CH-16 Psychiatric Drugs – Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals : Exam Guide

Chapter 16: Psychiatric Drugs Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which drugs are by far the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of anxiety and neurosis? a. benzodiazepine drugs b. dibenzapine drugs c. phenothiazine drugs d. tricyclic antidepressant drugs Answer: a. benzodiazepine drugs Correct Feedback: Benzodiazepine drugs are by far the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of anxiety and neurosis. b. dibenzapine drugs Incorrect Feedback: Dibenzapine drugs are not used to treat anxiety and neurosis. c. phenothiazine drugs Incorrect Feedback: Phenothiazine drugs are used not used to treat anxiety and neurosis. d. tricyclic antidepressant drugs Incorrect Feedback: Tricyclic antidepressant drugs are not used to treat anxiety and neurosis. 2. Robert Crawford has been a drug addict for six months. Now, he is increasing the amount of the drug he takes but is still not getting the effect he craves. This is because he is now experiencing _____. a. dependence b. euphoria c. tolerance d. all of the above Answer: c. tolerance Correct Feedback: Answer: c Feedback: After a brief period of abuse, the person experiences dependence (the need for the drug to prevent withdrawal symptoms). Later, the person exhibits tolerance (decreasing effect even with increasing amounts of the drug). a. dependence Incorrect Feedback: Dependence occurs quickly and is the need for the drug to prevent withdrawal symptoms. b. euphoria Incorrect Feedback: Euphoria is the high that is experienced by addicts. d. all of the above Incorrect Feedback: These effects do not all occur at the same time. 3. Which of the following is NOT one of the drug categories of antipsychotic drugs used to treat schizophrenia? a. benzisoxazole b. lithium c. dipenzapine d. phenothiazine Answer: b. lithium Correct Feedback: Answer: b Feedback: Lithium is not a category of drugs. It is a generic name drug. Also, lithium is used to treat manic-depressive disorder, not schizophrenia. a. benzisoxazole Incorrect Feedback: Benzisoxazole is a category of drugs used to treat schizophrenia. c. dipenzapine Incorrect Feedback: Dipenzapine drugs are most commonly prescribed for the treatment of schizophrenia. d. phenothiazine Incorrect Feedback: Phenothiazine is a category of drugs used to treat schizophrenia. 4. Tricyclic antidepressant drugs are so named because of the ______. a. three cycles of metabolism that they undergo before being excreted b. three hormones (dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine) that are affected by their administration c. triple action of these drugs in the limbic system, motor cortex, and hypothalamus in the brain d. triple-ring configuration of the chemical structure of the drug Answer: d. triple-ring configuration of the chemical structure of the drug Correct Feedback: Tricyclic antidepressant drugs are so named because of the triple-ring configuration of their chemical structure. a. three cycles of metabolism that they undergo before being excreted Incorrect Feedback: The name of tricyclic drugs is not based on their metabolism. b. three hormones (dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine) that are affected by their administration Incorrect Feedback: The name of tricyclic drugs is not based on these hormones. c. triple action of these drugs in the limbic system, motor cortex, and hypothalamus in the brain Incorrect Feedback: The name of tricyclic drugs is not based on their triple action. 5. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is treated with _____. a. antianxiety and antidepressant drugs b. antianxiety and anticonvulsant drugs c. anticonvulsant and antipsychotic drugs d. antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs Answer: d. antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs Correct Feedback: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is treated with antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs. a. antianxiety and antidepressant drugs Incorrect Feedback: OCD is not treated with antianxiety drugs. b. antianxiety and anticonvulsant drugs Incorrect Feedback: OCD is not treated with antianxiety or anticonvulsant drugs. c. anticonvulsant and antipsychotic drugs Incorrect Feedback: OCD is not treated with anticonvulsant drugs. 6. Panic disorder is treated with various types of ______. a. antianxiety and antidepressant drugs b. antianxiety and anticonvulsant drugs c. anticonvulsant and antipsychotic drugs d. antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs Answer: a. antianxiety and antidepressant drugs Correct Feedback: Panic disorder is treated with various types of antianxiety drugs and antidepressant drugs. b. antianxiety and anticonvulsant drugs Incorrect Feedback: Panic disorder is not treated with anticonvulsant drugs. c. anticonvulsant and antipsychotic drugs Incorrect Feedback: Panic disorder is not treated with anticonvulsant or anticpsychotic drugs. d. antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs Incorrect Feedback: Panic disorder is not treated with antipsychotic drugs. 