactive sexual desire
d. sexual aversion disorder
Answer: B
Rationale:
Female orgasmic disorder is a sexual problem in which a woman rarely or never reaches
orgasm, or in which orgasms are delayed.
51. Joanna is a 55-year-old woman who has been sexually active for many years but has
never experienced an orgasm. Joanna would most likely be diagnosed with _______.
a. primary anorgasmia
b. situational anorgasmia
c. sexual aversion disorder
d. hypoactive sexual desire
Answer: A
Rationale:
A woman who has never experienced an orgasm under any conditions is referred to as
preorgasmic, implying that all women have the capacity for orgasm, even if they never had
one. This type of problem would be classified as primary anorgasmia.
52. Which of the following is NOT a cause of female orgasmic disorder?
a. lack of desired stimulation
b. hormonal imbalances
c. medication side effects
d. blocked coronary arteries
Answer: D
Rationale:
Causes of female orgasmic disorder include organic, psychological, and relationship-based
issues. Blocked coronary arties is not considered to be a possible cause of female orgasmic
disorder.
53. Leila is concerned that she has female orgasmic disorder because she rarely has an
orgasm during intercourse. What should she know about female orgasms?
a. Most women do not routinely have orgasms through intercourse.
b. Millions of women should be diagnosed with anorgasmic disorder.
c. The only way for a woman to have an orgasm is by self-masturbation.
d. Most women prefer to have sexual relations without orgasm.
Answer: A
Rationale:
It is quite common for women not to experience orgasm during intercourse alone without
additional simultaneous clitoral stimulation.
54. Morris has difficulty reaching orgasm after long periods of stimulation. He most likely
has _______.
a. hypoactive sexual desire
b. erectile disorder
c. male orgasmic disorder
d. premature ejaculation
Answer: C
Rationale:
A small percentage of men experience delayed or inhibited ejaculation, currently referred to
as male orgasmic disorder.
55. Which of the following is a cause of male orgasmic disorder?
a. psychological issues
b. cultural issues
c. diabetes
d. hormonal imbalances
Answer: A
Rationale:
The causes of inhibited ejaculation include many psychological and relationship issues, such
as anger, fear, guilt, or the sexual side effects of some antidepressants.
56. Wolfgang tends to have orgasms before he attempts to penetrate his girlfriend’s vagina.
This is an example of _______.
a. hypoactive sexual desire
b. erectile disorder
c. male orgasmic disorder
d. premature ejaculation
Answer: D
Rationale:
Premature ejaculation refers to achieving orgasm and ejaculating “too soon” with a partner. It
is also referred to as rapid or early ejaculation.
57. Men are more likely to be concerned about premature ejaculation when engaging in
sexual activities with a partner, such as _______.
a. masturbation
b. oral sex
c. vaginal sex or anal sex
d. kissing
Answer: C
Rationale:
Premature ejaculation revolves around sexual activities with a partner, usually vaginal or anal
sex.
58. Which of the following is a possible cause for premature ejaculation?
a. a man may be less physically sensitive to sexual stimulation
b. shorter periods of abstinence between sexual encounters
c. lower levels of testosterone
d. faster-acting pelvic reflexes and genital muscles that control orgasm
Answer: D
Rationale:
One suggested cause of premature ejaculation is that some men may have faster-acting
reflexes in the pelvic and genital muscles that control orgasm and ejaculation, so that
ejaculation may occur prior to full arousal.
59. The “squeeze technique” is used to treat _______.
a. premature ejaculation
b. male orgasmic disorder
c. erectile dysfunction
d. male dyspareunia
Answer: A
Rationale:
Most treatments for premature ejaculation employ one of many variations on a treatment
developed by Masters and Johnson called the “squeeze technique. ”
60. Generally speaking, the most effective treatment for premature ejaculation focuses on
_______.
a. increasing the man’s awareness of the moment of ejaculatory inevitability
b. the use of sexual surrogates
c. the consistent use of the male superior position for coitus
d. use of strategies that help distract the man from sexual sensations
Answer: A
Rationale:
Some treatments for premature ejaculation are effective because they teach men to recognize
their moment of ejaculatory inevitability.
61. Which of the following is a treatment for premature ejaculation?
a. SSRIs
b. cognitive behavioral therapy
c. communication enhancement
d. Viagra
Answer: A
Rationale:
One treatment for PE is SSRI medications, as they frequently produce the side effect of
delaying orgasm in both men and women.
