Chapter 2 1. Read the label and find the following information: Strength of the drug ______ mg per tablet Answer: 2.5 Rationale: A dosage strength of 2.5 mg per tablet is commonly used for medications that require low doses, such as certain cardiovascular drugs or hormone therapies. This dosage strength allows for precise dosing, particularly when small incremental adjustments are necessary to achieve the desired therapeutic effect while minimizing the risk of adverse reactions. Tablets with 2.5 mg strength are often prescribed for patients who require lower doses due to factors such as age, weight, or sensitivity to the medication. Pharmaceutical companies manufacture tablets with this dosage strength to provide healthcare providers with options for individualized dosing regimens tailored to patient needs. 2. Read the label and find the following information: Strength of the drug _____ mg/5 mL Answer: 25 Rationale: A concentration of 25 mg/5 mL is a standard dosage strength for liquid medications, particularly for drugs that require moderate doses and are commonly administered orally. This concentration allows for accurate measurement using standard dosing devices such as oral syringes or measuring spoons, making it suitable for both pediatric and adult patients. Liquid medications with this concentration are often prescribed for conditions such as pain management, allergy relief, or antipyretics, where a moderate dose is needed. Pharmaceutical companies produce formulations with 25 mg/5 mL strength to ensure ease of administration and dosing accuracy while providing effective relief for patients. 3. Read the label and find the following information: Strength of the drug _____ mg per tablet Answer: 100 Rationale: A dosage strength of 100 mg per tablet is a common and standard dosage for many medications across various therapeutic categories. This dosage strength provides a balanced dose that is often effective for treating a wide range of conditions while minimizing the risk of adverse reactions. Tablets with 100 mg strength are frequently prescribed for medications such as pain relievers, antipyretics, and certain antibiotics, offering healthcare providers a convenient and familiar option for dosing. Pharmaceutical companies manufacture tablets with this dosage strength to meet the needs of patients requiring moderate doses of medication, ensuring efficacy, safety, and ease of administration. 4. Read the label and find the following information: Strength of the drug _____ mg per mL Answer: 10mg Rationale: A concentration of 10 mg per mL is a common dosage strength for liquid medications, particularly for drugs that require precise dosing and are commonly administered orally or intravenously. This concentration allows for accurate measurement using standard dosing devices such as syringes or droppers, facilitating precise dosing for patients of various ages and conditions. Liquid medications with a concentration of 10 mg per mL are often prescribed for conditions such as pain management, allergy relief, or antipyretics, providing healthcare providers with a versatile option for dosing flexibility. Pharmaceutical companies produce formulations with this concentration to ensure ease of administration, dosing accuracy, and effective therapeutic outcomes for patients. 5. A physician's order sheet contains the following entry: Biaxin (clarithromycin) 7.5 mg/kg p.o. q.12h. How much of the drug will be administered per dose? ___ mg for every kg of bodyweight Answer: 7.5 Rationale: The dosage of Biaxin (clarithromycin) is prescribed at 7.5 mg per kilogram of body weight. This means that for every kilogram of the patient's body weight, 7.5 mg of clarithromycin will be administered per dose. This dosage regimen is commonly used to ensure the appropriate therapeutic effect while considering individual variations in body weight and metabolism. 6. A physician's order sheet contains the following entry: Trandate (labetalol hydrochloride) 20 mg IV STAT and repeat q.10 minutes as needed to max of 300 mg. How much of the drug will be administered per dose? ______ mg Answer: 20 Rationale: The initial dose of Trandate (labetalol hydrochloride) is 20 mg administered intravenously. This is the amount of the drug that will be administered per dose. Additionally, the order indicates that the dose can be repeated every 10 minutes if necessary, with a maximum cumulative dose of 300 mg. This dosing regimen is designed to achieve the desired therapeutic effect while monitoring the patient's response and ensuring safety. 7. A physician's order sheet contains the following entry: Lanoxin (digoxin) 125 mcg p.o. daily. How much of the drug will be administered per dose? _______ micrograms Answer: 125 Rationale: The dosage of Lanoxin (digoxin) is prescribed at 125 micrograms (mcg) administered orally once daily. This indicates that 125 mcg of digoxin will be administered per dose. Such precise dosing is essential for medications with narrow therapeutic ranges like digoxin to ensure therapeutic efficacy while minimizing the risk of adverse effects. 