7. Which of the following is NOT an antianxiety drug used to treat withdrawal from alcohol? a. methylphenidate (Concerta, Daytrana, Ritalin) b. chlordiazepoxide (Librium) c. clorazepate (Tranxene) d. diazepam (Valium) Answer: a. methylphenidate (Concerta, Daytrana, Ritalin) Correct Feedback: Methylphenidate (Concerta, Daytrana, Ritalin) is a stimulant drug used to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), not withdrawal from alcohol. Chlordiazepoxide (Librium), clorazepate (Tranxene), and diazepam (Valium) are antianxiety drugs used to treat withdrawal from alcohol. b. chlordiazepoxide (Librium) Incorrect Feedback: Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) is an antianxiety drug used to treat withdrawal from alcohol. c. clorazepate (Tranxene) Incorrect Feedback: Clorazepate (Tranxene) is an antianxiety drug used to treat withdrawal from alcohol. d. diazepam (Valium) Incorrect Feedback: Diazepam (Valium) is an antianxiety drug used to treat withdrawal from alcohol. 8. Which of the following drugs is NOT used to treat tardive dyskinesia? a. lithium (Lithobid) b. fluoxetine (Prozac) c. reserpine d. tetrabenazine (Xenazine) Answer: b. fluoxetine (Prozac) Correct Feedback: The drug fluoxetine (Prozac) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drug used to treat depression. a. lithium (Lithobid) Incorrect Feedback: Lithium is used to treat tardive dyskinesia. c. reserpine Incorrect Feedback: Reserpine is used to treat tardive dyskinesia. d. tetrabenazine (Xenazine) Incorrect Feedback: Tetrabenazine is used to treat tardive dyskinesia. 9. The side effects of dry mouth, dry eyes, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention that are common to tricyclic antidepressant drugs are because of their effect on the levels of _____. a. dopamine and levodopa b. epinephrine and norepinephrine c. histamine and acetylcholine d. monoamine oxidase and serotonin Answer: c. histamine and acetylcholine Correct Feedback: Tricyclic antidepressant drugs affect the levels of histamine and acetylcholine, and this produces the side effects of dry mouth, dry eyes, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention that are common to tricyclic antidepressant drugs. a. dopamine and levodopa Incorrect Feedback: Tricyclic drugs have no effect on dopamine or levodopa. b. epinephrine and norepinephrine Incorrect Feedback: Tricyclic drugs have no effect on epinephrine and norepinephrine. d. monoamine oxidase and serotonin Incorrect Feedback: Tricyclic drugs have no effect on monoamine oxidase. 10. SNRI drugs block the normal reuptake of _____ by neurons. a. epinephrine and dopamine b. histamine and acetylcholine c. monoamine oxidase and levodopa d. serotonin and norepinephrine Answer: d. serotonin and norepinephrine Correct Feedback: Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) drugs block the normal reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine by neurons. a. epinephrine and dopamine Incorrect Feedback: SNRI drugs do not block the normal reuptake of epinephrine and dopamine by neurons. b. histamine and acetylcholine Incorrect Feedback: SNRI drugs do not block the normal reuptake of histamine and acetylcholine by neurons. c. monoamine oxidase and levodopa Incorrect Feedback: SNRI drugs do not block the normal reuptake of monoamine oxidase and levodopa by nerve cells. 11. Which category of drug is NOT beneficial in treating the manic phase of manicdepressive disorder? a. anticonvulsant drugs b. antipsychotic drugs c. benzodiazepine antianxiety drugs d. narcotic drugs Answer: d. narcotic drugs Correct Feedback: Narcotic drugs are used to treat pain and also to treat withdrawal from addiction to heroin, cocaine, or narcotic drugs. Dihydroindolone drugs are used to treat psychosis and are not specifically helpful for the manic phase of manic-depression. Benzodiazepine antianxiety drugs, anticonvulsant drugs, and antipsychotic drugs are effective in treating the manic phase of manicdepressive disorder. a. anticonvulsant drugs Incorrect Feedback: Some anticonvulsant drugs are beneficial in treating the manic phase of manic-depressive disorder. b. antipsychotic drugs Incorrect Feedback: Some antipsychotic drugs are beneficial in treating the manic phase of manic-depressive disorder. c. benzodiazepine antianxiety drugs Incorrect Feedback: Some benzodiazepine antianxiety drugs are beneficial in treating the manic phase of manic-depressive disorder. 12. Instead of taking daily antidepressant drugs for social anxiety disorder, professional actors, musicians, singers, and others in the public eye who suffer from temporary performance anxiety, take the beta-blocker drug _____ just prior to the performance to block the physical effects of the excess epinephrine. a. citalopram (Celexa) b. bupropion (Aplenzin, Wellbutrin) c. propranolol (Inderal) d. venlafaxine (Effexor) Answer: c. propranolol (Inderal) Correct Feedback: Professional actors, musicians, singers, and others in the public eye can experience temporary performance anxiety that is limited to that occasion. Instead of taking daily selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant drugs, these individuals usually take propranolol (Inderal), a betablocker drug, just prior to the performance to block the physical effects of excess epinephrine that is