Chapter 8 Choosing Others: Dating and Mate Selection 1) A manifest function of dating is ________. A) socialization B) fulfilment of ego needs C) big business D) love and affection Answer: D Rationale: Manifest functions are the intended and recognized outcomes of social phenomena. Dating is primarily intended to foster love and affection between individuals, making option D, love and affection, the most appropriate manifest function of dating. 2) Which of the following is a latent function of dating? A) fun B) companionship C) social status D) mate selection Answer: C Rationale: Latent functions are the unintended or unrecognized outcomes of social phenomena. While dating serves various latent functions, such as fun, companionship, and mate selection, option C, social status, is a latent function as dating can influence individuals' perceived social standing or reputation in society. 3) Which of the following is True regarding the use of personal classified advertisements to find dating partners? A) In the 1960s, they were a widely socially acceptable way to find a mate. B) They are the most expensive strategy of finding partners. C) They first appeared in the late 19th century. D) They first appeared in newspapers and later in magazines. Answer: D Rationale: Option D is correct as personal classified advertisements for dating partners first appeared in newspapers and later expanded to magazines and online platforms, providing individuals with a means to seek potential partners outside of traditional social circles. 4) Which theory of mate-selection suggests that people sift eligible mates according to specific criteria and thus reduce the pool of potential partners to a small number of candidates? A) role theory B) filter theory C) social exchange theory D) equity theory Answer: B Rationale: Filter theory proposes that individuals filter potential mates based on specific criteria, such as age, education, or values, gradually narrowing down the pool of potential partners to a smaller number of compatible candidates, making option B the correct answer. 5) George is an African American who belongs to an upper-class, Christian family. He marries Tanya, a middle-class woman, who belongs to a Hindu family from India. Their marriage is an example of ________. A) homogamy B) heterogamy C) endogamy D) polygyny Answer: B Rationale: Heterogamy refers to marriage between individuals who differ in certain characteristics, such as race, religion, or social class. In this scenario, George and Tanya's marriage represents heterogamy as they come from different racial, religious, and social backgrounds. 6) Lauren’s parents do not approve of her decision to marry Bernard, who belongs to a lower-class. Despite their disapproval, she marries him. In this scenario, Lauren marrying Bernard is an example of________. A) endogamy B) hypogamy C) hypergamy D) bigamy Answer: B Rationale: Hypogamy occurs when an individual marries someone from a lower social or economic class than themselves. In this scenario, Lauren marrying Bernard despite her parents' disapproval due to his lower social class exemplifies hypogamy. 7) David and Amy have been dating for a year. In the relationship, David is more committed to Amy than she is to him. According to the principle of least interest, ________. A) Amy is manipulated by David B) David has lesser control than Amy C) David is less dependent than Amy D) Amy has lesser power than David Answer: B Rationale: According to the principle of least interest, the partner who is less emotionally invested or committed holds more power in the relationship. Therefore, option B, "David has lesser control than Amy," aligns with this principle, indicating that David is more emotionally invested in the relationship than Amy. 8) Which of the following is True of factors that contribute to dating violence? A) Men who commit date rape hold contemporary views of gender roles. B) Men who have stereotypical views of women’s sexual behavior are less likely to be violent. C) Adopting traditional attitudes about gender roles increase the likelihood of date violence. D) Dating violence is negligible among youth who have experienced minimal parenting. Answer: C Rationale: Option C is correct as adopting traditional attitudes about gender roles, which often include beliefs about male dominance and female subservience, can contribute to power imbalances and perceptions of entitlement in relationships, increasing the likelihood of dating violence. 9) Which of the following is a micro-level factor that contributes to breakups? A) social sanctions B) communication problems C) economic recessions D) different ethnic backgrounds Answer: B Rationale: Option B, communication problems, is a micro-level factor contributing to breakups as difficulties in communication, such as poor conflict resolution skills or lack of emotional expression, can strain relationships and lead to dissatisfaction or eventual dissolution. 10) Briefly describe the principle of least interest. Answer: Sociologist Willard Waller’s principle of least interest states that the partner who is less interested in the relationship has more power, and, as a result, more control. Conversely, the person who is very interested in continuing the relationship is more dependent, has less power, and, as a result, can be manipulated or exploited. 