Preview Extract
Chapter 9
Question 1
The scientific study of the interaction between people, machines, and their work
environments is which of the following?
1. Ergonomics
2. Human–computer interaction (HCI)
3. Human factors
4. Usability
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1:
Ergonomics focuses on the physical design and implementation of equipment, tools and
machines related to human safety, comfort, and convenience.
Rationale 2:
HCI is the study of how people design, implement, evaluate, and use interactive computer
systems.
Rationale 3:
Human factors is the scientific study of the interaction between people, machines, and their
work environments.
Rationale 4:
Usability addresses specific issues of human performance in achieving specific goals during
computer interactions within a particular context.
Question 2
Ergonomics focuses on which of the following?
1. The ability of the nurse to complete computer processing
2. Correct posture while keyboarding
3. Establishing protocols for benchmarking
4. The physical design for safety, comfort, and convenience
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1:
Ergonomics is concerned with human performance as it relates to the physical characteristics
of tools, systems and machines. Ergonomics focuses on designs for safety, comfort, and
convenience.
Rationale 2:
Ergonomics is concerned with human performance as it relates to the physical characteristics
of tools, systems and machines. Ergonomics focuses on designs for safety, comfort, and
convenience.
Rationale 3:
Ergonomics is concerned with human performance as it relates to the physical characteristics
of tools, systems and machines. Ergonomics focuses on designs for safety, comfort, and
convenience.
Rationale 4:
Ergonomics is concerned with human performance as it relates to the physical characteristics
of tools, systems and machines. Ergonomics focuses on designs for safety, comfort, and
convenience.
Question 3
_____________________________ is the study of how people design, implement, evaluate
and use interactive computer systems
Correct Answer: Human-computer interaction
Rationale:
Human-computer interaction or HCI is the study of how people design, implement, evaluate
and use interactive computer systems
Question 4
Question:
Which of the following are usability topics?
1. Using an application
2. Learning to use a system
3. User satisfaction
4. Efficiency
5. Error-free/error-forgiving interactions
Correct Answer: 1,2,3,4,5
Rationale 1:
Using an application is a core aspect of usability as it directly relates to how easily and
effectively users can interact with a system or application.
Rationale 2:
Learning to use a system is crucial for usability because the ease of learning impacts how
quickly users can become proficient in using the system, which is a key aspect of usability.
Rationale 3:
User satisfaction is a fundamental aspect of usability because it directly reflects users' overall
experience and enjoyment when interacting with a system or application.
Rationale 4:
Efficiency is a key usability topic as it pertains to how quickly and effectively users can
accomplish their tasks within a system, directly impacting their overall experience.
Rationale 5:
Error-free/error-forgiving interactions are essential for usability as they determine how well a
system handles user errors and provides mechanisms for recovering from mistakes, ultimately
enhancing user experience and reducing frustration.
Question 5
The broad goals of usability are to promote acceptance and use of systems through improved
interactive systems, software, developing new kinds of applications to support specific work,
and promoting job optimization with the use of information systems. A user interface can
effectively disappear if which of the following is correct?
1. The system is designed well.
2. The system has multiple partners.
3. The system has a comprehensive set of instructions.
4. The system has little to no downtime.
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale 1:
A user interface can effectively disappear if a system is designed well. This allows users to
focus only on the task at hand rather than tending to the technology itself.
Rationale 2:
A user interface can effectively disappear if a system is designed well. This allows users to
focus only on the task at hand rather than tending to the technology itself.
Rationale 3:
A user interface can effectively disappear if a system is designed well. This allows users to
focus only on the task at hand rather than tending to the technology itself.
Rationale 4:
A user interface can effectively disappear if a system is designed well. This allows users to
focus only on the task at hand rather than tending to the technology itself.
Question 6
Usability experts cite three main goals of HCI and usability. Which of the following is not a
usability goal?
1. Effectiveness
2. Efficiency
3. Replication
4. User satisfaction
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1:
Effectiveness is related to the usefulness of technology in completing desired goals. The
efficiency of systems deals with the expenditures of resources, where resources are time,
productivity, error rates of users or the costs of the system to the organization in terms of
value of the product compared to the purchase price, little used options or redesign of
applications. User satisfaction can be assessed by measuring perceptions about the efficiency
or effectiveness of interactions with the system.
