Chapter 19: Ears, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Drugs Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following is NOT one of the actions of newer antihistamine drugs? a. cause drowsiness b. decrease itching and redness c. dry up secretions d. shrink edematous mucous membranes Answer: a. cause drowsiness Correct Feedback: A significant side effect of older antihistamine drugs was drowsiness; however, newer antihistamine drugs have a different chemical structure, and they do not cause drowsiness. b. decrease itching and redness Incorrect Feedback: Newer antihistamine drugs do decrease itching and redness. c. dry up secretions Incorrect Feedback: Newer antihistamine drugs do dry up secretions. d. shrink edematous mucous membranes Incorrect Feedback: Newer antihistamine drugs do shrink edematous mucous membranes. 2. The corticosteroid drug triamcinolone (Kenalog in Orabase) is prescribed to treat mouth ulcers and inflammation. It comes in the drug form of a/an _________. a. gel b. liquid c. ointment d. paste Answer: d. paste Correct Feedback: The corticosteroid drug triamcinolone (Kenalog in Orabase) is applied topically as a paste to treat mouth ulcers and inflammation. a. gel Incorrect Feedback: Triamcinolone (Kenalog in Orabase) does not come as a gel. b. liquid Incorrect Feedback: Triamcinolone (Kenalog in Orabase) does not come as a liquid. c. ointment Incorrect Feedback: Triamcinolone (Kenalog in Orabase) does not come as an ointment. 3. Antitussive drugs decrease _______. a. coughing b. sneezing c. sputum production d. edema and inflammation Answer: a. coughing Correct Feedback: Antitussive drugs decrease coughing by suppressing the cough center in the brain. b. sneezing Incorrect Feedback: Antitussive drugs do not decrease sneezing. c. sputum production Incorrect Feedback: Antitussive drugs do not decrease sputum production. d. edema and inflammation Incorrect Feedback: Antitussive drugs do not decrease edema and inflammation. 4. Which of the following is NOT a route of administration for decongestant drugs? a. intravenously b. nasal spray c. orally d. topically as drops Answer: a. intravenously Correct Feedback: Decongestant drugs are not administered intravenously. They can be administered topically as nose drops or nasal sprays, or they can be taken orally. b. nasal spray Incorrect Feedback: Decongestant drugs are administered by nasal spray. c. orally Incorrect Feedback: Decongestant drugs are administered orally. d. topically as drops Incorrect Feedback: Decongestant drugs are administered topically as nose drops. 5. Allen Southerby has allergic rhinitis. He takes a mast cell stabilizer drug, and this drug ________. a. decreases inflammation and edema of mucous membranes b. breaks up sputum that must be expelled from the lungs c. prevents the release of histamine d. constricts blood vessels to reduce blood flow to edematous mucous membranes Answer: c. prevents the release of histamine Correct Feedback: Mast cell stabilizer drugs stabilize the cell membranes of mast cells in the tissues of the nose and prevent them from releasing histamine during the immune system’s response to an antigen. a. decreases inflammation and edema of mucous membranes Incorrect Feedback: A mast cell stabilizer drug does not decrease inflammation and edema of mucous membranes. b. breaks up sputum that must be expelled from the lungs Incorrect Feedback: A mast cell stabilizer drug does not break up sputum in the lungs. d. constricts blood vessels to reduce blood flow to edematous mucous membranes Incorrect Feedback: A mast cell stabilizer drug does not constrict blood vessels to reduce blood flow to edematous mucous membranes. 6. The sulfonamide anti-infective drug sulfadiazine is used to treat otitis media. It is given ________. a. by intramuscular injection b. intravenously c. orally d. topically Answer: c. orally Correct Feedback: The sulfonamide anti-infective drug sulfadiazine, used to treat otitis media, is given orally. a. by intramuscular injection Incorrect Feedback: Sulfadiazine is not given by intramuscular injection. b. intravenously Incorrect Feedback: Sulfadiazine is not given intravenously. d. topically Incorrect Feedback: Sulfadiazine is not given topically. 