1) Which of the following is a manifest function of dating? A) maturation B) sexual experimentation C) socialization D) big business Answer: A Rationale: Manifest functions are the intended and recognized outcomes of social phenomena. Dating contributing to maturation, option A, aligns with this definition as it facilitates personal growth, emotional development, and the acquisition of relationship skills, all of which are fundamental aspects of maturation. 2) Though Mark has not been in a serious relationship for a while, he enjoys dating women. He lives away from his family, and dating women prevents him from feeling lonely. Dating also makes his leisure time more enjoyable by spending quality time with his dates. In this scenario, which of the following functions of dating is being fulfilled? A) mate selection B) social status C) recreation D) maturation Answer: C Rationale: The scenario describes Mark's engagement in dating as a means of recreation and leisure, enhancing his enjoyment and preventing loneliness. Option C, recreation, best describes this aspect of dating in the scenario. 3) Barry and Lorna have been dating for the last four years. Over time, they have become an integral part of each other’s lives and enjoy spending time together. This is an example of ________, a function of dating. A) social status B) companionship C) sexual intimacy D) fulfillment of ego needs Answer: B Rationale: The scenario illustrates Barry and Lorna's development of a close bond and enjoyment of each other's company over time, indicating the fulfillment of companionship, option B, as a function of dating. 4) Adrian and Jena study at the university together and have been dating for a year. Adrian began dating Jena because he wanted to have a serious and caring relationship. Which of the following functions of dating does this scenario represent? A) socialization B) fun and recreation C) social status D) love and affection Answer: D Rationale: Adrian's motivation for dating Jena reflects his desire for a serious and caring relationship, emphasizing the function of dating in fostering love and affection, option D, between individuals. 5) Mate selection is a(n) ________ function of dating. A) manifest B) covert C) implicit D) latent Answer: A Rationale: Mate selection is one of the primary and intended outcomes of dating, making it a manifest function, option A, as individuals engage in dating with the explicit purpose of finding a suitable partner. 6) Which of the following is an example of socialization, a latent function of dating? A) Tony and Johanna, who have been dating for the past six months, have a sexually intimate relationship. B) Carol was asked out on a date by Jeffrey which made her feel flattered. C) Arnold, who is dating Diana, a cheerleader, has made him more popular in school. D) Ken and Sharon talk about their families and cultures. Answer: D Rationale: Socialization involves the process of learning and internalizing societal norms, values, and behaviours through interactions with others. In the given scenario, Ken and Sharon engaging in conversations about their families and cultures exemplifies socialization, option D, as they exchange information and perspectives, contributing to their social development. 7) A latent function of dating is ________. A) mate selection B) companionship C) recreation D) fulfillment of ego needs Answer: D Rationale: Latent functions are the unintended or unrecognized outcomes of social phenomena. The fulfillment of ego needs, such as validation, self-esteem, or identity reinforcement, through dating represents a latent function, option D, as individuals may not consciously engage in dating for this purpose but still experience these psychological benefits. 8) Sexual experimentation is a(n) ________ function of dating. A) latent B) manifest C) primary D) apparent Answer: A Rationale: Sexual experimentation often occurs within the context of dating but may not be the explicit purpose of dating engagements. Therefore, it is considered a latent function, option A, as it is not the primary or intended outcome but can still occur as a result of dating interactions. 9) In Jewish communities, ________ is a rite of passage for boys which mark the end of childhood and readiness for adult responsibilities and rights. A) quinceañera B) bat mitzvah C) coming-out party D) bar mitzvah Answer: D Rationale: The bar mitzvah ceremony is a traditional Jewish rite of passage for boys, typically celebrated at the age of 13, marking their transition into adulthood and assuming religious responsibilities. 10) In Latino communities, the rite of passage that celebrates a girl's entrance into adulthood is called the ________. A) coming-out party B) quinceañera C) bat mitzvah D) bar mitzvah Answer: B Rationale: The quinceañera is a traditional celebration in Latino cultures, particularly in Spanishspeaking countries, marking a girl's 15th birthday and her transition into womanhood. 11) Which of the following is True of quinceañera? A) It is a cultural rite conducted for both girls and boys. B) A girl is allowed to date boys until a quinceañera is conducted. C) It is conducted on a girl’s fifteenth birthday. D) It is a traditional date which prevailed until the 1970s. Answer: C Rationale: The quinceañera ceremony is typically conducted on a girl's fifteenth birthday, marking her transition into womanhood and symbolizing her readiness for adult responsibilities and societal expectations. 