Rationale 2:
Effectiveness is related to the usefulness of technology in completing desired goals. The
efficiency of systems deals with the expenditures of resources, where resources are time,
productivity, error rates of users or the costs of the system to the organization in terms of
value of the product compared to the purchase price, little used options or redesign of
applications. User satisfaction can be assessed by measuring perceptions about the efficiency
or effectiveness of interactions with the system.
Rationale 3:
Effectiveness is related to the usefulness of technology in completing desired goals. The
efficiency of systems deals with the expenditures of resources, where resources are time,
productivity, error rates of users or the costs of the system to the organization in terms of
value of the product compared to the purchase price, little used options or redesign of
applications. User satisfaction can be assessed by measuring perceptions about the efficiency
or effectiveness of interactions with the system.
Rationale 4:
Effectiveness is related to the usefulness of technology in completing desired goals. The
efficiency of systems deals with the expenditures of resources, where resources are time,
productivity, error rates of users or the costs of the system to the organization in terms of
value of the product compared to the purchase price, little used options or redesign of
applications. User satisfaction can be assessed by measuring perceptions about the efficiency
or effectiveness of interactions with the system.
Question 7
____________________________ guide health informaticists in completing user-centered
design processes, usability tests, IT adoption evaluations and usability research.
Correct Answer: Human-Computer interaction frameworks
Rationale:
Human-Computer interaction frameworks guide health informaticists in completing usercentered design processes, usability tests, IT adoption evaluations and usability research.
Question 8
Which of the following frameworks is based on work-centered research and distributed
cognition?
1. The FITT framework
2. UFuRT (User, Function, Representation, and Task analysis) framework
3. Human, Organization, Technology-fit (HOT-fit)
4. The Staggers Human–Computer Interaction Framework
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1:
The FITT framework describes the fit between an individual, tasks, and technology and
having these three elements connected by “interactions and influences.”
Rationale 2:
The UFuRT (User, Function, Representation, and Task analysis) framework is based on workcentered research and distributed cognition. This framework also combines both elements and
usability processes.
Rationale 3:
The Human, Organization, Technology-fit (HOT-fit) describes IT adoption with central
elements of system ease of use, user satisfaction and system usefulness.
Rationale 4:
The Staggers Human–Computer Interaction Framework outlines the interaction between the
computer and the individual.
Question 9
_________________________ is the study of how people design, implement, and evaluate
interactive computer systems in the context of users’ tasks and work.
Correct Answer: Human-computer interaction (HCI)
Rationale:
HCI blends psychology and/or cognitive science, applied work in computer science,
sociology and information science into the design, development, purchase, implementation
and evaluation of applications.
Question 10
Usability tests are systematic and structured examinations of the effectiveness, efficiency or
satisfaction of any component or interactions in the human–computer interaction
framework(s). Which of the following is an example of a usability test?
1. Identifying appropriate hours to offer patients sleep medication
2. Completing a longitudinal study of nursing effectiveness during lunch hours
3. Exploring time management strategies in central supply
4. Describing the satisfaction with a new computerized provider order entry (CPOE)
application.
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1:
Usability studies can be simple or complex. Usability studies can be done at any point in the
expanded systems life cycle, 28 from clarifying users’ requirements, to initial design or
redesign using paper prototypes or simple computerized applications, to iterative prototype
development, system selection, product customization or evaluating the impact of a system
during and after installation.
Rationale 2:
Usability studies can be simple or complex. Usability studies can be done at any point in the
expanded systems life cycle, 28 from clarifying users’ requirements, to initial design or
redesign using paper prototypes or simple computerized applications, to iterative prototype
development, system selection, product customization or evaluating the impact of a system
during and after installation.
Rationale 3:
Usability studies can be simple or complex. Usability studies can be done at any point in the
expanded systems life cycle, 28 from clarifying users’ requirements, to initial design or
redesign using paper prototypes or simple computerized applications, to iterative prototype
development, system selection, product customization or evaluating the impact of a system
during and after installation.
Rationale 4:
Usability studies are considered methods to identify efficiency and effectiveness of the
system.
Question 11
Which of the following types of usability studies consists of a detailed review of a sequence
of real or proposed actions to complete a task in a system?