62. Maria went to the doctor because she experiences pain in her vagina during sexual
intercourse. Her doctor most likely diagnosed her with _______.
a. dyspareunia
b. vaginismus
c. sexual aversion disorder
d. female orgasmic disorder
Answer: A
Rationale:
Dyspareunia means painful sexual intercourse. In women, it refers to physical pain
experienced in the vagina, the vaginal opening, or deeper in the abdominal cavity during or
following intercourse.
63. The most common cause for vaginal dyspareunia is _______.
a. inadequate clitoral stimulation prior to intercourse
b. lack of adequate lubrication prior to and during intercourse
c. a small vaginal opening
d. deep and rapid thrusting of the penis during intercourse
Answer: B
Rationale:
The most common cause for vaginal pain during sexual intercourse is a lack of adequate
vaginal lubrication prior to and during intercourse.
64. Lucia went to the doctor because she experiences pain in her vagina just prior to sexual
intercourse. Her doctor most likely diagnosed her with _______.
a. dyspareunia
b. vaginismus
c. sexual aversion disorder
d. female orgasmic disorder
Answer: B
Rationale:
Vaginismus refers to a condition in women that causes pain prior to intercourse due to
involuntary contractions and spasms of the muscles controlling the opening to and the outer
third of the vagina.
65. A cause of vaginismus is _______.
a. fear that penetration will be painful
b. a lack of lubrication of the vaginal walls
c. hormonal imbalances
d. a lack of sexual desire
Answer: A
Rationale:
This sexual problem is primarily psychological and probably based on a deeply conditioned
fear that penetration will be painful or traumatic in some way.
TRUE-FALSE
1. It was once believed that a cause of sexual dysfunction was demonic possession.
Answer: True
Rationale:
In historical contexts, various cultures attributed sexual dysfunction to supernatural causes
such as demonic possession. These beliefs were prevalent before scientific understandings of
human sexuality emerged, and treatments often involved religious or spiritual interventions
rather than medical or psychological approaches.
2. Masters and Johnson’s research revealed what types of stimulation produce sexual
excitement.
Answer: True
Rationale:
Masters and Johnson conducted groundbreaking research on human sexuality, which included
the study of physiological responses during sexual arousal. Their research provided insights
into the types of stimulation that produce sexual excitement, contributing significantly to the
understanding of human sexual response.
3. Sexual problems are uncommon.
Answer: False
Rationale:
Sexual problems are relatively common and can affect individuals of all ages and
backgrounds. These problems can manifest in various forms, including erectile dysfunction,
premature ejaculation, low libido, and difficulties with orgasm. Many factors, such as
physical health, psychological well-being, relationship issues, and societal influences, can
contribute to the development of sexual problems.
4. Masters and Johnson estimated that half of all married couples experience a diagnosable
sexual problem at some point in their marriage.
Answer: True
Rationale:
Masters and Johnson's research suggested that a significant proportion of married couples
experience sexual problems at some point in their relationship. They estimated that
approximately half of all married couples may encounter a diagnosable sexual problem
during their marriage, highlighting the prevalence of sexual issues within intimate
partnerships.
5. The three-dimensional model of sexual problems is a method of treating orgasmic
disorders.
Answer: False
Rationale:
The three-dimensional model of sexual problems, proposed by Helen Singer Kaplan, is a
theoretical framework used to understand and conceptualize various factors contributing to
sexual dysfunction. It does not specifically focus on treating orgasmic disorders but rather
provides a comprehensive approach to assessing and addressing sexual problems, considering
biological, psychological, and interpersonal factors.
6. According to the three-dimensional model of sexual problems, a primary sexual problem is
one that is occurring now, but was not present in the person’s past.
Answer: False
Rationale:
In the three-dimensional model of sexual problems, a primary sexual problem refers to a
longstanding issue that has been present throughout an individual's sexual history. It contrasts
with a secondary sexual problem, which emerges after a period of normal sexual functioning.
This distinction helps clinicians understand the nature and development of sexual difficulties
in their patients.