12) Melissa and her friends often meet at the mall during weekends. They text each other and set up a time to meet. Once they meet at the mall, they decide what they want to do. This is an example of ________. A) a quinceañera B) hanging out C) getting together D) hooking up Answer: B Rationale: Hanging out typically involves informal socializing or spending time together in a casual setting without specific plans or expectations. In this scenario, Melissa and her friends gathering at the mall and deciding what to do once they meet aligns with the concept of hanging out. 13) Which of the following is a difference between hanging out and getting together? A) Hanging out is more structured than getting together. B) Getting together is a traditional form of dating, whereas hanging out is not. C) Getting together is more intimate than hanging out. D) Hanging out involves “floating,” whereas getting together does not. Answer: C Rationale: Getting together often involves a specific gathering or planned activity among friends or acquaintances, which can foster a more intimate social atmosphere compared to the informal nature of hanging out. 14) Which of the following statements about getting together is accurate? A) It is organized by females rather than males. B) It involves a group of friends who meet at someone’s house or a party. C) It refers to a short-lived casual sexual experience that involves drugs and alcohol. D) It indicates that a couple wants to become exclusive. Answer: B Rationale: Getting together typically involves social gatherings among friends or acquaintances, often in someone's home or at a party, where individuals engage in social activities and interactions. 15) Janet and her friends are planning to meet at a classmate’s birthday party over the weekend. If the party does not turn out to be a fun event, they plan to go over to Janet’s place and have a party there. Everyone in the group will pool in their money to buy alcohol and food. This scenario is an example of ________. A) a quinceañera B) hooking up C) a homecoming party D) getting together Answer: D Rationale: Janet and her friends' plan to gather at a classmate's birthday party and potentially continue the socializing at Janet's place afterward exemplifies the concept of getting together, involving a social gathering among friends for shared activities and enjoyment. 16) Getting together involves little anxiety about preparing for a formal date or initiating or rejecting sexual advances. Which of the following is a reason behind this? A) It increases parental control over the choice of friends. B) It involves spontaneous activities. C) It is less structured than hanging out. D) It involves a customary meeting place. Answer: B Rationale: Getting together often involves spontaneous or informal activities among friends, reducing the pressure or anxiety associated with formal dating rituals or expectations. 17) For adolescents, getting together is less emotionally threatening because ________. A) it involves traditional dinner dates that are scripted B) it does not involve “floating” C) the participants don’t have to worry about finding a date D) it is formal in nature Answer: C Rationale: Getting together typically involves socializing within existing friendship circles or peer groups, eliminating the need for individuals to seek out romantic partners or worry about formal dating rituals, which can reduce emotional pressure or anxiety. 18) Jeremy and Leila study in high school together. They often engage in casual sex without the expectation of a committed relationship. In this scenario, Jeremy and Leila are ________. A) hanging out B) hooking up C) getting together D) dating Answer: B Rationale: Hooking up refers to casual sexual encounters without the expectation of a committed relationship. In this scenario, Jeremy and Leila's involvement in casual sex aligns with the concept of hooking up. 19) Which of the following is True of proms? A) They are also known as hanging out. B) They are used as a medium for getting together. C) They are casual in nature. D) They are popular traditional dating events. Answer: D Rationale: Proms are formal events typically associated with traditional dating rituals, where high school students dress up, attend a dance, and often go on dates with romantic partners, making them traditional dating events. 20) Which of the following is an accurate statement about traditional dinner dates? A) They are an emerging dating trend. B) Women are more likely to initiate sexual interaction than men. C) Women tend to worry less about their appearance. D) They are highly scripted in nature. Answer: D Rationale: Traditional dinner dates often follow a structured script or set of expectations, including selecting a restaurant, dressing up, and engaging in formal conversation, making them highly scripted in nature. 21) The custom in which men and women split the costs of a date is called ________. A) hanging out B) going Dutch C) quinceañera D) getting together Answer: B Rationale: Going Dutch refers to the practice of splitting the costs of a date between both parties, reflecting a more equitable approach to dating expenses. 22) Which of the following is a dating trend in which couples spend three or more nights together but maintain separate homes? A) stayover B) coming-out C) getting together D) hanging out Answer: A Rationale: Stayover refers to a dating trend where couples spend multiple nights together but maintain separate residences. This arrangement allows for intimacy and companionship while preserving individual living spaces. 