Chapter 7
1. Having strong ______________ ties with friends, neighbors, co-workers, and others
improves the quality of our life in multiple ways.
a. personal
b. social
c. relational
d. friendly
Answer: b
Rationale:
Social ties encompass a broader range of relationships beyond just personal or friendly
connections. These ties involve interactions with various social groups and play a significant
role in shaping our well-being and sense of belonging within society.
2. Which theory says that each of us is born with a drive to seek, form, maintain, and protect
strong social relationships?
a. Need to belong
b. Social relationship
c. Social exchange
d. Interaction
Answer: a
Rationale:
The "Need to belong" theory posits that humans have an inherent motivation to form and
maintain social connections. This theory highlights the fundamental importance of social
relationships for individuals' psychological well-being.
3. Which of the following is one of the reasons why solitary confinement is considered such a
harsh punishment for prisoners?
a. Interacting only with people for whom we have no real feelings is unrewarding.
b. Most of us aren’t satisfied if we have emotionally close relationships with people we don’t
get to see.
c. Being cut off from social interaction can be physically and psychologically devastating.
d. We develop many of our important relationships in face-to-face contexts.
Answer: c
Rationale:
Solitary confinement deprives individuals of social interaction, which is crucial for
maintaining mental health and well-being. The absence of social contact can lead to severe
psychological distress and even long-term mental health issues.
4. Which statement is TRUE about relationships formed online?
a. We develop our most important and significant relationships in face-to-face contexts, not
online.
b. People who develop relationships online are stigmatized as lacking self-confidence and
social skills.
c. Our need to belong can be met entirely through online relationships.
d. Online relationships are often just as close and involve just as frequent communication as
our face-to-face relationships do.
Answer: d
Rationale:
Online relationships can be just as meaningful and significant as face-to-face relationships,
with individuals forming close bonds and maintaining regular communication through
various online platforms.
5. Lydia maintains her Facebook page, posting updates regularly and commenting on her
friends’ posts. She also IMs and e-mails the same group of friends. She maintains her most
important friendships not only in person, but online as well. What motivates Lydia’s use of
communication technology?
a. Relational wants
b. Need to belong
c. Interaction needs
d. Social skills
Answer: b
Rationale:
Lydia's use of communication technology, such as Facebook and instant messaging, is
motivated by her need to belong, indicating her desire to maintain and strengthen social
connections with her friends both online and offline.
6. Which of the following is NOT a major reason adolescents use instant messaging?
a. Breaking up with someone
b. Making plans with friends
c. Keeping track of social life
d. Playing a trick on someone
Answer: c
Rationale:
Instant messaging is commonly used by adolescents for various purposes, including
communication related to relationships, social events, and even practical matters. However, it
is less likely to be used specifically for keeping track of one's social life, as this function can
be fulfilled through other means such as social media platforms.
7. _________________ means using the Internet to inflict emotional or psychological harm
on someone.
a. Bullying
b. Bully-texting
c. Online bullying
d. Cyberbullying
Answer: d
Rationale:
Cyberbullying refers to the use of electronic communication to harass, intimidate, or harm
others psychologically. This form of bullying often takes place through social media,
messaging apps, or other online platforms.
8. In 2010, high school student Phoebe Prince endured weeks of classmates allegedly calling
her “Irish whore” online and using posts on Facebook to encourage Phoebe to kill herself. By
all reports, Phoebe became scared to be alone at school or to walk alone. Tragically, as a
result of this ________________, Phoebe committed suicide by hanging herself.
a. cyberbullying
b. bullying
c. negative behavior
d. miscommunication
Answer: a
Rationale:
Phoebe's experience aligns with the definition of cyberbullying, as she faced relentless
harassment and psychological abuse through online channels, which ultimately contributed to
her tragic decision to take her own life.
9. Social relationships bring us what three types of rewards?
a. Emotional, material, and relational
b. Relational, material, and health
c. Emotional, psychological, and health
d. Emotional, material, and health
Answer: d
Rationale:
Social relationships provide individuals with emotional support, material assistance, and
contribute to overall well-being and health outcomes, highlighting the multifaceted rewards
associated with interpersonal connections.