7. Most recreational drugs interfere with normal, desirable sexual functioning.
Answer: True
Rationale:
Many recreational drugs, including alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and ecstasy, can interfere
with normal sexual functioning and arousal. These substances may affect libido, arousal,
erectile function, and orgasmic response, leading to sexual problems and difficulties in sexual
performance. Prolonged substance use can also have detrimental effects on overall sexual
health and well-being.
8. Stress triggers responses in the nervous and endocrine systems that are compatible with
sexual arousal.
Answer: False
Rationale:
Stress typically triggers physiological responses in the body's nervous and endocrine systems
that are not conducive to sexual arousal. Stress hormones such as cortisol can inhibit sexual
desire and arousal, leading to difficulties in sexual functioning. Chronic stress can also
contribute to the development or exacerbation of sexual problems such as erectile dysfunction
or inhibited orgasm.
9. Good sexual communication is the foundation of a healthy sexual relationship.
Answer: True
Rationale:
Effective sexual communication, characterized by openness, honesty, and mutual respect, is
essential for maintaining a healthy and satisfying sexual relationship. It allows partners to
express their desires, preferences, concerns, and boundaries, fostering understanding and
intimacy. Good sexual communication can enhance sexual satisfaction, promote sexual
exploration, and help address any issues or challenges that may arise in the relationship.
10. One of the most difficult tasks in sex therapy is helping resentful couples move past their
hostility.
Answer: True
Rationale:
Resentment and hostility between partners can significantly impair sexual intimacy and
satisfaction within a relationship. Addressing underlying conflicts, resentments, and negative
emotions requires skilled therapeutic intervention to facilitate effective communication,
conflict resolution, and emotional healing. Helping resentful couples move past their hostility
is often a challenging and complex aspect of sex therapy, requiring patience, empathy, and
collaboration from both partners and the therapist.
11. When mutual respect between partners is absent, the foundation for satisfying sexual
interactions dissolves.
Answer: True
Rationale:
Mutual respect is crucial in any relationship, including sexual relationships. Without mutual
respect, there can be a lack of trust, understanding, and emotional connection between
partners, which can significantly undermine the quality and satisfaction of sexual
interactions.
12. When people from different cultures become involved romantically, their attitudes about
sex may clash, causing sexual problems.
Answer: True
Rationale:
Cultural attitudes, beliefs, and values regarding sex vary widely across different societies and
can influence individuals' attitudes and behaviors towards sexuality. When individuals from
different cultural backgrounds enter into romantic relationships, differences in sexual
attitudes and expectations may lead to misunderstandings, conflicts, and sexual problems.
13. Sensate focus plays an important role in sexual therapy.
Answer: True
Rationale:
Sensate focus is a therapeutic technique commonly used in sex therapy to help individuals
and couples increase awareness of bodily sensations and enhance intimacy. It involves
engaging in non-genital touching exercises to explore and reconnect with physical sensations,
emotions, and pleasure without the pressure of performance or goal-oriented sexual activity.
14. Sensate focus exercises are designed to help a couple reconnect on a sexual level with the
expectation of intercourse.
Answer: False
Rationale:
Sensate focus exercises are not intended to lead to intercourse or any specific sexual activity.
Instead, they focus on promoting relaxation, mindfulness, and sensual awareness without the
pressure of achieving a particular outcome. These exercises aim to enhance intimacy,
communication, and pleasure within the relationship.
15. Directed masturbation is an effective therapeutic component in the treatment of common
sexual problems.
Answer: True
Rationale:
Directed masturbation, also known as masturbation training, is a therapeutic technique used
to help individuals overcome various sexual difficulties such as erectile dysfunction,
premature ejaculation, and orgasmic disorders. It involves guided masturbation sessions
under the supervision of a therapist to explore and address specific concerns or issues related
to sexual functioning.
16. Virtually all sex therapy strategies involve an element of enhancing communication.
Answer: True
Rationale:
Effective communication is fundamental to addressing and resolving sexual problems in
therapy. Most sex therapy approaches include strategies to improve communication skills
between partners, such as active listening, expressing needs and desires, negotiating
boundaries, and providing feedback. Enhanced communication fosters understanding,
empathy, and intimacy, which are essential for overcoming sexual difficulties.
17. Poor communication is an important factor in the development of many sexual problems.
Answer: True
Rationale:
Poor communication between partners can contribute to the development and exacerbation of
sexual problems. Misunderstandings, unexpressed desires or concerns, lack of emotional
connection, and unresolved conflicts can all interfere with sexual satisfaction and
functioning. Addressing communication issues is often a key aspect of sex therapy
interventions.