23) During a debate about dating, Walterstates that dating is less complicated among adults than teenagers. However, Juan disagrees and argues that dating is likely to be more complicated among adults. Which of the following statements, if True, is likely to support Juan’s view? A) According to studies, dating after being widowed can be therapeutic for the individual. B) Research indicates that most teenagers are interested primarily in hooking up and dating for them is not a priority. C) Adults who have been recently divorced are likely to be bitter toward the opposite sex. D) Unlike adults, teenagers engage in stayovers that help the couple know each other better. Answer: C Rationale: The statement that adults who have been recently divorced are likely to be bitter toward the opposite sex suggests that adult dating can be complicated due to emotional baggage and past experiences, supporting Juan's argument. 24) Which of the following is True of personal classified advertisements? A) They first appeared in newspapers in the early 1700s. B) They involve hiring a professional matchmaker who provides “marriage brokerage.” C) During 1700s, they were a socially accepted means to find a mate. D) They are an emerging trend of finding partners. Answer: A Rationale: Personal classified advertisements have a long history and first appeared in newspapers in the early 1700s as a method for individuals to advertise for potential partners or marriages. 25) James, a middle-aged man, found his bride through an online international service. The website posted photographs and descriptions of prospective brides. James had to choose a wife and pay a fee to the website for selecting her. This scenario is an example of the ________ industry. A) speed dating B) professional matchmaker C) mail-order bride D) classified advertisement Answer: C Rationale: The scenario describes the mail-order bride industry, where individuals, often men, select potential spouses from catalogs or online profiles and arrange marriages with them, typically involving international connections. 26) In 2006, the International Marriage Broker Regulation Act required U.S. men seeking a visa for a prospective bride to disclose any criminal convictions for domestic violence, sexual assault, or child abuse. Which of the following is a reason why the Act was not effective? A) The Act was not enforced effectively. B) Most women who are in abusive relationships report assault immediately. C) The Act received a lot of opposition from broker agencies. D) Women who are in abusive marriages believe that their families will support them in case of a break up. Answer: A Rationale: The effectiveness of the Act was limited due to ineffective enforcement, allowing some individuals with criminal histories to bypass the regulations intended to protect prospective brides from potential abuse. 27) In ________, singles attend an event where they engage in brief face-to-face interactions with several potential romantic partners. A) Internet dating B) professional matchmaking C) speed dating D) mail-order dating Answer: C Rationale: Speed dating involves singles attending events where they have short, face-to-face interactions with multiple potential romantic partners, allowing for rapid introductions and evaluations. 28) Eugene signed up for an event at a local restaurant that required him to meet several women within a short time span. During the event, he was allowed to meet and speak to each woman for a maximum of three minutes before he needed to move on to talk to the next woman. In this scenario, Eugene was engaging in ________. A) virtual dating B) professional matchmaking C) video dating D) speed dating Answer: D Rationale: Eugene's participation in an event where he met multiple women for short interactions aligns with the concept of speed dating, where individuals have brief face-to-face meetings with potential romantic partners. 29) Which of the following is an advantage of speed dating? A) Itis inexpensive. B) It guards against stalking. C) It protects identities of people. D) It allows people to spend extended amounts of time with prospective partners. Answer: A Rationale: Speed dating is often relatively inexpensive compared to other dating methods, making it accessible to a broader range of individuals interested in meeting potential romantic partners. 30) A disadvantage of speed dating is that it ________. A) is one of the most expensive dating methods B) tends to rate potential daters lesser on substantive traits and more on superficial criteria C) is very time consuming D) does not guard against stalking because the participants need to use their complete names Answer: B Rationale: One disadvantage of speed dating is that it can prioritize superficial characteristics over substantive traits, as participants may make rapid judgments based on limited interactions, potentially overlooking important compatibility factors. 31) An advantage of online dating is that ________. A) it takes into account the real-life environment surrounding the relationship B) face-to-face meetings give people a realistic picture of their compatibility C) it prevents people from being dishonest about themselves D) it allows subscribers to sift candidates based on different traits Answer: D Rationale: Online dating allows individuals to filter potential partners based on various criteria such as age, interests, education, and values, providing them with a level of control and customization in their search for compatible matches. 32) Which of the following is a drawback of online dating? A) It is not a convenient process. B) It is an expensive dating method. C) It does not allow people to arrange spur-of-the-moment dates. D) It does not collect crucial information about individuals. Answer: D Rationale: One drawback of online dating is that it may not provide comprehensive or accurate information about individuals, leading to potential misrepresentations or incomplete understandings of compatibility. 