10. Sydney is getting ready to have a baby. Though she is very excited, she is also a bit
nervous and doesn’t know what to expect. Sydney’s friends throw her a surprise baby shower,
where they celebrate her upcoming arrival and reassure her that all will go well. Sydney’s
friends are providing what kinds of rewards by supporting and celebrating with her?
a. Emotional
b. Health
c. Material
d. Physiological
Answer: a
Rationale:
Sydney's friends are offering emotional support by celebrating her upcoming arrival and
reassuring her during a time of uncertainty and nervousness. This emotional support helps to
alleviate stress and promote well-being during significant life events.
11. Examples of ___________ rewards include empathy, support, and happiness.
a. health
b. relational
c. emotional
d. material
Answer: c
Rationale:
Emotional rewards refer to the positive feelings and support we receive from social
relationships, such as empathy, understanding, and happiness. These rewards are not tangible
or physical in nature but contribute significantly to our overall well-being and satisfaction in
relationships.
12. Tara is moving to a new apartment across town. Several of her friends come with their
trucks and help her move her belongings to her new place. They stay to help her unpack and
get settled as well. Tara is experiencing what type of rewards from her friendships?
a. Health
b. Material
c. Emotional
d. Task
Answer: b
Rationale:
Tara is experiencing material rewards from her friendships because her friends are providing
tangible assistance in the form of physical help with moving her belongings and settling into
her new apartment. Material rewards in friendships include practical support such as help
with tasks, lending possessions, or providing financial assistance.
13. When we experience _______________ rewards, our needs for items such as money,
food, and shelter are being met by our social relationships.
a. material
b. health
c. basic
d. task
Answer: a
Rationale:
Material rewards refer to the fulfillment of basic needs such as money, food, and shelter
through social relationships. These rewards involve tangible or physical support that directly
contributes to meeting our basic survival needs.
14. Research suggests that close relationships help people manage the negative effects of
stress because social relationships bring ______________ rewards.
a. material
b. basic
c. health
d. personal
Answer: c
Rationale:
Close relationships provide health rewards by offering emotional support, companionship,
and a sense of belonging, which help individuals cope with stress and promote physical and
psychological well-being. These rewards contribute to stress reduction and overall health
maintenance.
15. Social relationships carry ___________ as well as rewards.
a. needs
b. problems
c. wants
d. costs
Answer: d
Rationale:
Social relationships entail costs as well as rewards. Costs may include time, effort,
compromises, and sacrifices made in maintaining relationships. These costs are inherent in
any social interaction and must be balanced against the rewards to sustain healthy
relationships.
16. Which of the following is NOT an example of a cost in a social relationship?
a. The expense involved in going on a road trip with friends
b. Having friends listen to you talk about what’s going on in your life
c. The time spent with a friend
d. Helping a friend move to his new apartment
Answer: b
Rationale:
Having friends listen to you talk about what’s going on in your life is not considered a cost in
a social relationship; instead, it's typically seen as a benefit or a form of support. Costs in
social relationships typically involve tangible sacrifices, such as time, money, or effort.
17. Which theory explains why individuals are drawn to others?
a. Social exchange
b. Relational maintenance
c. Attraction
d. Uncertainty reduction
Answer: c
Rationale:
The theory of attraction explains why individuals are drawn to others based on factors such as
physical appearance, personality traits, similarity, and proximity. This theory explores the
mechanisms underlying interpersonal attraction and the reasons why people form social
bonds.
18. If you like your new classmate because of her funny and bright personality, you are
experiencing ________ attraction.
a. social
b. task
c. physical
d. interpersonal
Answer: a
Rationale:
Social attraction refers to liking someone based on their personality traits, humor,
intelligence, or other social characteristics. It involves a connection at the interpersonal level
rather than being purely physical or task-oriented.
19. Cameron really likes his new roommate, Tom. Tom is clean, always picks up after
himself, and pitches in when it is time to cook dinner. Cameron also appreciates that Tom is a
great karaoke partner when they go to the karaoke bar on Tuesday nights. Cameron is
experiencing which type of attraction to Tom?
a. Social
b. Physical
c. Interpersonal
d. Task
Answer: d
Rationale:
Cameron is experiencing task attraction to Tom because he appreciates Tom's qualities and
behaviors related to practical tasks or activities, such as cleanliness, cooperation in cooking
dinner, and being a good karaoke partner. Task attraction is based on shared activities and
responsibilities rather than purely social or physical factors.