released in response to anxiety. a. citalopram (Celexa) Incorrect Feedback: Citalopram (Celexa) is an antidepressant drug, not a betablocker drug. b. bupropion (Aplenzin, Wellbutrin) Incorrect Feedback: bupropion (Aplenzin, Wellbutrin) is an antidepressant drug, not a beta-blocker drug. d. venlafaxine (Effexor) Incorrect Feedback: Venlafaxine is an antidepressant drug, not a beta-blocker drug. 13. The use of drugs in treating posttraumatic stress disorder is centered around the fact that in posttraumatic stress disorder there are increased levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine and decreased levels of _____. a. cortisol b. histamine c. acetylcholine d. monoamine oxidase Answer: a. cortisol Correct Feedback: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is caused by exposure to life-threatening events or trauma. There are increased levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine and decreased levels of cortisol. b. histamine Incorrect Feedback: Histamine does not play a role in posttraumatic stress disorder. c. acetylcholine Incorrect Feedback: Acetylcholine does not play a role in posttraumatic stress disorder. d. monoamine oxidase Incorrect Feedback: Monoamine oxidase does not play a role in posttraumatic stress disorder. 14. Which of the following is NOT a benzodiazepine drug used to treat anxiety? a. alprazolam (Xanax) b. diazepam (Valium) c. chlorpromazine (Thorazine) d. clorazepate (Tranxene) Answer: c. chlorpromazine (Thorazine) Correct Feedback: Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) is a phenothiazine drug used to treat psychosis. Alprazolam (Xanax), diazepam (Valium), and clorazepate (Tranxene) are benzodiazepine drugs used to treat anxiety and neurosis. a. alprazolam (Xanax) Incorrect Feedback: Alprazolam (Xanax) is a benzodiazepine drug used to treat anxiety. b. diazepam (Valium) Incorrect Feedback: Diazepam (Valium) is a benzodiazepine drug used to treat anxiety. d. clorazepate (Tranxene) Incorrect Feedback: Clorazepate (Tranxene) is a benzodiazepine drug used to treat anxiety. 15. Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. The FDA required drug companies to put a warning label on many antidepressant drugs because they could cause acne, especially in teens and young adults. b. Antidepressant drugs are specifically used to treat anxiety that also has a component of depression. c. The antidepressant drug Prozac is also used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. d. SNRI drugs inhibit the normal reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine in treating depression. Answer: a. The FDA required drug companies to put a warning label on many antidepressant drugs because they could cause acne, especially in teens and young adults. Correct Feedback: In 2005, the FDA urged drug manufacturers of many antidepressant drugs to put a warning label on these drugs stating that patients taking antidepressant drugs can cause suicidal ideation to lead to suicide attempts, particularly in teens and young adults. b. Antidepressant drugs are specifically used to treat anxiety that also has a component of depression. Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement. c. The antidepressant drug Prozac is also used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement. d. SNRI drugs inhibit the normal reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine in treating depression. Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement. 16. Which of the following statements about duloxetine (Cymbalta) is FALSE? a. It is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) drug. b. It is used to treat depression, diabetic neuropathy, and fibromyalgia. c. It is used to treat withdrawal from heroin and cocaine. d. It comes in the form of a delayed-release capsule. Answer: c. It is used to treat withdrawal from heroin and cocaine. Correct Feedback: Duloxetine (Cymbalta), a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) drug, is used to treat depression and several other conditions: anxiety, diabetic neuropathy, and fibromyalgia. It comes in the drug form of a delayed-release capsule. a. It is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) drug. Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement. b. It is used to treat depression, diabetic neuropathy, and fibromyalgia. Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement. d. It comes in the form of a delayed-release capsule. Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement. 17. The psychotic symptoms of delusions, hallucinations, and bizarre behaviors are based on _____. a. a decreased level of dopamine b. overproduction of dopamine c. hypersensitivity of dopamine receptors d. b and c Answer: d. b and c Correct Feedback: The symptoms of psychosis include a loss of touch with reality, resulting in delusions, hallucinations, inappropriate mood, and bizarre behaviors. Psychotic symptoms are based, in part, on an overactivity of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain, either from an overproduction of dopamine or from a hypersensitivity of dopamine receptors. a. a decreased level of dopamine Incorrect Feedback: Psychotic symptoms are not based on a decreased level of dopamine. b. overproduction of dopamine Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. c. hypersensitivity of dopamine receptors Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. 