33) People aged 45 and older are the fastest-growing group of online dating service users, and those aged 55 and older are visiting online dating sites more than any other age group. Which of the following is a reason behind this? A) Older women prefer face-to-face dating over Internet dating. B) Personal classified advertisements offer their clients a lot of privacy. C) The youngest baby boomers who turned 65 in 2011 are looking for new mates. D) A majority of people in the age group of 40-60 years find online dating time consuming. Answer: C Rationale: The increasing usage of online dating among older adults, particularly baby boomers, can be attributed to their desire for companionship and new relationships as they enter retirement or experience life transitions. 34) Jeremy married Sarah, who belongs to the same ethnic group as him. Additionally, she is a Christian like him. In this scenario, Jeremy is engaging in ________. A) bigamy B) homogamy C) hypergamy D) exogamy Answer: B Rationale: Homogamy refers to the tendency of individuals to marry partners who share similar characteristics such as ethnicity, religion, education, or socioeconomic status. 35) Calvin, who is thirty years old, is ready to settle down and get married. When he meets single women, he makes a mental note of their education, cultural values, and interests. This helps him narrow down a group of women to a small number of prospective partners. Which of the following theories explains Calvin's process of finding a spouse? A) conflict theory B) social exchange theory C) equity theory D) filter theory Answer: D Rationale: Calvin's process of filtering potential partners based on specific criteria aligns with the filter theory, which suggests that individuals sift through eligible mates according to various criteria, gradually narrowing down the pool of potential partners. 36) Propinquity, one of the filters in the filter theory, refers to ________. A) geographic closeness B) physical appearance C) ethnicity and race D) social class Answer: A Rationale: Propinquity refers to physical or geographic closeness, suggesting that individuals are more likely to meet and interact with potential partners who are nearby or in close proximity to them. 37) According to the filter theory, propinquity limits whom we meet, get to know, interact with, and marry. Which of the following, if True, supports this statement? A) Trends show that men and women choose partners whose physical attractiveness is similar to their own. B) Men seek younger women because they want to have children. C) Studies show that the U.S. culture tends to make people’s dating preferences and behavior more heterogamous. D) Research indicates that 39 percent of U.S. workers have dated a coworker. Answer: D Rationale: The statement that 39 percent of U.S. workers have dated a coworker supports the idea that propinquity influences partner selection, as individuals are more likely to form relationships with those they regularly encounter in their social or work environments. 38) According to the ________, attractive people are assumed to possess other desirable social characteristics such as warmth, sexual responsiveness, kindness, poise, sociability, and good character. A) butterfly effect B) domino effect C) halo effect D) snowball effect Answer: C Rationale: The halo effect posits that individuals perceive physically attractive people as possessing other positive traits, regardless of whether these traits are accurate or not, due to the initial positive impression created by their attractiveness. 39) ________ refers to marrying up to a higher social class. A) Hypergamy B) Endogamy C) Polygamy D) Hypogamy Answer: A Rationale: Hypergamy refers to the practice of marrying someone of a higher social class, status, or wealth, which can be motivated by desires for upward social mobility or access to resources. 40) People who have traditional values about gender roles consider________important. A) religiosity B) exogamy C) polyandry D) hypogamy Answer: A Rationale: Traditional values about gender roles often emphasize religiosity, with individuals valuing adherence to religious beliefs and practices as important criteria in partner selection 41) Maria, a Latin American, is engaged to Leon, an African American. Despite their different backgrounds, they consider themselves to be suitable for each other. This scenario is an example of ________. A) interdating B) polygamy C) interfaith relationship D) homogamy Answer: A Rationale: Interdating refers to dating or marrying someone from a different racial, ethnic, or cultural background. In this scenario, Maria and Leon's relationship crosses ethnic boundaries, making it an example of interdating. 42) Jake has been conducting a study on dating trends of people from different ethnic communities. He finds that Asians are less likely to interdate than African Americans. Which of the following statements, if True, is likely to support his view? A) Research indicates that the better educated women are, the less likely they are to meet people who match their credentials. B) Asian women are less likely to engage in homogamy than African American women. C) Asian men have higher intermarriage rates than African American and Latino men. D) The recent influx of Asian immigrants has expanded Asian men’s pool of eligible mates. Answer: D Rationale: The statement that the recent influx of Asian immigrants has expanded Asian men’s pool of eligible mates supports the view that Asians are less likely to interdate, as it suggests that increased cultural diversity among Asian communities may reduce the need or desire to interdate. 