7. Antihistamine drugs are prescribed to stop the release of histamine. Which of the following is NOT caused by the release of histamine? a. infection b. irritation of tissues c. pain and itching d. vasodilation Answer: a. infection Correct Feedback: Histamine does not cause infections. Histamine causes vasodilation, and the blood vessels and mucous membranes become swollen and red. Histamine also irritates these tissues directly, causing pain and itching. b. irritation of tissues Incorrect Feedback: Histamine irritates tissues directly. c. pain and itching Incorrect Feedback: Histamine causes pain and itching. d. vasodilation Incorrect Feedback: Histamine causes vasodilation in which the blood vessels and mucous membranes become swollen and red. 8. Antitussive drugs are prescribed ________. a. for nonproductive coughs b. for productive coughs c. to relieve congestion and inflammation d. to dry mucous membrane secretions Answer: a. for nonproductive coughs Correct Feedback: The main purpose of antitussive drugs is to control dry, nonproductive coughs. They are not prescribed to treat a productive cough when sputum is present. b. for productive coughs Incorrect Feedback: Antitussive drugs are not prescribed for productive coughs. c. to relieve congestion and inflammation Incorrect Feedback: Antitussive drugs are not prescribed to relieve congestion and inflammation. d. to dry mucous membrane secretions Incorrect Feedback: Antitussive drugs are not prescribed to dry up mucous membrane secretions. 9. Antihistamine drugs are ________. a. only available as over-the-counter drugs b. only available as prescription drugs c. available as both as over-the-counter and prescription drugs d. Schedule III drugs Answer: c. available as both as over-the-counter and prescription drugs Correct Feedback: Antihistamine drugs are both over-the-counter and prescription drugs. a. only available as over-the-counter drugs Incorrect Feedback: Antihistamine drugs are available over-the-counter and by prescription. b. only available as prescription drugs Incorrect Feedback: Antihistamine drugs are available over-the-counter and by prescription. d. Schedule III drugs Incorrect Feedback: There are no antihistamine drugs that are schedule drugs. 10. Corticosteroid drugs used intranasally to treat allergies are ________. a. only available as over-the-counter drugs b. only available as prescription drugs c. available as both over-the-counter and by prescription d. Schedule III drugs Answer: b. only available as prescription drugs Correct Feedback: Corticosteroid drugs are available by prescription only. a. only available as over-the-counter drugs Incorrect Feedback: Intranasal corticosteroid drug are not available over-thecounter. c. available as both over-the-counter and by prescription Incorrect Feedback: Intranasal corticosteroid drugs are not available over-thecounter. d. Schedule III drugs Incorrect Feedback: Intranasal corticosteroid drugs are not schedule drugs. 11. Topical corticosteroid drugs are used to treat inflammation in _______. a. the nose b. the ears c. the mouth d. the nose, ears, and mouth Answer: d. the nose, ears, and mouth Correct Feedback: There are topical corticosteroid drugs for the nose, for the mouth, and for the ears. a. the nose Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. b. the ears Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. c. the mouth Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. 12. The drug nystatin (Mycostatin, Nilstat) is categorized as a/an ________. a. antibiotic drug b. antiviral drug c. antiyeast drug d. corticosteroid drug Answer: c. antiyeast drug Correct Feedback: Nystatin (Mycostatin, Nilstat) is a topical antiyeast drug used to treat a yeast infection in the mouth (oral candidiasis). a. antibiotic drug Incorrect Feedback: Nystatin is not an antibiotic drug. b. antiviral drug Incorrect Feedback: Nystatin is not an antiviral drug. d. corticosteroid drug Incorrect Feedback: Nystatin is not a corticosteroid drug. 13. The drug ofloxacin (Floxin Otic) is used in the ________. a. nose b. ears c. mouth d. nose, ears, and mouth Answer: b. ears Correct Feedback: The drug ofloxacin (Floxin Otic) is used in the ears only. Otic is an adjective that means pertaining to the ear. a. nose Incorrect Feedback: Floxin Otic is not used in the nose. c. mouth Incorrect Feedback: Floxin Otic is not used in the mouth. d. nose, ears, and mouth Incorrect Feedback: Floxin Otic is only used in one of these locations. 