18. Before World War II and before the introduction of antipsychotic drugs, schizophrenic patients were treated by _____. a. exposure to malaria to produce fever and delirium b. injection with insulin to cause convulsions and coma c. electroshock therapy d. all of the above Answer: d. all of the above Correct Feedback: Before World War II, schizophrenic patients were treated in several ways: They were exposed to malaria to produce a high fever and delirium, injected with enough insulin to cause convulsions and coma, or given electroshock therapy. a. exposure to malaria to produce fever and delirium Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct statement. b. injection with insulin to cause convulsions and coma Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct statement. c. electroshock therapy Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct statement. 19. Which of the following are NOT symptoms of neurosis? a. anxiety and anxiousness b. loss of touch with reality c. apprehension and tension d. vague, unsubstantiated fears Answer: b. loss of touch with reality Correct Feedback: A patient with anxiety or neurosis never experiences any loss of touch with reality. The symptoms of neurosis include anxiety, anxiousness, and tension—all at a more intense level than normal—as well as a feeling of apprehension with vague, unsubstantiated fears. a. anxiety and anxiousness Incorrect Feedback: Anxiety and anxiousness are symptoms of neurosis. c. apprehension and tension Incorrect Feedback: Apprehension and tension are symptoms of neurosis. d. vague, unsubstantiated fears Incorrect Feedback: Vague, unsubstantiated fears are symptoms of neurosis. 20. Which one of the following drugs is NOT used to treat ADHD? a. Strattera b. Daytrana c. Prozac d. Concerta Answer: c. Prozac Correct Feedback: Prozac is an antidepressant drug that is not used to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. Methylphenidate to treat ADHD is available in a long-acting tablet (Ritalin LA), in an extended-release tablet (Concerta), and as a transdermal patch (Daytrana). Atomoxetine (Strattera) is used to treat ADHD. a. Strattera Incorrect Feedback: Strattera is used to treat ADHD. b. Daytrana Incorrect Feedback: Daytrana is a transdermal patch that is used to treat ADHD. d. Concerta Incorrect Feedback: Concerta is used to treat ADHD. 21. Drugs used to treat neurosis are called ______. a. antianxiety drugs b. anxiolytic drugs c. minor tranquilizer drugs d. all of the above Answer: d. all of the above Correct Feedback: The treatment of neurosis involves the use of antianxiety drugs, which are also known as anxiolytic drugs or minor tranquilizer drugs. a. antianxiety drugs Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. b. anxiolytic drugs Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. c. minor tranquilizer drugs Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. 22. Drugs used to treat psychosis are called all of the following EXCEPT _____. a. benzodiazepine drugs b. neuroleptic drugs c. major tranquilizer drugs d. antipsychotic drugs Answer: a. benzodiazepine drugs Correct Feedback: Benzodiazepine drugs are used to treat anxiety and neurosis. The treatment of psychosis involves the use of antipsychotic drugs, which are also known as neuroleptic drugs or major tranquilizer drugs. b. neuroleptic drugs Incorrect Feedback: Drugs used to treat psychosis are called neuroleptic drugs. c. major tranquilizer drugs Incorrect Feedback: Drugs used to treat psychosis are called major tranquilizer drugs. d. antipsychotic drugs Incorrect Feedback: Drugs used to treat psychosis are called antipsychotic drugs. 23. Select the pair of drugs in which each drug is used to treat the same type of mental illness. a. Valium and Abilify b. Cymbalta and Effexor c. Lithium and Xanax d. Thorazine and Antabuse Answer: b. Cymbalta and Effexor Correct Feedback: Duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine (Effexor) are both serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) drugs that are used to treat depression. a. Valium and Abilify Incorrect Feedback: Valium is used to treat anxiety, but Abilify is used to treat psychosis. c. Lithium and Xanax Incorrect Feedback: Lithium is used to treat manic-depressive disorder, but Xanax is used to treat anxiety. d. Thorazine and Antabuse Incorrect Feedback: Thorazine is used to treat psychosis, but Antabuse is used to prevent drinking alcohol. 