18. Problems with desire are the most common sexual problems presented in therapy.
Answer: True
Rationale:
Problems with desire, such as low libido or lack of sexual interest, are among the most
common reasons individuals seek sex therapy. Desire-related issues can arise due to various
factors, including psychological, relational, hormonal, and medical factors. Addressing desire
problems often involves exploring underlying causes and implementing strategies to enhance
sexual motivation and arousal.
19. Both men and women may suffer from sexual arousal disorder.
Answer: True
Rationale:
Sexual arousal disorder, characterized by difficulties in becoming sexually aroused or
maintaining arousal during sexual activity, can affect both men and women. In men, it may
manifest as erectile dysfunction, while in women, it may present as female sexual arousal
disorder. These disorders can have various underlying causes and may require tailored
interventions for effective treatment.
20. Erectile problems decrease with a man’s age.
Answer: False
Rationale:
Erectile problems, such as erectile dysfunction, can occur at any age, although the prevalence
tends to increase with age. While aging can be a contributing factor to erectile dysfunction
due to changes in blood flow, hormones, and overall health, it is not true that erectile
problems universally decrease with age. Many older adults maintain healthy sexual function,
while younger individuals may experience erectile difficulties due to various factors.
21. Erectile problems that have psychological causes can be treated without medication.
Answer: True
Rationale:
Erectile problems stemming from psychological factors, such as performance anxiety, stress,
relationship issues, or past trauma, can often be effectively treated without medication.
Psychological interventions, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, couples therapy, and sex
therapy, aim to address underlying psychological issues, improve self-confidence and sexual
self-esteem, and enhance sexual performance and satisfaction.
22. Female sexual arousal disorder can be caused by hormonal levels and imbalances.
Answer: True
Rationale:
Hormonal factors, including fluctuations in estrogen and testosterone levels, can influence
female sexual arousal and desire. Hormonal imbalances, such as those occurring during
menopause, pregnancy, or certain medical conditions, may contribute to symptoms of female
sexual arousal disorder, such as reduced vaginal lubrication or difficulty in achieving arousal.
Addressing hormonal imbalances may be part of the treatment approach for some women
with sexual arousal difficulties.
23. The most common nonphysical cause of female orgasmic disorder is lack of adequate
sexual stimulation.
Answer: True
Rationale:
In many cases of female orgasmic disorder, the inability to achieve orgasm is not primarily
due to physical factors but rather to psychological or relational issues, including lack of
adequate sexual stimulation or arousal. Women may experience difficulty reaching orgasm
due to factors such as performance pressure, negative sexual attitudes or beliefs, past
experiences, relationship conflicts, or communication barriers.
24. Men diagnosed with male orgasmic disorder have difficulty obtaining an erection.
Answer: False
Rationale:
Male orgasmic disorder, also known as delayed ejaculation or inhibited ejaculation, is
characterized by persistent difficulty or inability to ejaculate despite adequate sexual
stimulation and arousal. It is distinct from erectile dysfunction, which involves difficulties in
obtaining or maintaining an erection. Men with orgasmic disorder may achieve and sustain
erections but experience delays or inability to ejaculate during sexual activity.
25. Sensate focus is a treatment for premature ejaculation.
Answer: True
Rationale:
Sensate focus exercises are commonly used in sex therapy to treat premature ejaculation. By
engaging in gradual and systematic desensitization to sexual stimuli, individuals can learn to
control their arousal levels and delay ejaculation. Sensate focus exercises help individuals
become more aware of their bodily sensations and responses, facilitating greater control over
ejaculation timing.
26. Dyspareunia means vaginal pain just prior to intercourse.
Answer: False
Rationale:
Dyspareunia refers to recurrent or persistent genital pain experienced by individuals during or
after sexual intercourse. It can occur in both men and women and may involve various factors
such as physical conditions, infections, pelvic floor dysfunction, psychological factors, or
relationship issues. Dyspareunia is not limited to pain occurring just prior to intercourse but
can occur at any point during or after sexual activity.