20. Because humans are visually oriented, we are attracted by _______________, which
often motivates us to get to know someone better.
a. appearance
b. similarity
c. complementarity
d. proximity
Answer: a
Rationale:
Humans are often attracted by physical appearance, as visual cues play a significant role in
initial attraction and motivation to pursue further interaction or relationship development.
Appearance serves as a primary factor in sparking interest and curiosity about others.
21. We’re more likely to form attraction, particularly social and task attraction, with people
we see often because we are attracted by
a. appearance.
b. similarity.
c. complementarity.
d. proximity.
Answer: d
Rationale:
Proximity refers to physical or geographical closeness. The mere exposure effect, a
psychological phenomenon, suggests that people tend to develop a preference for things or
individuals they are frequently exposed to. This means that the more we encounter someone,
the more likely we are to develop an attraction to them, regardless of their appearance,
similarity, or complementarity.
22. Amy’s daughter has been attending a particular preschool for two years. Amy has formed
bonds with many of the other mothers in her daughter’s class. They have regular play dates
and even a few “ladies’ nights” without the children. Amy genuinely enjoys the time she
spends with the other mothers. What most likely attracts her to the other mothers?
a. Complementarity
b. Proximity
c. Appearance
d. Lifestyle
Answer: b
Rationale:
Proximity plays a significant role in forming social bonds. In this scenario, Amy has formed
connections with other mothers due to the repeated exposure and physical closeness
facilitated by their children attending the same preschool. This proximity has likely led to the
development of social bonds and shared experiences, contributing to Amy's enjoyment of
spending time with the other mothers.
23. Which word best encompasses the idea that we are attracted to others who are like us?
a. Appearance
b. Complementarity
c. Similarity
d. Proximity
Answer: c
Rationale:
Similarity is the concept that individuals are drawn to others who share common
characteristics or traits with them. This similarity can encompass various aspects such as
attitudes, beliefs, values, interests, and backgrounds. People often find comfort and attraction
in those who resemble them, leading to the formation of bonds and relationships.
24. The saying “opposites attract” might seem true because we are attracted by
a. Proximity
b. Appearance
c. Complementarity
d. Similarity
Answer: c
Rationale:
The phrase "opposites attract" suggests that individuals are drawn to those who possess traits
or characteristics that complement their own. While similarity is often a significant factor in
attraction, complementarity suggests that differences between individuals can also contribute
to attraction by providing balance or filling in gaps in each other's personalities or abilities.
25. Numerous studies have shown that in general we find ______________ to be more
attractive than complementarities.
a. proximity
b. appearance
c. task orientations
d. similarities
Answer: d
Rationale:
Research in social psychology consistently indicates that similarity is a stronger predictor of
attraction than complementarity. People tend to be more attracted to others who share
commonalities with them, such as attitudes, values, and interests, rather than those who
possess complementary traits or characteristics.
26. Culture has the strongest influence on how we define _____________ attractiveness.
a. social
b. physical
c. interpersonal
d. task
Answer: b
Rationale:
Culture significantly shapes societal norms and standards regarding physical attractiveness.
Different cultures may prioritize certain physical features or characteristics over others,
leading to variations in perceptions of attractiveness. Media, cultural practices, and societal
ideals play pivotal roles in shaping these standards of physical attractiveness within specific
cultural contexts.
27. In 2006, pop star Ashlee Simpson underwent rhinoplasty to have the size and shape of her
nose reduced. Though she denied having surgery for a while, Simpson ultimately told Us
Weekly in 2008, “I used to look at a beautiful girl on the cover of a magazine and think I
could never be that. … I like to get dressed up now, and that’s something I’ve never been into
before.” Simpson appeared to have believed a larger nose improved her ____________
attractiveness.
a. social
b. interpersonal
c. physical
d. task
Answer: c
Rationale:
Physical attractiveness refers to the perception of one's physical appearance as appealing or
desirable. In Ashlee Simpson's case, her decision to undergo rhinoplasty indicates her belief
that altering the size and shape of her nose would enhance her physical attractiveness, as she
felt her original nose detracted from her appearance.
28. When you first meet someone, _____________ theory suggests you will find your lack of
information about that person to be unpleasant, so you’ll be motivated to find out more
information.
a. uncertainty reduction
b. attraction
c. relational maintenance
d. social exchange
Answer: a
Rationale:
Uncertainty reduction theory posits that individuals are motivated to reduce uncertainty about
others during initial interactions. Uncertainty about a person can lead to discomfort or
anxiety, prompting individuals to seek information to mitigate uncertainty and establish
predictability in social interactions.
