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Chapter 11 Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which would be the best way to decide if a child understands the concept “soft?” a. ask her/him to define “soft” b. ask her/him to draw a soft item c. ask her/him to point to a specific soft item d. ask her/him to point to many soft items Answer: d. ask her/him to point to many soft items Rationale: Asking the child to point to many soft items allows for demonstrating understanding through concrete examples, providing a practical assessment of their comprehension of the concept. 2. After providing chimps with over 300 2-choice discrimination problems, Harlow found that a. by the end their behavior was similar to human adults. b. their behavior improved but still was very different from human adults. c. their behavior did not improve very much. d. their behavior did not improve at all Answer: a. by the end their behavior was similar to human adults. Rationale: Harlow's study demonstrated that after extensive training, chimpanzees' problem-solving abilities became comparable to those of human adults, indicating their capacity for learning and cognitive flexibility. 3. Harlow’s learning set problems demonstrate how prior experience can _____ problemsolving whereas Luchin’s water jar problems demonstrate how prior experience can _____ problem solving. a. facilitate; impede b. impede; facilitate c. facilitate; also facilitate d. impede; also impede Answer: a. facilitate; impede Rationale: Harlow's learning set problems showed that prior experience can facilitate problem-solving by allowing the application of learned strategies to new situations, while Luchin's water jar problems illustrated how prior experience (functional fixedness) can sometimes impede problem-solving by limiting the consideration of alternative solutions. 4. Kohler investigated which of the following problems with chimpanzees? a. the two-string problem and joining sticks together b. the two-string problem and stacking boxes c. joining sticks together and stacking boxes d. all of the above Answer: c. joining sticks together and stacking boxes Rationale: Kohler's research with chimpanzees focused on problem-solving tasks such as joining sticks together and stacking boxes, which demonstrated the chimps' ability to use insight to solve novel problems. 5. When Birch and Rabinowitz studied chimps reared in captivity joining sticks together they found a. they solved the problem through insight. b. prior training facilitated learning. c. prior training interfered with learning. d. prior training had no effect on learning. Answer: b. prior training facilitated learning. Rationale: Birch and Rabinowitz's study showed that prior training facilitated learning in chimps when solving the task of joining sticks together, suggesting that previous experiences can enhance problem-solving abilities. 6. Epstein showed that in order for pigeons to learn to stack boxes in order to obtain food a. they had to learn to move boxes. b. they had to learn to stack boxes. c. they had to learn to move and stack boxes. d. they had to learn to move and stack boxes and fly. Answer: c. they had to learn to move and stack boxes. Rationale: Epstein's research demonstrated that pigeons needed to learn both to move and stack boxes to successfully obtain food, highlighting the importance of motor skills in problem-solving tasks. 7. The Unusual Uses test for creativity is based upon overcoming a. poor problem-solving skills. b. functional fixedness. c. lack of insight. d. learning sets. Answer: b. functional fixedness. Rationale: The Unusual Uses test challenges individuals to think creatively by overcoming functional fixedness, which is the tendency to perceive objects only in terms of their typical functions and limitations. 8. The general problem-solving process includes the following a. problem definition. b. generation of alternative solutions. c. decision making. d. all of the above. Answer: d. all of the above. Rationale: The problem-solving process typically involves defining the problem, generating alternative solutions, making decisions, and implementing those decisions to solve the problem. 9. The device which best exemplifies problem-solving verification using a TOTE (testoperate-test-exit) approach is a(n) a. alarm clock. b. computer. c. thermostat. d. all of the above. Answer: c. thermostat. Rationale: A thermostat exemplifies problem-solving verification using a TOTE approach by continuously monitoring the temperature (test), adjusting itself as needed (operate), and then reevaluating the temperature (test) until the desired temperature is achieved (exit). 10. Kurzweill has stated that the pace of technological change is a. staying the same. b. slowing down. c. speeding up. d. stopping. Answer: c. speeding up. Rationale: Kurzweil's observation suggests that the pace of technological change is accelerating, with innovations and advancements occurring at an increasingly rapid rate. Test Bank for Adaptive Learning and the Human Condition Jeffrey C. Levy 9780205950775