27. Sexual pain in men is often due to a localized infection.
Answer: True
Rationale:
Sexual pain in men, such as penile pain or discomfort during intercourse, can be attributed to
various causes, including localized infections such as balanitis (inflammation of the glans
penis) or urethritis (inflammation of the urethra). Infections, irritation, or inflammation of the
genital tissues can result in pain or discomfort during sexual activity. Proper diagnosis and
treatment of the underlying cause are essential for managing sexual pain in men.
28. Vaginismus refers to a condition in women that causes pain prior to sexual intercourse.
Answer: True
Rationale:
Vaginismus is a sexual dysfunction characterized by involuntary contraction of the muscles
surrounding the vaginal entrance, making penetration painful or impossible. This condition
can cause significant distress and avoidance of sexual activity. Pain typically occurs before
attempted penetration, as the vaginal muscles contract in anticipation of pain or discomfort.
29. Vaginismus is generally treated using a combination of psychological and physical
strategies.
Answer: True
Rationale:
Treatment for vaginismus often involves a multidisciplinary approach that addresses both the
physical and psychological aspects of the condition. Psychological interventions may include
education, counseling, relaxation techniques, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and addressing
any underlying emotional issues or trauma. Physical strategies may include pelvic floor
exercises, vaginal dilation therapy, desensitization exercises, and medical interventions as
needed. Combining these approaches can help individuals overcome vaginismus and regain
control over their sexual function and well-being.
30. The underlying assumption of a “New View” is that men’s and women’s sexual problems
cannot be explained using the same classification scheme.
Answer: True
Rationale:
The "New View" of women's sexual problems challenges traditional medical models that
pathologize women's sexual difficulties and emphasizes the importance of considering
sociocultural and relational factors in understanding women's sexual experiences. It
acknowledges that men's and women's sexual problems may arise from different sources and
contexts and advocates for a holistic approach to assessment and treatment that takes into
account individual differences and diverse sexual experiences. This perspective recognizes
that men's and women's sexual problems cannot be simply categorized using a one-size-fitsall classification scheme and promotes a more inclusive and nuanced understanding of sexual
health and well-being.
SHORT ANSWER
1. _______ were the first to reveal the types of stimulation that produce sexual excitement
and orgasm.
Answer: Masters and Johnson
Rationale:
Masters and Johnson, through their groundbreaking research in the mid-20th century,
provided valuable insights into human sexual response. Their studies identified various types
of physical and psychological stimulation that lead to sexual arousal and orgasm, contributing
significantly to the understanding of human sexuality and the treatment of sexual
dysfunction.
2. The three-dimensional model of sexual problems classifies sexual problems according to
their duration, context, and _______.
Answer: frequency
Rationale:
The three-dimensional model of sexual problems, proposed by Helen Singer Kaplan,
considers the duration, context, and frequency of sexual difficulties in its classification
scheme. Frequency refers to how often a sexual problem occurs, providing important
information about its severity and impact on an individual's sexual functioning and overall
well-being.
3. According to the three-dimensional model of sexual problems, a problem is defined as
_______ if it occurs in virtually all settings.
Answer: global
Rationale:
In the three-dimensional model of sexual problems, a problem is categorized as global if it
occurs consistently across various sexual situations and contexts. This indicates that the
sexual difficulty is pervasive and not specific to certain circumstances or partners, suggesting
underlying issues that may require comprehensive assessment and intervention.
4. According to the three-dimensional model of sexual problems, a problem is defined as
_______ if it occurs often enough to cause distress but not on every occasion in that
particular setting.
Answer: partial
Rationale:
In the three-dimensional model of sexual problems, a problem is classified as partial if it
occurs with some frequency but not consistently in a particular sexual setting or context.
While it may not occur every time, its recurrence is frequent enough to cause distress or
dissatisfaction for the individual or couple involved.
5. _______ causes of sexual problems can be neurological, hormonal, or vascular; they can
also stem from physical injuries or trauma.
Answer: Physiological
Rationale:
Physiological causes of sexual problems encompass various biological factors that can affect
sexual functioning. These may include neurological conditions, hormonal imbalances,
vascular issues affecting blood flow to the genitals, as well as physical injuries or trauma that
impact sexual response. Addressing physiological factors may require medical evaluation and
treatment to improve sexual health and functioning.