14. Which of the following is a narcotic antitussive drug? a. benzonatate (Tessalon) b. hydrocodone (Hycodan) c. dextromethorphan (Robitussin, Vicks 44) d. all of the above Answer: b. hydrocodone (Hycodan) Correct Feedback: Some antitussive drugs contain codeine or hydrocodone, which are prescription Schedule III narcotic drugs. These drugs are used to treat severe, nonproductive coughing and include codeine and hydrocodone (Hycodan). a. benzonatate (Tessalon) Incorrect Feedback: Tessalon is not a narcotic antitussive drug. c. dextromethorphan (Robitussin, Vicks 44) Incorrect Feedback: Dextromethorphan is not a narcotic antitussive drug. d. all of the above Incorrect Feedback: Only one of the answers is correct. 15. Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Prescription cough syrups that contain a controlled substance can be addicting. b. The DEA reports that prescription cough syrups are available from some online pharmacies that do not verify the prescriptions sent to them. c. The nonnarcotic antitussive drug dextromethorphan is commonly available over the counter, but is not abused by teenagers. d. The combination drug Guaifenex PSE contains the expectorant drug guaifenesin and the decongestant drug pseudoephedrine. Answer: c. The nonnarcotic antitussive drug dextromethorphan is commonly available over the counter, but is not abused by teenagers. Correct Feedback: The website for Partnership for a Drug-Free America notes that the nonnarcotic antitussive drug dextromethorphan is also being abused by 1 out of every 10 teenagers. Because it is an over-the-counter drug, it is readily available. a. Prescription cough syrups that contain a controlled substance can be addicting. Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement. b. The DEA reports that prescription cough syrups are available from some online pharmacies that do not verify the prescriptions sent to them. Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement. d. The combination drug Guaifenex PSE contains the expectorant drug guaifenesin and the decongestant drug pseudoephedrine. Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement. 16. Which of the following statements concerning antihistamine drugs is FALSE? a. They block H1 receptors. b. They are not included in combination drugs for treating the common cold. c. They are useful for treating allergies. d. Newer antihistamine drugs produce less drowsiness. Answer: b. They are not included in combination drugs for treating the common cold. Correct Feedback: Drug companies combine antihistamine drugs and decongestant drugs in over-the-counter cold remedies because antihistamine drugs have a drying effect on the mucous membranes that is helpful during a cold. a. They block H1 receptors. Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement. c. They are useful for treating allergies. Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement. d. Newer antihistamine drugs produce less drowsiness. Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement. 17. Yeasts ________. a. are one-celled organisms b. are closely related to fungi c. grow easily in the warm, moist, dark environment of the mouth d. all of the above Answer: d. all of the above Correct Feedback: Yeasts, which are one-celled organisms that are closely related to fungi, grow easily in the warm, moist, dark environment of the mouth. a. are one-celled organisms Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement, but it is not the only correct answer. b. are closely related to fungi Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement, but it is not the only correct answer. c. grow easily in the warm, moist, dark environment of the mouth Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement, but it is not the only correct answer. 18. The trade name for the generic drug diphenhydramine is _______. a. Afrin b. Sudafed c. Benadryl d. Zyrtec Answer: c. Benadryl Correct Feedback: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is an over-the-counter and prescription antihistamine drug. a. Afrin Incorrect Feedback: Afrin is not the trade name for diphenhydramine. b. Sudafed Incorrect Feedback: Sudafed is not the trade name for diphenhydramine. d. Zyrtec Incorrect Feedback: Zyrtec is not the trade name for diphenhydramine. 