1. Simplified usability tests using early prototypes
2. Cognitive walkthrough
3. Heuristic evaluations or heuristic inspection methods
4. Exploratory test
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1:
Simplified usability tests using early prototypes includes the use of small numbers of users,
typically an early prototype (even paper), and a specific method called “think aloud”
protocols.
Rationale 2:
Cognitive walkthrough method is a type of usability inspection method or task analysis. It
consists of a detailed review of a sequence of real or proposed actions to complete a task in a
system.
Rationale 3:
Heuristic evaluations or heuristic inspection methods compare applications against accepted
guidelines or published usability principles.
Rationale 4:
An exploratory test is conducted early during development or redesign after very basic or
preliminary designs are created.
Question 12
Usability studies can be used to support IT in a number of ways. Which of the following are
reasons to complete these studies in a health care setting?
1. Assesses the adequacy of a design or redesign early in the systems life cycle
2. Helps determine or clarify users’ requirements determination
3. Creates an interest in learning the new system
4. Determines the actual price of the system
5. Supports infrastructure
Correct Answer: 1,2
Rationale 1:
Assesses the adequacy of a design or redesign early in the systems life cycle
Rationale 2:
Assesses the adequacy of a design or redesign from the systems life cycle
Rationale 3:
Creating an interest in the new system is not a reason for completing a usability study.
Rationale 4:
The price of the system is not linked to usability studies.
Rationale 5:
The usability study does not have anything to do with supporting the infrastructure.
Question 13
Which of the following entities does not support a role for informaticians in the future?
1. Informaticians require a graduate education.
2. The recent interest in usability will provide interesting work for health informaticists in the
future.
3. Informaticians support the training of new systems.
4. Informaticians are key members of the life cycle discussions.
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale 1:
As systems become more complex and strategic planners attempt to create an environment
where technology is the norm and understood by all stakeholders and point-of-care
professionals, informaticians will have clear roles in the health care setting. Informaticians
are essential members of the health care team with unique skills that facilitate the acceptance
and understanding of the technology.
Rationale 2:
As systems become more complex and strategic planners attempt to create an environment
where technology is the norm and understood by all stakeholders and point-of-care
professionals, informaticians will have clear roles in the health care setting. Informaticians
are essential members of the health care team with unique skills that facilitate the acceptance
and understanding of the technology.
Rationale 3:
As systems become more complex and strategic planners attempt to create an environment
where technology is the norm and understood by all stakeholders and point-of-care
professionals, informaticians will have clear roles in the health care setting. Informaticians
are essential members of the health care team with unique skills that facilitate the acceptance
and understanding of the technology.
Rationale 4:
As systems become more complex and strategic planners attempt to create an environment
where technology is the norm and understood by all stakeholders and point-of-care
professionals, informaticians will have clear roles in the health care setting. Informaticians
are essential members of the health care team with unique skills that facilitate the acceptance
and understanding of the technology.
Question 14
Ethnographic studies have been incorporated within health care settings by informaticians to
glean data at the point of care. Which of the following statements about ethnography is true?
1. Ethnography is a quantitative method from anthropology and sociology that includes
fieldwork and analysis of people in cultural, social settings.
2. In ethnography researchers describe the person of interest’s point of view focusing on
experience and interactions in social settings rather than the actions themselves.
3. Ethnography is an outdated method of inquiry.
4. The use of ethnography is criticized as a method to determine HCI effectiveness.
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1:
Ethnography is a qualitative method from anthropology and sociology that includes fieldwork
and analysis of people in cultural, social settings.
Rationale 2:
In ethnography researchers describe the person of interest’s point of view focusing on
experience and interactions in social settings rather than the actions themselves. Data are
extrapolated in a systematic manner to determine the effectiveness of an initiative from the
person's perspective.
Rationale 3:
Ethnographers review data from the participants perspective in a nonbiased manner and is an
acceptable research methodology.
Rationale 4:
In ethnography researchers describe the person of interest’s point of view focusing on
experience and interactions in social settings rather than the actions themselves.
Test Bank for Handbook of Informatics for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals
Toni Lee Hebda, Patricia Czar, Theresa Calderone
9780132574952, 9780132959544, 9780134711010, 9780131512627, 9780130311023, 9780805373264, 9780135205433, 9780135043943