6. SSRIs are drugs administered to treat _______ that may cause various sexual side effects.
Answer: depression
Rationale:
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of antidepressant medications
commonly prescribed to treat depression and anxiety disorders. However, SSRIs can also
have side effects related to sexual functioning, such as decreased libido, delayed orgasm, or
erectile dysfunction. These sexual side effects can significantly impact an individual's quality
of life and may require careful management or alternative treatment approaches.
7. _______ exercises are designed to help a couple reconnect on a sensual rather than sexual
level.
Answer: Sensate focus
Rationale:
Sensate focus exercises are a therapeutic technique commonly used in sex therapy to promote
intimacy, communication, and relaxation between partners. These exercises involve nongenital touch and exploration of each other's bodies in a sensual, pleasurable manner, without
the pressure of sexual performance or goals. Sensate focus helps couples rediscover physical
and emotional intimacy, fostering a deeper connection and understanding within the
relationship.
8. The use of masturbation in sex therapy is usually referred to as _______.
Answer: directed masturbation
Rationale:
Directed masturbation, also known as masturbation training, is a therapeutic technique used
in sex therapy to address various sexual difficulties, such as erectile dysfunction, premature
ejaculation, or orgasmic disorders. Under the guidance of a therapist, individuals may engage
in self-stimulation exercises to explore their sexual responses, sensations, and preferences,
with the goal of enhancing sexual functioning and pleasure.
9. Virtually all sex therapy strategies involve an element of enhancing _______ between
partners.
Answer: communication
Rationale:
Effective communication is fundamental to addressing and resolving sexual problems in
therapy. Most sex therapy approaches include strategies to improve communication skills
between partners, such as active listening, expressing needs and desires, negotiating
boundaries, and providing feedback. Enhanced communication fosters understanding,
empathy, and intimacy, which are essential for overcoming sexual difficulties.
10. A persistently low level or lack of sexual fantasies or desire for sexual activity is referred
to as _______.
Answer: hypoactive sexual desire
Rationale:
Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is characterized by a persistent lack or absence of
sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity, leading to significant distress or interpersonal
difficulties. It is one of the most common sexual dysfunctions and can affect individuals of
any gender. HSDD may have various underlying causes, including biological, psychological,
relational, and sociocultural factors, and treatment typically involves addressing these
multifaceted aspects through therapy and, in some cases, medication.
11. A common test for the underlying cause of erectile disorder is _______.
Answer: nocturnal penile tumescence
Rationale:
Nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) testing is a common diagnostic procedure used to assess
erectile function. It involves monitoring spontaneous erections that occur during sleep, which
are typically associated with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Normal NPT indicates that
the erectile mechanisms are intact, suggesting that psychological factors may be contributing
to erectile dysfunction, whereas abnormal NPT may suggest underlying physiological causes
such as vascular or hormonal issues.
12. _______ is a frequent or recurring delay or inhibition of orgasm and ejaculation.
Answer: Male orgasmic disorder
Rationale:
Male orgasmic disorder, also known as delayed ejaculation or inhibited ejaculation, refers to
persistent difficulty or inability to achieve orgasm and ejaculation despite adequate sexual
stimulation and arousal. This condition can cause distress and frustration for individuals and
their partners and may be influenced by various factors such as psychological, relational,
medical, or pharmacological factors.
13. A man’s tendency to have an orgasm suddenly with little penile stimulation is called
_______.
Answer: premature ejaculation
Rationale:
Premature ejaculation is a common sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability to delay
ejaculation during sexual intercourse, leading to ejaculation occurring shortly after
penetration or even before penetration. It is often associated with minimal penile stimulation
and can cause distress and interpersonal difficulties for individuals and couples. Premature
ejaculation may have psychological, biological, or interpersonal causes and can be treated
through various therapeutic approaches.
14. _______ is the term used to describe painful sexual intercourse.
Answer: Dyspareunia
Rationale:
Dyspareunia refers to recurrent or persistent genital pain experienced by individuals during or
after sexual intercourse. It can affect both men and women and may be caused by various
factors such as physical conditions (e.g., infections, pelvic floor dysfunction), psychological
factors (e.g., anxiety, trauma), hormonal imbalances, or relationship issues. Treatment for
dyspareunia depends on identifying and addressing the underlying cause.
15. _______ refers to a condition in women that causes pain prior to intercourse.