19. The label of the antiyeast drug nystatin (Mycostatin) says “Shake well before using” because it is in the drug form of a ________. a. liquid b. nasal spray c. suspension d. topical ointment Answer: c. suspension Correct Feedback: Nystatin (Mycostatin) is an antiyeast drug used to treat yeast infections in the mouth. This drug comes in the drug form of an oral suspension. Note the instructions on the label to “Shake well before using.” A suspension contains fine, undissolved particles of a drug suspended in a water base. It is important to shake a suspension before measuring the dose so that the drug particles are evenly suspended throughout, rather than settled at the bottom. a. liquid Incorrect Feedback: Not all liquids need to be shaken before using. b. nasal spray Incorrect Feedback: Nystatin (Mycostatin) does not come in the form of a nasal spray. d. topical ointment Incorrect Feedback: Nystatin (Mycostatin) does not come in the form of a topical ointment. 20. Corticosteroid drugs applied intranasally (topically in the nose) include all of the following EXCEPT _______. a. Beconase b. Rhinocort c. Nasalide d. Coly-Mycin S Otic Answer: d. Coly-Mycin S Otic Correct Feedback: Coly-Mycin S Otic (hydrocortisone, neomycin) is a combination drug that is used to treat infections of the ear. a. Beconase Incorrect Feedback: Beclomethasone (Beconase) is a corticosteroid drug that is applied intranasally. b. Rhinocort Incorrect Feedback: Budesonide (Rhinocort) is a corticosteroid drug that is applied intranasally. c. Nasalide Incorrect Feedback: Flunisolide (Nasalide) is a corticosteroid drug that is applied intranasally. 21. An otic solution should only be used in the ______. a. mouth b. ear c. nose d. all of the above Answer: b. ear Correct Feedback: Otic is an adjective that means pertaining to the ear. a. mouth Incorrect Feedback: An otic solution is not used in the mouth. c. nose Incorrect Feedback: An otic solution is not used in the nose. d. all of the above Incorrect Feedback: There is only one correct answer. 22. The action of decongestant nasal sprays such as Afrin is to produce what effect on the nasal mucous membrane? a. Constrict the blood vessels in the mucous membranes b. Decrease mucous membrane swelling c. Allow secretions to drain d. all of the above Answer: d. all of the above Correct Feedback: Decongestant drugs decrease the swelling of mucous membranes, alleviate nasal stuffiness and sinus congestion, allow secretions to drain, and help open up the eustachian tubes to the ears. a. Constrict the blood vessels in the mucous membranes Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. b. Decrease mucous membrane swelling Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. c. Allow secretions to drain Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. 23. Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Antihistamine drugs are effective in treating bacteria or viruses that cause the common cold. b. The symptoms of allergies and colds are similar. c. During both allergies and colds, there is a release of histamine. d. All of the above are true statements. Answer: b. The symptoms of allergies and colds are similar. Correct Feedback: Although symptoms of allergies and colds are similar, no release of histamine occurs during the common cold. a. Antihistamine drugs are effective in treating bacteria or viruses that cause the common cold. Incorrect Feedback: This is a false statement. c. During both allergies and colds, there is a release of histamine. Incorrect Feedback: This is a false statement. d. All of the above are true statements. Incorrect Feedback: Only one of the statements is true. 24. All of the following are antihistamine drugs EXCEPT _______. a. Clarinex b. Allegra c. Nasalide d. Tavist Answer: c. Nasalide Correct Feedback: Flunisolide (Nasalide) is a corticosteroid drug that is administered intranasally. a. Clarinex Incorrect Feedback: Clarinex is an antihistamine drug. b. Allegra Incorrect Feedback: Allegra is an antihistamine drug. d. Tavist Incorrect Feedback: Tavist is an antihistamine drug. 25. Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. You cannot always associate a particular generic drug with a particular trade name. b. The antihistamine drugs Seldane and Hismanal were taken off the market because they caused drowsiness. c. The chemical structure of the antihistamine drug Allegra is a modified version of Benadryl. d. Cromolyn (Nasalcrom) is a corticosteroid drug used in the nose. Answer: a. You cannot always associate a particular generic drug with a particular trade name. Correct Feedback: You cannot always associate a particular generic drug with a particular trade name. Tavist Allergy contains the generic antihistamine drug clemastine, while Tavist ND (nondrowsy) contains the generic antihistamine drug loratadine. b. The antihistamine drugs Seldane and Hismanal were taken off the market because they caused drowsiness. Incorrect Feedback: The antihistamine drugs Seldane and Hismanal were taken off the market because they caused fatal heart arrhythmias. c. The chemical structure of the antihistamine drug Allegra is a modified version of Benadryl. Incorrect Feedback: The antihistamine Allegra is not derived from Benadryl. d. Cromolyn (Nasalcrom) is a corticosteroid drug used in the nose. Incorrect Feedback: Cromolyn (Nasalcrom) is not a corticosteroid drug. 26. Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Most common colds are caused by bacteria. b. Rhin/o- is the Greek combining form that means ear. c. Yeasts grow in warm, dark environments like the mouth. d. Acetaminophen and codeine are common analgesic drugs used in combination ENT drugs used to treat colds and flu. Answer: c. Yeasts grow in warm, dark environments like the mouth. Correct Feedback: Yeasts, which are one-celled organisms that are closely related to fungi, grow easily in the warm, moist, dark environment of the mouth. a. Most common colds are caused by bacteria. Incorrect Feedback: Most common colds are not caused by bacteria. b. Rhin/o- is the Greek combining form that means ear. Incorrect Feedback: Rhin/o- does not mean ear. d. Acetaminophen and codeine are common analgesic drugs used in combination ENT drugs used to treat colds and flu. Incorrect Feedback: Codeine is not an analgesic drug. 27. Which of the following pairs does NOT contain two trade name decongestant drugs? a. Afrin and Duration b. Dimetapp and Triaminic c. Sudafed and Drixoral d. Astelin and Tavist Allergy Answer: d. Astelin and Tavist Allergy Correct Feedback: Azelastine (Astelin) and clemastine (Tavist Allergy) are antihistamine drugs. a. Afrin and Duration Incorrect Feedback: Afrin and Duration are decongestant drugs. b. Dimetapp and Triaminic Incorrect Feedback: Dimetapp and Triaminic are decongestant drugs. c. Sudafed and Drixoral Incorrect Feedback: Sudafed and Drixoral are decongestant drugs. 28. Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Second-generation antihistamine drugs include diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and loratadine (Claritin). b. First-generation antihistamine drugs are nonselective and bind to histamine receptors in the brain and body. c. First-generation antihistamine drugs are known to cause drowsiness and impaired performance when driving or operating machinery. d. Second-generation antihistamine drugs relieve redness, inflammation, and itching, but do not cause drowsiness. Answer: a. Second-generation antihistamine drugs include diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and loratadine (Claritin). Correct Feedback: First-generation antihistamine drugs include diphenhydramine (Benadryl). b. First-generation antihistamine drugs are nonselective and bind to histamine receptors in the brain and body. Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement. c. First-generation antihistamine drugs are known to cause drowsiness and impaired performance when driving or operating machinery. Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement. d. Second-generation antihistamine drugs relieve redness, inflammation, and itching, but do not cause drowsiness. Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement. 29. To treat edematous mucous membranes in the nose and sinuses, decongestant drugs act as vasodilators to increase blood flow to those areas. Answer: False Feedback: Decongestant drugs act as vasoconstrictors to reduce blood flow to edematous mucous membranes in the nose, sinuses, and pharynx. 30. Corticosteroid drugs have a decongestant effect and an antihistamine effect. Answer: False Feedback: Corticosteroid drugs have no decongestant or antihistamine effect. 31. Antibiotic drugs may be prescribed for some patients with viral colds to prevent subsequent superimposed bacterial infections from developing. Answer: True Feedback: Antibiotic drugs may be prescribed preventatively for some patients with viral colds to prevent a subsequent superimposed bacterial infection from developing. 32. Sulfonamide drugs are a type of anti-infective drug that inhibits the growth of bacteria. Answer: True Feedback: Sulfonamide drugs are a type of anti-infective drug that inhibits the growth of bacteria. 