29. Arwan thinks his classmate Jasmine is attractive. He invites her for coffee after class,
where they discuss basic information, such as what they like to do and where they live. They
spend more time together over a period of several months, and Arwan learns more personal
information about Jasmine. He also gets to know what she is thinking or feeling simply by
observing her nonverbal cues such as the tone of her voice or her facial expressions. He finds
himself liking Jasmine the more he learns about her. Which theory best represents Arwan’s
experience?
a. Attraction
b. Uncertainty reduction
c. Social exchange
d. Relational maintenance
Answer: b
Rationale:
Arwan's experience aligns with uncertainty reduction theory, as he initially finds Jasmine
attractive but seeks to reduce uncertainty about her by spending time together and learning
more about her. As he gains more information and becomes familiar with Jasmine's thoughts,
feelings, and nonverbal cues, his attraction towards her increases, illustrating the theory's
principles.
30. Liking your brother’s best friend the more you get to know him is a reflection of the
______________ theory.
a. social exchange
b. relational maintenance
c. uncertainty reduction
d. attraction
Answer: c
Rationale:
Uncertainty reduction theory explains how individuals' liking or attraction towards others can
increase as they gather more information and reduce uncertainty about them. In this scenario,
the more the person gets to know their brother's best friend, the more they reduce uncertainty
about him, leading to an increase in liking or attraction over time.
31. The guiding principle of ______________ theory is that people seek to maintain
relationships in which their benefits outweigh their costs.
a. social exchange
b. equity
c. uncertainty reduction
d. relational maintenance
Answer: a
Rationale:
Social exchange theory posits that individuals engage in relationships based on the principle
of maximizing benefits and minimizing costs. This theory suggests that people weigh the
rewards and costs of a relationship, seeking to maintain those where benefits exceed costs.
Therefore, the guiding principle aligns with social exchange theory.
32. If you believe that friends should always be there for you and support you even if they
disagree with your decisions, that is your _______________ for friendship.
a. social exchange
b. equity
c. comparison level for alternatives
d. comparison level
Answer: d
Rationale:
The comparison level (option d) refers to an individual's expectation of what they should
receive in a relationship based on their past experiences and social norms. In this scenario,
the belief that friends should always provide support aligns with the comparison level, as it
reflects the individual's expectation for friendship dynamics.
33. Shannon and Emilio have been dating for three months. Though Shannon is happy with
Emilio and she feels he treats her very well, she is excited to hear through the grapevine that
Travis is also interested in her. Shannon finds Travis more attractive and exciting than Emilio,
and after some thought, breaks up with Emilio to date Travis. Shannon most likely used her
_____________ to make the decision.
a. comparison level
b. conscience
c. comparison level for alternatives
d. equity theory
Answer: c
Rationale:
The comparison level for alternatives (option c) refers to the standard by which individuals
evaluate the desirability of available relationship alternatives. In this scenario, Shannon
compares Emilio to Travis, indicating that she is considering alternatives and ultimately
chooses based on her comparison level for alternatives.
34. Your _____________ for a particular relationship can strongly influence how satisfied
you are in that relationship.
a. happiness
b. comparison level
c. comparison level for alternatives
d. social exchange
Answer: b
Rationale:
The comparison level (option b) refers to an individual's expectations and standards for a
relationship. A higher comparison level indicates higher expectations for benefits and lower
tolerance for costs, potentially leading to higher satisfaction if those expectations are met.
Thus, the comparison level strongly influences satisfaction in a relationship.
35. Gia’s best friend Michelle can be very critical. More often than not, she is angry with Gia,
or is ignoring her. Despite her other friends’ repeated pleas to end the abusive relationship,
Gia sticks it out. Though she finds Michelle’s behavior hurtful, she can’t reconcile this
behavior with the fact that Michelle can be kind and thoughtful as well. She also believes that
Michelle understands her better than anyone else. Which theory provides an explanation for
why Gia maintains a relationship that appears to others to be too costly?
a. Social exchange
b. Attraction
c. Equity
d. Uncertainty reduction
Answer: a
Rationale:
Social exchange theory (option a) suggests that individuals assess the costs and benefits of a
relationship. In this case, Gia perceives benefits in Michelle's kindness and understanding,
despite the costs of her critical behavior. Gia's decision to maintain the relationship despite its
apparent costliness aligns with the principles of social exchange theory.