24. The words MAO, tricyclic, and tetracyclic all refer to what type of drugs? a. antianxiety drugs b. antipsychotic drugs c. antidepressant drugs d. drugs for ADHD Answer: c. antidepressant drugs Correct Feedback: There are several categories of antidepressant drugs: tricyclic antidepressant drugs, tetracyclic antidepressant drugs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drugs, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) drugs, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor drugs, and others. a. antianxiety drugs Incorrect Feedback: These words do not refer to antianxiety drugs. b. antipsychotic drugs Incorrect Feedback: These words do not refer to antipsychotic drugs. d. drugs for ADHD Incorrect Feedback: These words do not refer to drugs for ADHD. 25. All of the following statements about anorexia nervosa are true EXCEPT _____. a. The patient is of a normal weight. b. It is a psychiatric illness. c. The patient diets to the point of starvation but still feels fat. d. The patient weighs much less than expected for his/her age and height. Answer: a. The patient is of a normal weight. Correct Feedback: Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric illness in which the patient weighs much less than expected for his or her age and height, but cannot recognize this. The patient continues to diet, decreasing food intake to the point of starvation, denies being thin, and actually feels fat. Bulimia nervosa, on the other hand, is a psychiatric illness in which the patient is of normal weight. b. It is a psychiatric illness. Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement. c. The patient diets to the point of starvation but still feels fat. Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement. d. The patient weighs much less than expected for his/her age and height. Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement. 26. Marice Smith is recovering from an addiction to a narcotic drug. Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Addiction is a state of complete physical and psychological dependence on a drug. b. Recovering addicts can take methadone in the privacy of their own homes. c. Methadone can be used to treat severe pain or to treat narcotic drug addiction. d. The withdrawal process can be painful, both emotionally and physically. Answer: b. Recovering addicts can take methadone in the privacy of their own homes. Correct Feedback: Methadone, a Schedule II drug, is a narcotic agonist drug that can be used to relieve severe pain or to treat narcotic addition. It does not produce the degree of euphoria of other narcotic drugs, but because it has no antagonist effect, it cannot be given unsupervised. Recovering addicts must go to a clinic to obtain a daily dose of methadone. a. Addiction is a state of complete physical and psychological dependence on a drug. Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement. c. Methadone can be used to treat severe pain or to treat narcotic drug addiction. Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement. d. The withdrawal process can be painful, both emotionally and physically. Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement. 27. Ritalin was the first stimulant drug used to treat ADHD. Which of the following was a drawback of the original form of that drug? a. Its therapeutic effect only lasted four hours. b. A dose had to be taken at breakfast, lunch, and in the afternoon. c. It was embarrassing to children to have to take a dose during school. d. All of the above were drawbacks. Answer: d. All of the above were drawbacks. Correct Feedback: One drawback of Ritalin was that its therapeutic effect lasted only four hours, so a dose had to be taken at breakfast, at lunch, and in the late afternoon. This was difficult to manage and embarrassing to children who had to take the drug during school. Now methylphenidate is available in a long-acting tablet (Ritalin LA). a. Its therapeutic effect only lasted four hours. Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. b. A dose had to be taken at breakfast, lunch, and in the afternoon. Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. c. It was embarrassing to children to have to take a dose during school. Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. 28. Recovering alcoholic patients who take disulfiram (Antabuse) must _____. a. be warned about the adverse effects before starting the drug b. give their consent to treatment with this drug c. avoid alcoholic beverages, cough syrups, and mouthwashes d. all of the above Answer: d. all of the above Correct Feedback: Patient taking disulfiram (Antabuse) must first express a desire to remain sober and cannot be placed on this drug without being forewarned of these adverse effects and giving their consent to treatment. Patients must also be warned to avoid using cough syrups and mouthwashes that contain alcohol. a. be warned about the adverse effects before starting the drug Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct statement. b. give their consent to treatment with this drug Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct statement. c. avoid alcoholic beverages, cough syrups, and mouthwashes Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct statement. 29. Which of the following statements about ADHD is TRUE? a. It affects girls five times more often than boys. b. It was previously known as posttraumatic stress disorder. c. The most recent research suggests it may be a delay in brain development. d. It is caused by brain damage at birth or genetic factors that do not go away over time. Answer: c. The most recent research suggests it may be a delay in brain development. Correct Feedback: The cause of ADHD may be brain damage at birth, genetic factors, or other abnormalities. A 2007 study of progressive MRI scans of children with ADHD indicated that it is not a disease but a delay in brain development. It is five times more common in boys than in girls. Most children outgrow the symptoms of ADHD in late childhood. a. It affects girls five times more often than boys. Incorrect Feedback: This is a false statement. b. It was previously known as posttraumatic stress disorder. Incorrect Feedback: This is a false statement. d. It is caused by brain damage at birth or genetic factors that do not go away over time. Incorrect Feedback: This is a false statement. 