33. Some over-the-counter antitussive drugs contain codeine or hydrocodone. Answer: False Feedback: Some antitussive drugs contain codeine or hydrocodone, which are prescription Schedule III narcotic drugs. 34. Expectorant drugs have the opposite therapeutic effect from that of antitussive drugs. Answer: True Feedback: Expectorant drugs exert an opposite therapeutic effect from that of antitussive drugs. 35. Corticosteroid drugs can be administered intranasally to treat allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. Answer: True Feedback: Corticosteroid drugs are administered intranasally to treat allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. 36. Swimmer’s ear, external otitis, and otitis media can be treated with topical antibiotic solutions applied to the inner ear. Answer: False Feedback: These antibiotic drugs are applied topically as a solution in the external ear canal to treat bacterial infections such as swimmer’s ear and external otitis, as well as infection of the tympanic membrane (otitis media). 37. Decongestant drugs are commonly prescribed for colds and allergies. Answer: True Feedback: Decongestant drugs are commonly prescribed for colds and allergies. 38. Decongestant drugs are available over-the-counter and by prescription. Answer: True Feedback: Decongestant drugs are over-the-counter drugs as well as prescription drugs. 39. Antibiotics drugs are the drug of choice to cure the common cold. Answer: False Feedback: Antibiotic drugs are not effective in treating the common cold because it is usually caused by a virus. 40. Corticosteroid drugs are used to treat moderate-to-severe common colds that are unresponsive to other drugs. Answer: False Feedback: Corticosteroid drugs are not used to treat the common cold. 41. “Swish and swallow” is the way an adult is told to take an oral suspension of a drug used to treat oral candidiasis. Answer: True Feedback: An adult with oral candidiasis is told to “swish and swallow” the oral suspension. The swishing action helps to coat all areas of the oral cavity, and swallowing ensures that the drug coats the pharynx and esophagus, which can also be infected. 42. The antihistamine drug hydroxyzine (Vistaril) is given preoperatively to decrease oral secretions. Answer: True Feedback: Hydroxyzine (Vistaril) is not used to treat allergies. Instead, its typical side effects of drowsiness and dry mouth are used as therapeutic effects when Vistaril is given as a preoperative drug to calm the patient and decrease oral secretions prior to intubation during surgery. 43. The nonnarcotic drug dextromethorphan is an effective antitussive drug Answer: True Feedback: The antitussive drug dextromethorphan is an over-the-counter drug that is also commonly seen in combination drugs used to treat coughs and colds. 44. If the patient has a productive cough, an antitussive drug should be prescribed. Answer: False Feedback: Antitussive drugs are not prescribed to treat a productive cough because, when sputum is present, it is important for the patient to cough up this sputum. 45. __________ drugs exert their effect by blocking H1 receptors in the nose and throat. Answer: Antihistamine Feedback: Antihistamine drugs exert their therapeutic effect by blocking histamine H1 receptors in the nose and throat. 46. __________ drugs act by inhibiting the body’s immune system. They decrease inflammation and edema of the mucous membranes. Answer: Corticosteroid Feedback: Corticosteroid drugs act by inhibiting the body’s immune system. They decrease inflammation and edema of the mucous membranes. 47. Antibiotic drugs are prescribed for colds caused by bacterial infections, particularly by the bacteria __________ that cause strep throat. Answer: streptococci Feedback: Antibiotic drugs are prescribed for colds caused by bacterial infections, particularly streptococci that cause strep throat. 48. Topical antiyeast drugs are used to treat a Candida albicans yeast infection in the mouth, which is known as oral _______ or thrush or monilia. Answer: candidiasis Feedback: Topical antiyeast drugs are used to treat a yeast infection in the mouth, known as oral candidiasis (thrush) or monilia. 49. Antihistamine drugs stop the release of histamines from __________ cells. Answer: mast Feedback: Histamine is released from mast cells in the tissues during an allergic reaction. 