36. What theory maintains that a good relationship is one in which your ratio of costs and
rewards is equal to your partner’s.
a. Social exchange
b. Attraction
c. Equity
d. Uncertainty reduction
Answer: c
Rationale:
Equity theory (option c) posits that individuals strive for fairness and equality in their
relationships. A key concept is the balance between costs and rewards for both parties
involved. Therefore, a good relationship, according to equity theory, is characterized by a
balance where the ratio of costs and rewards is equal between partners.
37. Stavros and Craig have been friends and roommates for many years. Lately, Stavros has
been feeling dissatisfied in the relationship. He notices that Craig discusses his personal
problems, but he never seems to have time to listen to Stavros’s problems. Craig has a
tendency not to clean up after himself, and he’s quick to borrow “a few bucks,” but never
seems to repay the money. According to equity theory, Stavros is feeling dissatisfied in the
relationship because he is
a. over-benefitted.
b. over-looked.
c. under-looked.
d. under-benefitted.
Answer: d
Rationale:
According to equity theory (option d), dissatisfaction arises when individuals perceive an
imbalance between their contributions (costs) and rewards compared to their partner's
contributions and rewards. In this scenario, Stavros feels under-benefitted because he
perceives that he contributes more in terms of listening and cleanliness compared to what he
receives from Craig.
38. Once you’ve formed a relationship with someone and you are both satisfied with its costs
and rewards, you’ll want to keep the relationship strong so it can grow and thrive, according
to ______________ theory.
a. social exchange
b. relational maintenance
c. attraction
d. equity
Answer: b
Rationale:
Relational maintenance theory (option b) focuses on the strategies and behaviors individuals
employ to keep relationships strong and thriving. This theory suggests that once satisfaction
is achieved through balancing costs and rewards (as described in social exchange theory),
individuals engage in relational maintenance behaviors to nurture and sustain the relationship.
39. Lucie and Sophie have been best friends for so many years that they know one another’s
families, co-workers, and other friends. They are equally welcome in all circles. Lucie and
Sophie have used what relational maintenance behavior?
a. Convergence
b. Sharing tasks
c. Assurance
d. Openness
Answer: a
Rationale:
Convergence (option a) in relational maintenance involves the process of adapting to each
other over time, becoming more similar in attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. Lucie and
Sophie's ability to integrate into each other's social circles and be equally welcome
demonstrates the use of convergence as a relational maintenance behavior.
40. If you don’t hesitate to give your friend a ride to school when her car breaks down
because you know she would do the same for you, you are engaging in what relational
maintenance behavior?
a. Convergence
b. Assurance
c. Social networking
d. Sharing tasks
Answer: d
Rationale:
Sharing tasks (option d) involves the distribution of responsibilities and support within a
relationship. In this scenario, providing a ride to school exemplifies sharing tasks, as it
involves practical assistance reciprocated within the friendship dynamic.
41. Which of the following is NOT one of the five relational maintenance behaviors?
a. Positivity
b. Assurances
c. Support
d. Openness
Answer: c
Rationale:
Relational maintenance behaviors typically include positivity, assurances, openness, social
networks, and sharing tasks. Support is not typically listed as one of the primary relational
maintenance behaviors.
42. Which of the following describes the act of intentionally giving others information about
ourselves that we believe to be true, but we think they don’t already have?
a. Social penetration
b. Self-disclosure
c. Social disclosure
d. Self-revelation
Answer: b
Rationale:
Self-disclosure is the act of intentionally revealing information about oneself to others that
they do not already have. It involves sharing personal thoughts, feelings, experiences, or
opinions.
43. If during your speech you reveal to the class your mother died of cancer, you have used
which of the following?
a. Self-disclosure
b. Openness
c. Trust
d. Revelation
Answer: a
Rationale:
Self-disclosure involves revealing personal information to others intentionally. In this
scenario, sharing the fact about one's mother's death would be an example of self-disclosure.
44. When McKenzie has a glass of wine, she has a tendency to share things with her friends
she does not mean to share. The last time they went out, McKenzie told them some
embarrassing details of her teenage years, and she was mortified when they teased her about
it the next day. Why does McKenzie’s sharing of this information not count as selfdisclosure?
a. It varies in breadth and depth.
b. It is not intentional.
c. It is not truthful.
d. It varies among relationships.
