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Chapter 11 – Painting Multiple Choice Questions 1. Who painted The Glorification of Saint Ignatius for the Church of Sant’ Ignazio in Rome? a) Fra Angelico b) Fra Andrea Pozzo c) Michelangelo d) Giotto Answer: b 2. Paintings that consist of three painted panels, such as The Annunciation [Mérode Altarpiece] by Robert Campin, are called a) diptychs. b) reliquaries. c) triptychs. d) frescos. Answer: c 3. Winslow Homer’s A Wall, Nassau was made using a) watercolor washes. b) synthetic media. c) the computer. d) oil paint. Answer: a 4. Mummy Portrait of a Man was created using what medium? a) tempera b) fresco c) encaustic d) gouache Answer: c 5. With the technique of fresco secco, as illustrated in the Ajanta Buddhist caves, the artist a) applies the paint into fresh plaster making the painting very durable. b) applies the paint on top of a dried ground, making it easier for the artist to get a high degree of detail. c) applies the paint onto a canvas support. d) paints onto a ceramic vessel before it is fired. Answer: a 6. The Bodhisattva, painted with the technique of fresco secco, is remarkable because a) it is so well-preserved since it was painted in such a dry environment. b) it is hard to achieve this kind of detail with fresco secco. c) it was painted in Europe and Buddhism was not popular in Europe at this time. d) depicts the Bodhisattva with such an unusual hand gesture. Answer: a 7. Where is the focal point in Giotto’s Lamentation? a) the angel closest to the tree b) the figure on the far right of the composition c) the standing figure on the far left of the composition d) Jesus’ head Answer: d 8. Antonio Lopez Garcia’s New Refrigerator may seem like odd subject matter for a painting, but it actually falls within a long line of which of these artistic traditions? a) landscape b) still-life c) portraiture d) abstraction Answer: b 9. A traditional ground for tempera paintings, which consists of a mixture of glue and plaster of Paris or chalk, is a) sinopie. b) gesso. c) gouache. d) encaustic. Answer: b 10. The painting process that allows for a continuous blending of tones and hues on the painting surface is called a) buon fresco. b) oil painting. c) tempera painting. d) watercolor. Answer: b 11. Watercolor painting is such a spontaneous process that many people think of it as a) a temporary form of expression. b) suitable only for student work. c) a tool for sketching. d) All of the above. Answer: c 12. When an artist paints with a mixture of watercolor pigment and Chinese white chalk, the process is called a) gouache. b) fresco secco. c) trompe l’oeil. d) encaustic. Answer: a 13. Painter Helen Frankenthaler moved from staining her canvases with oil to using which painting medium? a) tempera b) pastel c) watercolor d) acrylic Answer: d 14. Artists can create a sense of luminous materiality in oil painting by brushing thin films of transparent color onto the surface, a process called a) buon fresco. b) glazing. c) trompe l’oeil. d) staining. Answer: b 15. Oil paint is exception in that it allows the user to do all of the following except to a) continue to work on the same painting for weeks without it drying. b) work with big, bold, energetic brushstrokes. c) blend hues and tones seamlessly. d) work more quickly than in other media. Answer: d 16. Mixed media artists have achieved what important innovation in art? a) the incorporation of new materials into traditional work b) the combination of plastic-based and oil-based paints c) the extension of a painting’s “space” from two dimensions to three d) the representation of the “real” world in two dimensions Answer: c 17. In European fresco painting from the early-Renaissance to the late Baroque, the goal of artists was to a) create the illusion of real space and realistic figures. b) flatten the picture plane. c) educate the illiterate masses and create a sense of awe. d) tell the story of the life of the Buddha. Answer: a 18. Painting was largely considered a craft, lesser than other “arts” like poetry and music, until a) the Renaissance. b) the Enlightenment. c) the Classical period in Greece. d) the Middle Ages. Answer: a 19. Illusionism in fresco painting arguably reached its apogee in which work? a) Pozzo’s The Glorification of Saint Ignatius b) the cave paintings in Ajanta, India c) Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel ceiling d) Raphael’s School of Athens Answer: c 20. How did Xu Wei, with paintings like Grapes, change traditional Chinese watercolor painting? a) He introduced a more free-form and expressive style. b) He began making meticulous portraits of powerful leaders. c) He abandoned all identifiable subject matter and made purely non-representational paintings. d) He only painted traditional landscapes. Answer: a 21. What is the main advantage of using oil paint over other paint media? a) It dries slower allowing for more naturalistic development. b) It is more portable. c) The pigment mixes with wet plaster and becomes more durable. s) It lends itself to quick, sketch-like images. Answer: a 22. Which of these is not a component of painting? a) pigment b) ground c) binder d) vanitas Answer: d 23. What is the binder in “encaustic” painting? a) lime water b) oil c) egg yolk d) wax Answer: d 24. What is the substance in paint that holds the particles of pigment together and often defines the characteristics of the various painting media? a) pumice b) binder c) ground d) support Answer: b 25. Buon fresco painting can be described as a) expressive use of enamel. b) working with pigment directly into fresh plaster. c) a quick process of sketching from observation. d) having more naturalistic capabilities than oil paint. Answer: b 26. What is the chief advantage of acrylic paint over oil paint? a) It dries slower so artists can work more realistically. b) It is a quick, immediate process. c) It is more expressive. d) It is longer-lasting. Answer: d Short Answer and Essay Questions 27. What is the term used to describe the concept of imitation? Answer: The term used to describe the concept of imitation is "mimesis." 