50. The nasal spray drug oxymetazoline (Afrin 12-Hour, Duration) belongs to the __________ category of drugs. Answer: decongestant Feedback: The over-the-counter generic decongestant drug oxymetazoline is also available under the trade names Afrin 12-Hour and Duration. 51. The drug ofloxacin (Floxin Otic) belongs to the __________ category of drugs. Answer: antibiotic Feedback: The drug ofloxacin (Floxin Otic) belongs to the antibiotic category of drugs. 52. The drug sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin Pediatric) is categorized as a ___________ drug, which is a type of anti-infective drug. Answer: sulfonamide Feedback: Sulfonamide drugs such as sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin Pediatric) are a type of anti-infective drug that inhibits the growth of bacteria. 53. The drug dextromethorphan (Robitussin, Vicks 44) is categorized as a/an _________ drug. Answer: antitussive Feedback: Antitussive drugs such as dextromethorphan (Robitussin, Vicks 44) decrease coughing. 54. Define these abbreviations. H1 (receptors) __________ ENT _______________ DM _______________ Answer: histamine 1; ears, nose, and throat; dextromethorphan 55. 1. beclomethasone (Beconase) A. antihistamine drug 2. budesonide (Rhinocort) B. corticosteroid drug 3. cetirizine (Zyrtex) 4. desloratadine (Clarinex) 5. diphenhydramine (Benadryl) 6. fexofenadine (Allegra) 7. fluticasone (Flonase, Veramyst) 8. loratadine (Claritin, Tavist) 9. mometasone (Nasonex) 10. triamcinolone (Nasacort) Answer: B Answer: B Answer: A Answer: A Answer: A Answer: A Answer: B Answer: A Answer: B Answer: B Feedback: These drugs and their categories are found throughout the chapter. Essay Questions 56. Briefly explain how antitussive drugs work and when they are, and are not, prescribed. Answer: Antitussive drugs decrease coughing by suppressing the cough center in the brain or by anesthetizing stretch receptors in the respiratory tract. Their main purpose is to control dry, nonproductive coughs. These drugs are not prescribed to treat a productive cough because, when sputum is present, it is important for the patient to cough up this sputum. 57. There are five things that decongestant drugs do. Name two of them. Answer: Decongestant drugs: 1. decrease the swelling of mucous membranes, 2. alleviate nasal stuffiness, 3. alleviate sinus congestion, 4. allow secretions to drain, and 5. help open up the eustachian tubes to the ears. 58. Briefly explain why the practice of prescribing antibiotic drugs for viral colds is no longer recommended in most cases. Answer: Antibiotics may be prescribed preventively for some patients with viral colds to prevent subsequent superimposed bacterial infections from developing, although this practice is not recommended as it contributes to the overuse of antibiotic drugs. 59. What is the memory tip that helps you remember that the corticosteroid drug Rhinocort is used in the nose? Answer: The trade name Rhinocort is derived from rhin/o- and –cort. Rhin/o- is a combining form that means nose. Memory tip: It is a rhinoceros that has the large horn on its nose. The suffix –cort is an abbreviation for corticosteroid. 60. Briefly explain why a common side effect of intranasal corticosteroid drugs is the development of nasal infections or colds. Answer: All corticosteroid drugs suppress the immune system as they decrease inflammation. However, the nose is an important site where air coming into the lungs is filtered and white blood cells from the immune system normally attack and kill bacteria and viruses. Therefore, a common side effect of intranasal corticosteroid drugs is the development of nasal infections or colds from the suppression of the immune system’s activity in the nose. 61. Describe how to administer the oral suspension of a drug to an infant with oral candidiasis. Answer: (1) An infant with oral candidiasis is given an oral suspension of the antiyeast drug. The entire dose is placed in an unattached nipple, and the infant sucks on the nipple until the dose is gone. The drug is not mixed with milk or formula in a bottle because the infant might not drink the entire bottle and would not get the full dose of the drug. Also, the drug should not be diluted with milk or formula because it needs to adhere to the mucous membranes of the oral cavity in order to be effective. Test Bank for Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals Susan M. Turley 9780135145708, 9780133911268
Download
Close
Close