Answer: b
Rationale:
Self-disclosure requires intentionality, meaning the person knowingly shares information
about themselves. McKenzie's sharing under the influence of alcohol is not intentional, hence
it does not qualify as self-disclosure.
45. ___________ theory is a good illustration of how self-disclosure over time is like peeling
away the layers of an onion: each self-disclosure helps us to learn more about the person.
a. Equity
b. Relational maintenance
c. Social exchange
d. Social penetration
Answer: d
Rationale:
Social penetration theory, developed by Altman and Taylor, describes how self-disclosure in
relationships deepens over time, akin to peeling away layers of an onion to reveal more about
oneself.
46. Kevin and Lily are classmates and have known each other for a few semesters. They meet
frequently for lunch after classes and they talk about a wide range of topics. However, Kevin
has noticed that Lily likes to gossip, sharing others’ secrets with him. He is guarded with how
much information he shares with her, for fear she will share it with others. According to
social penetration theory, Kevin’s self-disclosure has ___________ but not depth.
a. variety
b. range
c. breadth
d. difference
Answer: c
Rationale:
Social penetration theory distinguishes between breadth (the range of topics discussed) and
depth (the intimacy or personal significance of the topics discussed). In Kevin's case, he
shares a variety of topics with Lily (breadth) but avoids deeper, more personal disclosures
due to fear of gossip.
47. Breadth and depth are two important components of _______________ theory.
a. social penetration
b. relational maintenance
c. attraction
d. social exchange
Answer: a
Rationale:
Social penetration theory emphasizes the importance of both breadth (the range of topics) and
depth (the intimacy or personal significance) of self-disclosure in relationships.
48. Acquaintanceships with casual friends at work or school could be characterized by
breadth of disclosure but very little depth; however, close friendships involve a higher degree
of both breadth and depth. Which statement best explains why this is?
a. Self-disclosure is usually reciprocal.
b. Self-disclosure is influenced by cultural and gender roles.
c. Self-disclosure is intentional.
d. Self-disclosure varies among relationships.
Answer: d
Rationale:
Self-disclosure varies among relationships, meaning that the depth and breadth of disclosure
depend on the level of intimacy and trust within that specific relationship.
49. Zach discloses very personal medical information to his therapist, yet does not expect the
therapist to confide in him. However, when he discloses to his friends, he does expect them to
share information with him in exchange for his disclosures. What norm do Zach’s
expectations about disclosure reflect?
a. Norm of return
b. Norm of reciprocity
c. Norm of social exchange
d. Norm of sharing
Answer: b
Rationale:
Zach's expectations about reciprocal disclosure with friends reflect the norm of reciprocity,
wherein individuals expect others to disclose information in response to their own
disclosures.
50. Li Ming is sometimes offended by her American’s friends’ easy and open self-disclosure.
In her family in China, discretion is valued, and she wouldn’t be comfortable disclosing
personal information to anyone except a family member or romantic partner. Li Ming is
discovering that self-disclosure
a. is influenced by cultural roles.
b. varies among relationships.
c. varies in breadth and depth.
d. is intentional.
Answer: a
Rationale:
Li Ming's discomfort with her American friends' open self-disclosure highlights the influence
of cultural roles on self-disclosure practices. Different cultures may have varying norms and
expectations regarding what is appropriate to disclose and to whom.
51. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of self-disclosure?
a. Emotional release
b. Reciprocity
c. Professional development
d. Assistance to others
Answer: c
Rationale:
Self-disclosure can offer benefits such as emotional release, reciprocity (strengthening of
relationships through mutual sharing), and assistance to others by providing them with insight
or support. However, professional development typically does not directly result from selfdisclosure in personal relationships.
52. Sometimes the best part of self-disclosing is just the feeling of “getting something off
your chest,” which could be described as what kind of benefit?
a. Reciprocity
b. Emotional release
c. Enhancement of trust
d. Assistance to others
Answer: b
Rationale:
"Getting something off your chest" typically refers to experiencing emotional release, where
sharing one's thoughts or feelings can alleviate psychological burdens or stress.
53. When Mason’s father dies, he feels alone, despite being surrounded by family and friends.
He thinks no one understands how he feels, being without a father. After the funeral, Mason’s
friend Jayden pulls him aside to share with him how his own father died two years ago.