30. What mental illness is the drug haloperidol (Haldol) used to treat? a. anxiety b. psychosis c. neurosis d. ADHD Answer: b. psychosis Correct Feedback: Haloperidol (Haldol) does not belong to one of the wellknown categories of drugs to treat psychosis. a. anxiety Incorrect Feedback: Haldol is not used to treat anxiety. c. neurosis Incorrect Feedback: Haldol is not used to treat neurosis. d. ADHD Incorrect Feedback: Haldol is not used to treat ADHD. 31. The suffix _____ is common to generic antipsychotic drugs that belong to the largest category of drugs used to treat psychosis and schizophrenia. a. –azepam b. –triptyline c. –azine d. –mao Answer: c. –azine Correct Feedback: The suffix –azine is common to generic phenothiazine antipsychotic drugs. a. –azepam Incorrect Feedback: The suffix –azepam is not common to generic antipsychotic drugs. b. –triptyline Incorrect Feedback: The suffix –triptyline is not common to generic antipsychotic drugs. d. –mao Incorrect Feedback: There is a drug category of MAO inhibitor drugs, but there are no generic drugs with the suffix –mao. True/False Questions 32. Benzodiazepine drugs affect emotional behavior by their action in the motor cortex of the brain. Answer: False Feedback: Benzodiazepine drugs for anxiety affect thought processes, and they affect emotional behavior by their action in the limbic system of the brain. 33. Antipsychotic drugs decrease psychotic symptoms of hostility, agitation, and paranoia without causing confusion or sedation. Answer: True Feedback: Antipsychotic drugs decrease psychotic symptoms of hostility, agitation, and paranoia without causing confusion or sedation. 34. Phenothiazine drugs for psychosis block dopamine, histamine, alpha, and serotonin receptors in the brain. Answer: True Feedback: Phenothiazine drugs for psychosis block dopamine, histamine, alpha, and serotonin receptors in the brain. 35. Although just slightly different in chemical structure, tetracyclic antidepressant drugs have a much stronger antidepressant effect than tricyclic antidepressant drugs. Answer: False Feedback: Although slightly different in chemical structure, tetracyclic antidepressant drugs have essentially the same therapeutic effect as the tricyclic antidepressant drugs. 36. Tricyclic antidepressants do not cause side effects of dry mouth, blurry vision, constipation, and urinary retention because they do not affect histamine or acetylcholine levels. Answer: False Feedback: Tricyclic antidepressant drugs affect the levels of histamine and acetylcholine, and this produces the side effects of dry mouth, dry eyes, blurry vision, constipation, and urinary retention. 37. MAO inhibitor drugs are the drug of choice for initiating treatment for depression. Answer: False Feedback: MAO inhibitor drugs are not the drug of choice for initiating treatment for depression; they are only used to treat depression that has not responded to other drugs. 38. Drugs used to treat manic-depressive disorder lessen the severity and frequency of the mood swings. Answer: True Feedback: Drugs used to treat manic-depressive disorder lessen the severity and frequency of the mood swings. 39. SSRI and SNRI antidepressant drugs are used to treat both social anxiety disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Answer: True Feedback: Social anxiety disorder is treated with SSRI or SNRI antidepressant drugs. Posttraumatic stress disorder is also treated with SSRI or SNRI antidepressant drugs. 40. The narcotic drug buprenorphine (Buprenex, Subutex) is used to treat withdrawal from addiction to heroin, cocaine, or narcotic drugs. Answer: True Feedback: Buprenorphine (Buprenex, Subutex) is a narcotic drug used to treat withdrawal from addiction to heroin, cocaine, or narcotic drugs. 41. Although it doesn’t seem to make sense to give an amphetamine drug to a patient who is hyperactive, it works because the amphetamine stimulant drug has a paradoxical effect. Answer: True Feedback: Amphetamine drugs are stimulant drugs that have a paradoxical (reverse) effect when given to patients with hyperactivity. 42. Benzodiazepine drugs bind to several different receptors in the brain to provide sedation and also to decrease muscle tension that comes with anxiety. Answer: True Feedback: Benzodiazepine drugs bind to several specific types of receptor sites in the brain to provide sedation. They also decrease the muscle tension that comes with anxiety. 