28. What is the difference between buon fresco and fresco secco? Answer: Buon fresco, or "true fresco," involves applying pigment to wet plaster, allowing the pigment to become embedded in the plaster as it dries, creating a durable and integral bond between the pigment and the wall surface. Fresco secco, on the other hand, involves applying pigment to dry plaster, resulting in a less durable and more susceptible to deterioration over time. 29. What phrase “meaning deceit of the eye” occurs when a painting or other artwork looks real to the point of deception? Answer: The phrase "trompe l'oeil," meaning "deceit of the eye," occurs when a painting or other artwork looks real to the point of deception. 30. Define the term collage. Answer: Collage is a technique in art where various materials, such as paper, fabric, photographs, or found objects, are glued or assembled onto a surface to create a composition. 31. Explain the difference between denotation and connotation in a work of art. Answer: Denotation refers to the literal or primary meaning of elements within a work of art, while connotation refers to the secondary or suggested meanings, associations, or emotions evoked by those elements. 32. How do the physical characteristics of certain media (for example, gouache, tempera, or impasto) lend themselves to adding an emotional element to the paintings created with them? Answer: The physical characteristics of certain painting media, such as gouache (opaque watercolor), tempera (egg-based paint), or impasto (thickly applied paint), can add an emotional element to paintings by influencing texture, color intensity, and surface quality. For example, impasto technique with its thick, textured application of paint can evoke a sense of energy and expressiveness, while the smooth, translucent quality of gouache can create a delicate and ethereal atmosphere. Each medium offers unique opportunities for artists to convey emotions through the tactile and visual qualities of their work. 33. Explain the painting process, using terms such as pigments, medium, binder, support, ground, solvent, and vehicle. Answer: The painting process involves applying pigments, which are colored particles, onto a support surface using a medium, which is a liquid carrier that binds the pigment particles together. The medium typically consists of a binder, which provides adhesion and cohesion to the pigment, and a solvent, which thins the mixture to achieve the desired consistency. The support is the surface onto which the painting is made, such as canvas, wood panel, or paper. Before painting, the support may be prepared with a ground layer to provide a smooth and stable surface for the paint. The vehicle is the liquid component of the medium that evaporates upon drying, leaving behind the pigment particles bound to the support. 34. The advent of photography convinced some painters that painting was dead. How, in fact, has photography contributed to the evolution of painting? Answer: The advent of photography has not resulted in the death of painting but rather contributed to its evolution. Photography provided painters with new perspectives on composition, lighting, and perspective, influencing artistic movements such as Impressionism and Realism. Additionally, photography challenged painters to explore new subject matters and modes of expression, leading to the development of abstraction and non-representational art. Moreover, painters began to experiment with the expressive potential of paint itself, exploring its materiality and emotive qualities in ways that photography could not replicate. 35. Discuss why an artist might choose to create a mixed media work. Cite examples from the chapter in your discussion. Answer: An artist might choose to create a mixed media work to explore diverse materials, textures, and techniques that cannot be achieved with a single medium alone. By combining different materials such as paint, collage elements, found objects, and digital media, artists can create layered and multidimensional compositions that engage viewers on multiple levels. For example, the mixed media works of Robert Rauschenberg often incorporate collage elements, silkscreen printing, and painting to create complex and visually compelling compositions that blur the boundaries between art and everyday life. 36. Choose one example from the chapter and discuss how the artist has used a painting medium as an expressive tool. Answer: One example from the chapter is Vincent van Gogh's "Starry Night." Van Gogh used oil paint as an expressive tool to convey his emotional response to the landscape and the night sky. Through his bold and dynamic brushwork, swirling forms, and vibrant colors, van Gogh created a sense of movement, energy, and emotion that transcends the literal depiction of the scene. The expressive application of paint in "Starry Night" reflects van Gogh's inner turmoil and artistic vision, making the painting a powerful expression of his personal experiences and artistic genius. Test Bank for A World of Art Henry M. Sayre 9780205901340, 9780205887576, 9780134082349, 9780134081809, 9780205898879