43) The ________ theory states that people will begin and remain in a relationship if the rewards are higher than the costs. A) social exchange B) filter C) stability D) equity Answer: A Rationale: The social exchange theory posits that individuals engage in and maintain relationships if the benefits or rewards outweigh the costs. It emphasizes the rational calculation of rewards and costs in relationship decision-making. 44) Which of the following is True of heterogamy? A) It ensures that people marry within their social class so that they can pass down their wealth to a kin group. B) It encourages racism among people. C) It is thriving because people do not have potential marriage mates in their own social group. D) It involves marriage between cousins. Answer: C Rationale: Heterogamy refers to marriage between individuals who are dissimilar in terms of characteristics such as race, ethnicity, education, or socioeconomic status. It may thrive when individuals do not find suitable marriage partners within their own social group, leading them to seek partners outside of their immediate social circles. 45) Which of the following is True of date violence? A) It tends to occur primarily when youth experience extensive parenting. B) It is most common among youth who had poor relationships with their parents. C) Adopting traditional attitudes about gender roles reduces the likelihood of date violence. D) It is more likely to be undertaken by individuals who did not witness adult violence in their childhood. Answer: B Rationale: Date violence is more common among youth who had poor relationships with their parents because dysfunctional family dynamics or lack of parental support may contribute to behavioral problems or aggression in youth. 46) Very few women and men report dating violence. Which of the following is a reason behind this? A) They oppose traditional gender roles. B) They grew up in violent homes. C) They consider dating aggression as abnormal. D) They blame their partners for their violent actions. Answer: B Rationale: Growing up in violent homes can desensitize individuals to violence or normalize abusive behavior, leading them to underreport instances of dating violence or perceive such behavior as acceptable or expected. 47) Leon and Maria have been married for five years. Due to an economic recession, Leon has lost his job and is unable to support the family. Lately, they have been having regular arguments about Leon’s unemployment. Which of the following reasons is a reason for their arguments? A) societal reasons B) individual reasons C) cultural reasons D) structural reasons Answer: D Rationale: Structural reasons, such as economic recession and unemployment, contribute to stress and strain within relationships, leading to conflicts or arguments about financial stability or insecurity. 48) Charlie believes that women are less likely to be affected by breakups when compared to men. However, James states that both men and women are equally affected by breakups. Which of the following statements, if True, is likely to weaken Charlie’s argument? A) Societies consider men to be more socially acceptable if they are in a romantic relationship. B) Studies have shown that women are less likely to be affected by losing a relationship when compared to men. C) Women are depressed after a breakup because many women’s self-worth is tied to having a boyfriend. D) People who have fewer resources to exchange in the marriage market are more upset by dating breakups. D) Answer: C Rationale: The statement that women are depressed after a breakup because many women’s selfworth is tied to having a boyfriend weakens Charlie’s argument by suggesting that women may experience significant emotional distress or self-esteem issues following a breakup, similar to men. 49) Research indicates that people with good impression management skills are less likely to engage in intimate communication. Which of the following, if True, is likely to support this finding? A) People who are good at monitoring their behavior usually mask their True feelings to avoid conflict. B) People with good impression management skills are often outspoken and say things that upset others. C) People with more self-monitoring skills tend to achieve long-term happiness in their romantic relationships. D) Studies have shown that good impression management skills help people be better communicators. Answer: A Rationale: Good impression management skills often involve self-monitoring behavior to control or manipulate social impressions, which may hinder genuine or intimate communication by inhibiting emotional expression or authenticity. 50) Peter believes that people are likely to be emotionally unstable after a breakup and it creates feelings of depression and doubts about future relationships. However, Stanley finds that breaking up can have positive consequences. Which of the following statements, if True, is likely to support Stanley’s view? A) Disagreements and conflict are part and parcel of ending any dating relationship. B) People in committed relationships tend to be happier than those who are single. C) Breaking up a dating or cohabiting relationship is less complicated than breaking up a marriage. D) Ending a dating relationship provides prospects to find a mate who may be more suitable for marriage. Answer: D Rationale: The statement that ending a dating relationship provides prospects to find a mate who may be more suitable for marriage supports Stanley’s view by suggesting that breakups can lead to opportunities for personal growth, self-reflection, and finding better-suited partners. 