43. Some antipsychotic drugs that are used to treat psychosis are also used to treat psychosis with agitation that occurs in patients with dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, or Parkinson’s disease. Answer: True Feedback: Some antipsychotic drugs are also used to treat the psychosis with agitation that commonly occurs in patients with dementia, Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease. 44. The phenothiazine drugs for psychosis are the largest category of drugs used to treat psychosis and schizophrenia. Answer: True Feedback: The phenothiazine drugs for psychosis are the largest category of drugs used to treat psychosis and schizophrenia. 45. The drug clonidine (Catapres) is used to treat schizophrenia, but is also used to treat hypertension, atrial fibrillation, severe pain in cancer patients, restless leg syndrome, and as an aid to stop smoking. Answer: True Feedback: The drug clonidine stimulates alpha2 receptors in the brain and is used to treat hypertension, atrial fibrillation, severe pain in cancer patients, and restless legs syndrome; it is also used as an aid to stop smoking, as well as its use as an antipsychotic drug to treat schizophrenia. 46. Tricyclic antidepressant drugs are so named because the tablet releases different amounts of the drug during three distinct phases of time. Answer: False Feedback: Tricyclic antidepressant drugs are so named because of the triple-ring configuration of their chemical structure. 47. Bipolar disorder is characterized by two opposite emotions of mania and anxiety. Answer: False Feedback: Manic-depressive disorder is characterized by two opposite emotions: mania and depression. Manic-depressive disorder is also known as bipolar disorder because the patient's moods swing between these two opposite poles of emotion. 48. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by mood swings between two poles. Answer: False Feedback: Manic-depressive disorder, not obsessive-compulsive disorder, is also known as bipolar disorder because the patient’s moods swing between these two opposite poles of emotion. 49. The original parent drug for the phenothiazine category of antipsychotic drugs was first manufactured as a wormer for livestock. Answer: True Feedback: Phenothiazine was the original parent drug for this group. It was first manufactured in 1883 as a wormer for livestock. 50. Minor tranquilizer drugs are not used as often as major tranquilizer drugs for treating anxiety and neurosis because they are older, less effective drugs. Answer: False Feedback: The phrase minor tranquilizer drug is somewhat of a misnomer in that it implies that this class of drugs is somehow less effective than the major tranquilizer drugs (which are used to treat psychosis). Minor tranquilizer drugs are extremely effective drugs with a specific therapeutic action for treating neurosis. 51. The generic antidepressant drug bupropion is available under the trade name Wellbutrin but also under the trade name Zyban which is used to help patients stop smoking. Answer: True Feedback: Wellbutrin comes in the form of a tablet, as well as an extended-release tablet (Wellbutrin XL) that only needs to be taken once a day for depression. This generic drug bupropion is also available as the trade name Zyban and is used as a non-nicotine stop-smoking aid. 52. The treatment of neurosis involves the use of antianxiety drugs, which are also known as _________ drugs or minor tranquilizer drugs. Answer: anxiolytic Feedback: The treatment of neurosis involves the use of antianxiety drugs, which are also known as anxiolytic drugs or minor tranquilizer drugs. 53. The suffix ________ is common to generic benzodiazepine drugs. Answer: –azepam Feedback: The suffix –azepam is common to generic benzodiazepine drugs. 54. The treatment of psychosis involves the use of antipsychotic drugs, which are also known as __________ drugs or major tranquilizer drugs. Answer: neuroleptic Feedback: The treatment of psychosis involves the use of antipsychotic drugs, which are also known as neuroleptic drugs or major tranquilizer drugs. 55. Antidepressant drugs are also known as ______-elevating drugs. Answer: mood Feedback: Antidepressant drugs, also known as mood-elevating drugs, not only alleviate the symptoms of depression, but also increase mental alertness, normalize sleep patterns, normalize appetite, and decrease suicidal ideation. 56. The suffixes _______ and –ipramine are common to many tricyclic antidepressant drugs. Answer: –triptyline Feedback: The suffixes –triptyline and –ipramine are common to many tricyclic antidepressant drugs. 57. SSRI drugs are often prescribed to treat depression. The abbreviation SSRI stands for _____. Answer: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor Feedback: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drugs block the normal reuptake of free serotonin by neurons. 58. The neurotransmitters epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin are collectively known as ________ because of their chemical structure. Answer: monoamines Feedback: The neurotransmitters epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin are collectively known as monoamines because of their chemical structure. 59. After a brief period of abuse, an addict experiences __________ (the need for the drug to prevent withdrawal symptoms). Answer: dependence Feedback: After a brief period of abuse, an addict experiences dependence (the need for the drug to prevent withdrawal symptoms). 