Answer: Vaginismus
Rationale:
Vaginismus is a sexual dysfunction characterized by involuntary contraction of the muscles
surrounding the vaginal entrance, making penetration painful or impossible. This condition
can cause significant distress and avoidance of sexual activity. Pain typically occurs before
attempted penetration, as the vaginal muscles contract in anticipation of pain or discomfort.
Treatment for vaginismus often involves a combination of physical therapy, psychotherapy,
and education to help individuals overcome muscle tension and anxiety associated with
penetration.
ESSAY
1. Identify and explain the three-dimensional model of sexual problems. Using the model,
diagnose the following situation: a 35-year-old woman is unable to achieve orgasm with her
current partner; however, she has had orgasms with past partners.
Responses should consider:
The three-dimensional model of sexual problems is a method of classifying or diagnosing
sexual problems according to their duration, context, and frequency.
• Duration (primary or secondary): This refers to how long a person has been experiencing
the problem. A primary sexual problem is one that has always existed in the person’s sexual
life.
• A secondary problem is one that is occurring now but was not present at some point in the
person’s past sexual experiences.
• Context (global or situational): A global problem is one that occurs for an individual or
couple in virtually all settings. A situational problem is experienced in specific settings, but is
absent in other contexts.
• Frequency (total or partial): A total sexual problem is one that occurs invariably, that is,
every time, in a given setting. A problem defined as partial occurs often enough to cause
distress, but not on every occasion in that particular setting.
• The hypothetical woman described above is experiencing a secondary problem; she was
orgasmic in the past, and now she is not. Her problem cold also be considered situational if
she was orgasmic in previous settings, but not with the current partner.
2. Identify and define the six factors that cause relationship problems. Explain how these
factors can contribute to sexual problems in a relationship.
Responses should consider:
1. Loss of trust. Most couples need to trust that their partners are faithful, honest in
expressing feelings, will not inflict emotional or physical pain, and are not withholding
important information that might negatively affect the relationship. Sexual problems such as
desire disorders, arousal difficulties, among others, may sometimes be linked to the lack or
loss of trust in a relationship. When this basic trust is lost, the overall relationship will suffer.
2. Poor communication. Effective communication is a cornerstone of a good relationship, and
good sexual communication is usually the foundation of a good sexual relationship. The
ability to express sexual feelings, sexual desires, or insecurities about sex is crucial to
establishing and maintaining a sexually satisfying relationship.
3. Anger and resentment. Strong negative emotional reactions, especially anger and
resentment, work directly against sexual responding. If one is feeling angry or resentful
toward a partner, responding sexually is going to be problematic. One barrier is the specific
physiological responses of the autonomic nervous system, which are incompatible with
sexual arousal. The other is the psychological distance and loss of desire for intimacy with
the partner that accompanies the anger.
4. Conflicting sexual expectations. When two people enter into a sexually intimate
relationship, they are sure to have some differing expectations about sex that will have to be
negotiated and reconciled. If differing expectations are not reconciled, they can lead to a
serious imbalance in the relationship and to potential sexual problems. When both partners
are willing and able to communicate and discuss differences in expectations, chances are
good that they can work them out.
5. Lack of respect. Lack of respect in an intimate relationship will invariably undermine
sexual feelings, desire and responses. Two related types of respect are fundamental to
successful and satisfying relationships: self-respect and mutual respect. A lack of self-respect,
and the low self-esteem that invariably accompanies it, usually cause one or both partners to
feel unworthy of experiencing sexual pleasure and undeserving of sexual pleasure. Mutual
respect is equally important, in that each partner needs to feel that his/her wishes, ideas,
attitudes, desires, abilities, and unique characteristics as a person are honored and valued by
the other. When mutual respect is absent, the foundation for successful and satisfying sexual
interactions crumbles away.
6. Loss of love. In an intimate relationship, sexual satisfaction and functioning often falter. Of
all the factors in intimate relationships that can influence sexual functioning, love is possibly
the most important of all. Sex combined with love is very different from sex without love.
People make very clear distinctions between making love and having sex.
3. Define sensate focus. Provide a step-by-step explanation as to how this method is used as a
therapeutic intervention.
Responses should consider:
Sensate focus is a sex therapy technique described by Masters and Johnson that requires a
couple to redirect emphasis away from intercourse and focus on their capacity for mutual
sensuality.
• A couple who is experiencing a sexual problem are instructed to find quiet, private time
together one or more times each week.