8. A physician's order sheet contains the following entry: Paral (paraldehyde) 5 mg p.r. stat. How much of the drug will be administered per dose? _____ mg Answer: 5 Rationale: The dosage of Paral (paraldehyde) is prescribed at 5 mg administered rectally (p.r.) as a single dose. This indicates that 5 mg of paraldehyde will be administered per dose. Rectal administration may be used for certain medications when other routes are not feasible or practical, and the dosage is determined based on factors such as the drug's potency and the patient's condition. 9. Review the information provided in the figure. What medication is given more than once per day? 1. Lanoxin 2. Lasix 3. K-dur 4. Reglan Answer: 4 Rationale: Only Reglan is ordered to be, and has been, administered more than once per day. 10. Review the information provided in the figure. What medication was given at 8:00 a.m.? 1. Lanoxin 2. Lasix 3. K-dur 4. Reglan Answer: 2 Rationale: Lasix was administered at 0800 as indicated in the column titled “hours” on 9/10, 9/11, and 9/12. 11. Review the information provided in the figure. What medication is administered intravenously? 1. Lanoxin 2. Lasix 3. K-dur 4. Reglan Answer: 2 Rationale: Only Lasix is ordered for IV administration. The other medications are ordered for oral administration. 12. Review the information provided in the figure. How many doses of Reglan has the client received? 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 Answer: 3 Rationale: The client has received three doses of Reglan administered on 9/12. While four doses are ordered per day, the 0900 dose was not given and is most likely due to the order being received. 13. Review the information provided in the figure. What medication was administered immediately? 1. Lanoxin 2. Lasix 3. K-dur 4. Reglan Answer: 2 Rationale: Lasix was ordered for STAT, or immediate, administration and then to be given daily after the STAT dose. 14. Read the MAR in the table and answer the following question. How many doses of ampicillin has the patient received? Answer: 17 15. Read the table and find the following information: How many doses of Epogen has the patient received? Answer: 2 16. Read the table and find the following information: How many doses of ampicillin has the patient received? Answer: 12 17. Read the package insert in the figure and answer the following: What is the initial recommended maximum adult daily dose of the drug? _______ mg Answer: 100 18. Read the package insert in the figure and answer the following: What is the maximum dosage? _______ mg Answer: 200 19. Read the package insert in the figure, and answer the following: What is the maximum daily dose? _____ mg Answer: 4 20. Read the package insert in the figure, and answer the following: What is the maximum daily dose for children? ______ mg Answer: 65 21. The physician orders a medication to be administered q8h. The first dose is given at 6:00 a.m. What times will this medication be given throughout the day in military time? 1. 0600h - 1400h - 2200h 2. 0600h - 1300h - 2200h 3. 0800h - 1800h - 2400h 4. 0200h - 1000h - 1800h Answer: 1 Rationale: The medication was administered at 06:00 a.m., which is 0600h in military time. Adding 8 hours to 0600h would be 0600h + 0800h = 1400h in military time. The next dose would be given 8 hours later or 1400h + 0800h = 2200h. The times of administration are 0600h - 1400h - 2200h. 22. A patient is to receive a medication q.8h. The first dose was administered at 10:00 a.m. What is the time of the next dose in military time? 1. 0600h 2. 1800h 3. 1400h 4. 1600h Answer: 2 Rationale: 10 a.m. and 8 hours = 6 p.m., written in military time is 1800h. 23. A patient is to receive a medication every twelve hours. The first dose was administered at 2100h. At what time will the next dose be administered (expressed as standard time)? ____ a.m. on the next day. Answer: 9 24. The client receives nimodipine at 2200h and is to receive the next dose in four hours. At what time, written as standard time, will the next dose be administered? 1. 1:00 a.m. 2. 2:00 a.m. 3. 4:00 a.m. 4. 4:00 p.m. Answer: 2 Rationale: The medication was administered at 2200h which is 10:00 p.m. Four hours later would be 02:00 a.m. 25. If an IV starts at 1800 hours and lasts for 12 hours, at what time will it finish? (Express in standard time.) 1. 8 a.m. 2. 8 p.m. 3. 6 a.m. 4. 6 p.m. Answer: 3 Rationale: 1800h is 6 p.m. 12 hours later is 6 a.m. Test Bank for Dosage Calculations: A Multi-Method Approach Anthony Patrick Giangrasso, Dolores M. Shrimpton 9780132158626
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