60. ________ is the generic name for the trade name drug Valium. Answer: Diazepam Feedback: The benzodiazepine drug diazepam (Valium) is used to treat anxiety. 61. The book ______ Nation: Young and Depressed in America described one woman’s experience with depression and this drug. Answer: Prozac Feedback: The book Prozac Nation: Young and Depressed in America (1994) described one woman’s experience with depression, but the book quickly became the symbol of a generation of disillusioned, depressed young people in America. 62. _______ is the trade name of the generic drug chlorpromazine, the first antipsychotic drug. Answer: Thorazine Feedback: Chlorpromazine (Thorazine), the first of the modern antipsychotic drugs developed from the original parent molecule, is still one of the most widely used antipsychotic drugs. 63. Define these abbreviations. ADHD _____________ MAO _____________ OCD ______________ PTSD _____________ Answer: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, monoamine oxidase, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder 64. 1. alprazolam (Xanax) A. antidepressant drug used to treat panic disorder 2. chlorpromazine (Thorazine) B. benzodiazepine drug for anxiety 3. citalopram (Celexa) C. drug used as a deterrent to prevent drinking of alcohol 4. disulfiram (Antabuse) D. MAO inhibitor drug for depression 5. duloxetine (Cymbalta) E. phenothiazine drug for psychosis 6. fluoxetine (Prozac) F. SSRI drug for depression 7. doxepin (Sinequan) G. SNRI drug for depression 8. isocarboxazid (Marplan) H. stimulant drug for ADHD 9. methylphenidate (Ritalin) I. tetracyclic antidepressant drug 10. mirtazapine (Remeron) J. tricyclic antidepressant drug Answer: B Answer: E Answer: A Answer: C Answer: G Answer: F Answer: J Answer: D Answer: H Answer: I Feedback: These drugs and their categories are found throughout the chapter. 65. Briefly explain how tricyclic antidepressants work, specifically stating their action on neurotransmitters. Answer: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) inhibit the reuptake of and prolong the action of norepinephrine and serotonin released by the neurons in the brain. This helps to correct the low levels of these neurotransmitters that are found in patients with depression. Also, tricyclic antidepressant drugs increase the sensitivity of receptors on the neurons to available norepinephrine and serotonin. Thus, these drugs both prolong and enhance the action of norepinephrine and serotonin. 66. Briefly describe how SSRI drugs for depression work. Answer: SSRI drugs block the normal reuptake of free serotonin by nerve cells. When serotonin levels are low (in patients with depression), these drugs allow the available serotonin to bind with more receptors for a longer period of time before they are broken down and recycled. 67. Briefly describe why the drug methadone is prescribed and how it is given to addicts. Answer: Methadone, a Schedule II drug, is a narcotic agonist drug that can be used to relieve severe pain or to treat narcotic addition. It does not produce the degree of euphoria of other narcotic drugs, but because it has no antagonist effect, it cannot be given unsupervised. Recovering addicts must go to a clinic to obtain a daily dose of methadone. 68. Patients taking MAO inhibitor drugs should be warned against eating foods that are high in tyramine because this can cause violent headaches and severe hypertension. Name at least four of these foods. Answer: [Only need to name four.] When a patient takes an MAO inhibitor drug, the MAO enzyme is blocked and tyramine is not broken down in the intestine, but is absorbed into the blood. In the blood, large amounts of tyramine stimulate the release of norepinephrine, and this causes violent headaches, severe hypertension, and can even cause a stroke. This reaction occurs even more quickly if a patient eats foods that are high in tyramine; these include aged cheese, red wine, beer, chicken liver, bananas, bologna, salami, sausage, avocados, sauerkraut, raspberries, dried fruits, anchovies, caviar, meat tenderizer, soy sauce, ginseng, coffee, tea, colas, and chocolate. 69. Describe the unique drug-delivery technology of a tablet of Concerta, the stimulant drug used to treat ADHD. Answer: Concerta is an extended-release form of methylphenidate. It comes as a special oblong tablet that has a new, patented drug-delivery technology. One end of the tablet contains a tiny, laser-drilled hole through which one quarter of the drug’s daily dose is released immediately. Then, the other end of the tablet absorbs fluid from the intestines and expands internally, slowly forcing the rest of the drug dose through the hole over the next 12 hours. 70. Describe some of the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia caused by phenothiazine antipsychotic drugs. Answer: Symptoms of tardive dyskinesia include involuntary, repetitive movements of the face (grimacing, smacking the lips, chewing, blinking the eyes, sticking out the tongue, rocking back and forth, marching in place, humming, or grunting), but can also include athetoid (writhing) movements of the arms, legs, and fingers. Test Bank for Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals Susan M. Turley 9780135145708, 9780133911268