Mason feels reassured that he is not alone and that Jayden can truly understand how he feels.
In this instance, Jayden used self-disclosure as __________ Mason.
a. enhancement to the relationship with
b. reciprocity with
c. emotional release for
d. assistance to
Answer: d
Rationale:
Jayden's act of sharing his own experience with losing his father serves as assistance to
Mason by providing him with understanding and support during a difficult time.
54. Which of the following is a risk of self-disclosure?
a. Reciprocity
b. Emotional release
c. Obligating others
d. Assistance to others
Answer: c
Rationale:
Obligating others is a risk of self-disclosure, as sharing personal information may impose
burdens or expectations on others, potentially making them feel obligated to reciprocate or
act in certain ways.
55. Rejection, chance of obligating others, hurt to others, and violation of other people’s
property are all _____________ of self-disclosure.
a. benefits
b. side-effects
c. results
d. risks
Answer: d
Rationale:
These factors—rejection, chance of obligating others, hurt to others, and violation of
privacy—are all risks associated with self-disclosure, as they can lead to negative outcomes
or consequences in interpersonal relationships.
56. Helen finds and reads her sister’s diary. She tells her best friend some of the things she
read, and though Helen swears her best friend to secrecy, Helen is most likely not aware of
which negative aspect of self-disclosure?
a. Violation of other people’s privacy
b. Hurt to others
c. Chance of obligating others
d. Rejection
Answer: a
Rationale:
Helen is likely not aware of the negative aspect of violating her sister's privacy by reading her
diary and then disclosing its contents to others without consent.
57. Which of the following is one of the defining characteristics of a friendship?
a. Positive
b. Voluntary
c. Open
d. Contextual
Answer: b
Rationale:
Voluntary association is a defining characteristic of friendships, as individuals choose to form
and maintain these relationships based on mutual liking and affinity.
58. Because friendships are ______________, not only do we have to interact with that
person to form the friendship, we have to use relational maintenance behaviors such as
openness, positivity, and network convergence to maintain the relationship.
a. life-long
b. challenging
c. social exchanges
d. voluntary
Answer: d
Rationale:
Friendships are voluntary relationships, meaning individuals actively choose to engage in
them. To maintain these friendships, individuals must employ relational maintenance
behaviors such as openness, positivity, and effort to sustain the relationship.
59. A ________ is someone who is similar to you in power or status.
a. friend
b. classmate
c. peer
d. subordinate
Answer: c
Rationale:
A peer is someone who shares similar attributes such as age, status, or experience with
another individual, often within a similar social group or context.
60. By being someone’s friend, you acknowledge (at least implicitly) that you expect certain
things from that person and that he or she can expect certain things from you, because
a. friends are usually peers.
b. friendships are governed by rules.
c. friendships are influenced by expectations.
d. friendships differ by sex.
Answer: b
Rationale:
Friendships are governed by implicit or explicit rules and expectations, which shape the
interactions and dynamics within the relationship. These rules define the boundaries,
obligations, and norms that guide the behavior of friends toward each other.
61. Reilly and Karissa have been friends for years. When they are together, they spend a lot
of time catching up and sharing their feelings about recent events in their lives. However,
when Reilly spends time with another friend, Andrew, she notices they spend more time
bonding through activities such as mini-golfing and surfing, and they often flirt and make
jokes of a sexual nature. These differences in Reilly’s friendships illustrate the theory that
a. friendships differ by culture.
b. friendships are influenced by expectations.
c. friendships are usually stronger with peers.
d. friendships differ by sex.
Answer: d
Rationale:
Reilly's friendships with Karissa and Andrew exhibit differences based on the sex of her
friends. With Karissa, the friendship involves emotional sharing and catching up, which
aligns more closely with stereotypical same-sex friendships. However, with Andrew, the
friendship involves more activity-based bonding and flirtation, which is often characteristic
of opposite-sex friendships. This illustrates that friendships can differ based on the sex of the
individuals involved.
62. Which statement is NOT true about opposite-sex friendships?
a. Opposite-sex friendships closely mirror same-sex friendships.
b. Many opposite-sex friends feel some degree of physical or romantic attraction toward each
other.
c. Many opposite-sex friends have specific reasons for not wanting their friendship to evolve
into a romantic relationship.
d. Research suggests that both men and women value opposite-sex friendships as a chance to
see things from each other’s perspective.