51) Describe two manifest functions of dating. Answer: Dating has several manifest functions. Some of these are as follows: Maturation: Dating sends the message that an adolescent is reaching puberty. She or he becomes capable of engaging in developmental tasks such as emotional intimacy outside the family and, often, sexual expression. Love and affection: Dating is a socially accepted way to enjoy intimacy. Both women and men say that they initiated a date because they were in love or wanted a caring and serious relationship. 52) What is a traditional date? Explain. Answer: In traditional dating, males and females follow clear, culturally defined gender role scripts, at least among the middle classes. Both women and men expect the man to take control, including initiating the date, deciding where to go, picking up the woman, paying for the date, and taking her home. The expectation is unstated, but members of both sexes often assume that the woman will show her gratitude in some way—usually through a goodnight kiss, making out, or intercourse. 53) Explain how hooking up is different from getting together. Answer: Hooking up is a casual sexual encounter with no strings attached. After an initial hookup, partners may hook up again or, in some cases, start dating and become exclusive couples. In contrast, getting together involves a group of friends who meet at someone’s house or a party. Getting together relieves females of sexual pressure because they may help organize the get-together, share in the expenses, and come alone or with friends. 54) What are stayovers? What are some of its advantages? Answer: Stayovers is an emerging dating trend in which couples spend three or more nights together but maintain separate homes. It’s a middle ground between casual dating and more formal commitments such as moving in together or getting married. The benefits include maintaining control over the pace of the relationship and possessions if there’s a breakup. 55) What are some of the benefits of speed dating? Answer: Speed dating has several benefits. It’s inexpensive and takes little time. It also guards against stalking because the participants use only their first names, usually draws people from the same region, and avoids the awkwardness of blind dates. 56) Charles, a researcher, finds that a relationship can be intimate only if both partners are equally happy and find the relationship mutually satisfying. Which mate-selection theory is Charles’s finding based on? What are some of the propositions of this theory? Answer: Charles’s finding is based on the equity theory. The equity theory is an extension of the social exchange theory. It states that an intimate relationship is satisfying and stable if both partners see it as equitable and mutually beneficial. Equity theory advances several basic propositions: First, the greater the perceived equity, the happier the relationship. Second, when people find themselves in an inequitable relationship, they become distressed. The greater the inequity, the greater the distress. Third, people in an inequitable relationship will attempt to eliminate their distress by restoring equity. 57) In some Middle Eastern, Asian, and Mediterranean cultures, the bride’s family is expected to pay a large monetary sum for the privilege of marrying her into the bridegroom’s family. Identify and explain the concept represented in this scenario. Answer: In some Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and Asian societies, a dowry—the money, goods, or property that a woman brings to a marriage—is an important factor in mate selection and marriage. Women with large dowries can attract the best suitors. If the bride’s family fails to meet dowry expectations, their newlywed daughter may face crushing responsibilities in her new household, violence, and even death. 58) How is the concept of bride price different from dowry? Explain. Answer: A dowry is a payment by the family of a bride. In contrast, a bride price is the required payment by a groom’s family. The payment of bride price varies from a few cattle to thousands of dollars. Dowry, on the other hand, can include money, goods, or property that a woman brings to a marriage. 59) Explain the concept of homogamy with the help of an example. What are some of the benefits of homogamy? Answer: Homogamy refers to dating or marrying someone with similar social characteristics, such as ethnicity and age. Marriage between cousins is an example of homogamy. Homogamy has its advantages. In India—where 70 percent marry within their own caste—homogamous mate selection ensures that people marry within their social class and can pass down their wealth to a kin group. In both India and Turkey, homogamy ensures strong and continuing family ties. 60) How do arranged marriages increase solidarity between families and kinship groups? Answer: In arranged marriages, the family or community is more important than the individual. In many cultures, the most important obligation of parents is to help their children find a suitable spouse, settle down, and have a family. Thus, such marriages increase solidarity between families, kinship groups, clans, and tribes. Test Bank for Marriages and Families Nijole V Benokraitis 9780205957224, 9780134736150
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