• During theses sessions they are to remove their clothing and spend time taking turns
touching and caressing each other, focusing on the pleasure they feel in touching and being
touched. They must not touch each other’s breasts or genital areas.
• Over the course of several weeks the caressing is allowed to expand to include nipples and
genitals, but the goal continues to be sensual and pleasurable sensations, not orgasm. Genital
touching that may lead to orgasm is prohibited.
• Within a few weeks, the couple usually find that with the pressures and expectations of
intercourse removed, the sexual, sensual, and romantic feelings anad responses are
reawakened in them.
• As the process continues, they are allowed to touch each other to orgasm and eventually to
engage in intercourse once again.
• Couples feel emotionally closer, and sexual desire increases for couples whose desire had
been waning. Orgasm problems are often resolved.
4. Describe hypoactive sexual desire. Provide an explanation of its causes and two treatment
strategies.
Responses should consider:
Hypoactive sexual desire is a persistently low level or lack of sexual fantasies or desire for
sexual activity. It’s also known as inhibited sexual desire. This applies to individuals or
couples who do not think about sex very much, who do not feel desirous of sexual activities
very often, and who find this to be a problem in their lives and relationships.
• Causes
- For low desire that is primary, global, and total, underlying causes such as hormonal
imbalances or neurological pathology must be considered.
- For desire difficulties that are secondary, situational, and partial, nonphysical factors such as
psychological, relationship, or cultural must be considered.
- Among the most commonly suggested nonphysical causes are anxiety over relationship and
other sexual issues, depression, fear (of pregnancy, STIs, or pain), and past sexual
victimization.
• Treatment Strategies
- One treatment strategy is cognitive behavioral therapy, which is designed to:
1. assist an individual or couple in identifying and exploring irrational, fault, and selfdefeating beliefs and attitudes that underlie sexual difficulties
2. develop strategies to discard those ineffective cognitions and replace them with new, more
accurate, and more constructive thought processes
3. gradually eliminate undesirable behaviors that were based on the old ways of thinking and
replace them with new and effective actions stemming from the new belief systems.
- Another treatment strategy is sensate focus, as it can reduce anxiety about intercourse and
fears about performance, and may reawaken sensuality for the couple and spark new feelings.
5. Define female orgasmic disorder. Provide an explanation of its causes. Explain how
sensate focus and masturbation exercises are used as a treatment for it.
Responses should consider:
Female orgasmic disorder is a sexual problem in which a woman rarely or never reaches
orgasm or orgasms are delayed. It’s also known as inhibited female orgasm or anorgasmia.
• Causes:
- Organic or psychological causes may include hormonal imbalances, use or abuse of alcohol
or other recreational drugs, or side effects of prescription medications. Alcohol is a central
nervous system depressant, moderate to heavy amounts of alcohol interfere with the body’s
ability to respond to sexual stimuli.
- One recent cause is side effects of the new class of prescription antidepressant medications
known as SSRIs. They are prescribed for depression and other psychological difficulties.
Most of these medications have been shown to produce sexual side effects in some users, the
most common of which is delayed or inhibited orgasm in both men and women.
- As a treatment sexual self-exploration through masturbation can be a powerful tool for a
woman to discover that she is capable of achieving orgasms and where and how she needs to
be touched to achieve them. Sometimes using a vibrator along with masturbation can assist a
woman who has never or rarely experienced orgasm by providing maximum stimulation,
leading to more predictable orgasms.
- Once a woman is reasonably comfortable with her own body and her ability to have
orgasms, non-demanding sexual exercises, such as sensate focus, can begin to include her
partner. As part of their sensate focus program, Masters and Johnson developed a specific
position to allow the woman to guide her partner in ways of touching and pleasuring that
provide the sensations and stimulation that are most effective for her. Not only does this
exercise help inform her partner abut what feels best to her, but it also tends to enhance
closeness and communication in general. When the woman is comfortable with her ability to
have orgasms though sensate focus exercises, intercourse may be resumed. If the goal for the
couple is for both to reach orgasm during intercourse, this is now usually accomplished
through the addition of manual stimulation by either partner to the clitoral area during
penetration.
Test Bank for Human Sexuality
Roger R. Hock
ISBN's: 9780205989409, 9780133971385, 9780134224961