Answer: a
Rationale:
Opposite-sex friendships do not closely mirror same-sex friendships because they often
involve complexities related to potential romantic or physical attraction. While same-sex
friendships may involve emotional intimacy without romantic implications, opposite-sex
friendships may contain elements of attraction or the potential for romantic involvement.
63. Many public agencies and private corporations expect specific communication behaviors
from their employees. These might include all of the following, EXCEPT
a. communicating honestly.
b. listening attentively.
c. using effective intrapersonal communication.
d. treating people with dignity.
Answer: c
Rationale:
Effective intrapersonal communication refers to communication within oneself, which may
not necessarily be a direct expectation of public agencies or private corporations. While selfawareness and reflection may be beneficial, explicit expectations in workplace
communication usually revolve around interpersonal communication skills and behaviors.
64. Workplace friendships are usually ____________ to control than regular friendships.
a. easier
b. more challenging
c. about the same
d. more fun
Answer: b
Rationale:
Workplace friendships can be more challenging to control compared to regular friendships
due to the potential conflicts of interest or power dynamics that may arise in the workplace
environment. Factors such as organizational hierarchies and professional responsibilities can
complicate the dynamics of workplace friendships.
65. The most likely opportunity for forming friendships at work arises with respect to whom?
a. Superiors
b. Subordinates
c. Clients
d. Co-workers
Answer: d
Rationale:
Co-workers are the most likely candidates for forming friendships at work due to the
frequency of interaction and shared experiences within the same organizational context.
While relationships with superiors, subordinates, and clients are important, they often involve
different power dynamics and objectives, which may not foster the same level of camaraderie
as relationships with co-workers.
66. Stephen and Tim are co-workers with a strong friendship outside of the workplace. They
are working in the same-level position, and when a supervisory position becomes available,
they both apply. Stephen is disappointed when he finds out that Tim got the promotion,
because he feels that he is more qualified and has been at the company longer. However,
because of the ________________ dimension of their relationship, Stephen acts happy and
voices his support for Stephen.
a. social
b. task
c. friendship
d. reward
Answer: a
Rationale:
The social dimension of Stephen and Tim's relationship refers to the personal connection and
friendship they share outside of work. Despite Stephen's disappointment at not getting the
promotion, the social dimension prompts him to maintain a positive facade and support Tim,
demonstrating the influence of social dynamics in workplace relationships.
67. Friendships between ____________ are considerably more complicated than other
workplace relationships, because they include a power difference.
a. coworkers
b. employees and clients
c. superiors and subordinates
d. superiors and clients
Answer: c
Rationale:
Friendships between superiors and subordinates in the workplace are more complicated due
to the inherent power difference between the two parties. This power dynamic can affect the
dynamics of the friendship and may lead to challenges such as perceptions of favoritism or
conflicts of interest.
68. In superior-subordinate relationships in the workplace, it is best if the parties do all of the
following EXCEPT what?
a. Acknowledge that their friendship and their work relationship might conflict.
b. Agree to keep their friendship and their work relationship as separate as they can.
c. Acknowledge the possibility of conflicts.
d. Establishing their expectations for how to address clashes of interest only after such
clashes occur.
Answer: d
Rationale:
It is not advisable for parties in superior-subordinate relationships to wait until conflicts occur
before establishing expectations for addressing clashes of interest. Proactive communication
and setting clear boundaries are essential for navigating the complexities of such relationships
in the workplace.
69. In the workplace, your _____________ may be your friends, but they still expect you to
furnish a high-quality service or product, and you still expect them to provide full and prompt
payment.
a. co-workers
b. customers
c. subordinates
d. employees
Answer: b
Rationale:
While customers in the workplace may develop friendly relationships with employees, the
primary expectation remains transactional: the provision of goods or services in exchange for
payment. Despite any personal rapport, both parties are expected to fulfill their respective
roles in the professional context.
70. A personal friendship with customers can be successful if the friends agree that their
________________ relationship is separate and should be treated accordingly.
a. professional
b. co-worker
c. subordinate
d. social
Answer: a
Rationale:
Successful personal friendships with customers hinge on the understanding that the
professional relationship takes precedence and should be treated separately. Clear boundaries
between the personal and professional aspects of the relationship help maintain
professionalism and ensure business objectives are met.
Test Bank for Communication Matters
Kory Floyd
9780078036866, 9781259707766
