Chapter 10: Pulmonary Drugs 1. Sympathomimetic bronchodilator drugs _________. a. inhibit beta2 receptors in the smooth muscle around the alveoli b. inhibit beta2 receptors in the smooth muscle around the bronchi c. stimulate beta2 receptors in the smooth muscle around the alveoli d. stimulate beta2 receptors in the smooth muscle around the bronchi Answer: d. stimulate beta2 receptors in the smooth muscle around the bronchi Correct Feedback: Sympathomimetic bronchodilator drugs stimulate beta2 receptors in the smooth muscle around the bronchi (they mimic the action of epinephrine from the sympathetic nervous system). a. inhibit beta2 receptors in the smooth muscle around the alveoli Incorrect Feedback: These drugs do not inhibit beta2 receptors in the smooth muscle around the alveoli. b. inhibit beta2 receptors in the smooth muscle around the bronchi Incorrect Feedback: These drugs do not inhibit beta2 receptors in the smooth muscle around the bronchi. c. stimulate beta2 receptors in the smooth muscle around the alveoli Incorrect Feedback: These drugs do not stimulate beta2 receptors in the smooth muscle around the alveoli. 2. Leukotriene receptor blocker drugs are used to prevent and treat _______. a. asthma b. Legionnaire’s disease c. respiratory infections d. tuberculosis Answer: a. asthma Correct Feedback: Leukotriene receptor blocker drugs are used to treat asthma, but are not used to treat other respiratory diseases. b. Legionnaire’s disease Incorrect Feedback: Leukotriene receptor blocker drugs are not used to prevent and treat Legionnaire’s disease. c. respiratory infections Incorrect Feedback: Leukotriene receptor blocker drugs are not used to prevent and treat respiratory infections. d. tuberculosis Incorrect Feedback: Leukotriene receptor blocker drugs are not used to prevent and treat respiratory infections. 3. Legionnaire’s disease is treated with ________. a. antihistamine drugs b. antiviral drugs c. fluoroquinolone antibiotic drugs d. mast cell stabilizer drugs Answer: c. fluoroquinolone antibiotic drugs Correct Feedback: Legionnaire’s disease is a serious and sometimes fatal pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila and treated with fluoroquinolone antibiotic drugs. a. antihistamine drugs Incorrect Feedback: Legionnaire’s disease is not treated with antihistamine drugs. b. antiviral drugs Incorrect Feedback: Legionnaire’s disease is not treated with antiviral drugs. d. mast cell stabilizer drugs Incorrect Feedback: Legionnaire’s disease is not treated with mast cell stabilizer drugs. 4. Nicotine antagonist drugs ______. a. block nicotine receptors from being activated by inhaled nicotine b. contain a decreasing supply of nicotine to provide a gradual withdrawal c. provide nicotine in a chewing gum, nasal spray or transdermal patch d. act as antidepressant drugs in the brain Answer: a. block nicotine receptors from being activated by inhaled nicotine Correct Feedback: Nicotine antagonist drugs bind to nicotine receptors and block them from being activated by inhaled nicotine. b. contain a decreasing supply of nicotine to provide a gradual withdrawal Incorrect Feedback: Nicotine drugs, not nicotine antagonist drugs, contain a decreasing supply of nicotine. c. provide nicotine in a chewing gum, nasal spray or transdermal patch Incorrect Feedback: Nicotine antagonist drugs do not provide nicotine. d. act as antidepressant drugs in the brain Incorrect Feedback: Nicotine antagonist drugs do not act as antidepressant drugs in the brain. 5. Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Surfactant is produced in the alveoli of the lungs. b. Surfactant keeps the alveoli from collapsing during exhalation. c. There is too much surfactant present in the lungs of premature infants. d. Surfactant drugs are used to increase the level of surfactant in the lungs. Answer: c. There is too much surfactant present in the lungs of premature infants. Correct Feedback: Surfactant is a substance that is produced by the alveoli in the lungs to keep the walls of the alveolus from collapsing together during exhalation. Decreased levels of surfactant cause the lungs to collapse. A surfactant drug is used to supplement low levels of surfactant in the lungs of premature infants. a. Surfactant is produced in the alveoli of the lungs. Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement. b. Surfactant keeps the alveoli from collapsing during exhalation. Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement. d. Surfactant drugs are used to increase the level of surfactant in the lungs. Incorrect Feedback: This is a true statement. 6. Corticosteroid drugs ________. a. stimulate the action of histamine on mast cells b. stimulate the inflammatory response of the immune system c. suppress the action of histamine on mast cells d. suppress the inflammatory response of the immune system Answer: d. suppress the inflammatory response of the immune system Correct Feedback: Corticosteroids (the hormones hydrocortisone and cortisone) are produced naturally in the adrenal gland to suppress the inflammatory response of the immune system. Corticosteroid drugs mimic the action of natural corticosteroid hormones. a. stimulate the action of histamine on mast cells Incorrect Feedback: Corticosteroid drugs do not stimulate the action of histamine on mast cells. b. stimulate the inflammatory response of the immune system Incorrect Feedback: Corticosteroid drugs do not stimulate the inflammatory response of the immune system. c. suppress the action of histamine on mast cells Incorrect Feedback: Corticosteroid drugs do not suppress the action of histamine on mast cells. 7. Leukotriene receptor blocker drugs _______________. a. block the action of leukotriene at the receptor level b. block the production of leukotriene c. block the airway edema, bronchospasm, and inflammation caused by the substance leukotriene d. all of the above Answer: d. all of the above Correct Feedback: Leukotriene, a substance that is produced by the body in response to inhaled antigens, causes airway edema, bronchospasm, and inflammation. Leukotriene receptor blocker drugs block the action of leukotriene at the receptor level or block the production of leukotriene. a. block the action of leukotriene at the receptor level Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct statement. b. block the production of leukotriene Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct statement. c. block the airway edema, bronchospasm, and inflammation caused by the substance leukotriene Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. 8. Nicotine ________. a. inhibits the frontal cortex b. stimulates the limbic lobe c. increases alertness and provides a feeling of pleasure d. b and c Answer: d. b and c Correct Feedback: Nicotine is a strongly addictive substance that stimulates the frontal cortex to increase alertness and performance and stimulates the limbic lobe to provide pleasure. a. inhibits the frontal cortex Incorrect Feedback: Nicotine does not inhibit the frontal cortex. b. stimulates the limbic lobe Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct statement. c. increases alertness and provides a feeling of pleasure Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct statement. 9. Bronchodilator drugs are used to treat several different diseases. Which of the following is NOT one of the diseases that bronchodilator drugs are used to treat? a. asthma b. COPD c. emphysema d. pneumonia Answer: d. pneumonia Correct Feedback: Bronchodilator drugs are used to prevent or treat asthma, bronchospasm, exercise-induced bronchospasm, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and emphysema. Antibiotic drugs, not bronchodilator drugs, are used to treat lower respiratory tract infections and pneumonia. a. asthma Incorrect Feedback: Bronchodilator drugs are used to treat asthma. b. COPD Incorrect Feedback: Bronchodilator drugs are used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). c. emphysema Incorrect Feedback: Bronchodilator drugs are used to treat emphysema. 10. Tuberculosis is ________. a. spread by airborne droplets expelled by coughing b. caused by respiratory distress syndrome c. spread by contact with an infected patient’s blood d. caused by a lack of surfactant in the alveoli Answer: a. spread by airborne droplets expelled by coughing Correct Feedback: Tuberculosis is spread by airborne droplets expelled by coughing. b. caused by respiratory distress syndrome Incorrect Feedback: Tuberculosis is not caused by respiratory distress syndrome. c. spread by contact with an infected patient’s blood Incorrect Feedback: Tuberculosis is not spread by contact with an infected patient’s blood. d. caused by a lack of surfactant in the alveoli Incorrect Feedback: Tuberculosis is not caused by a lack of surfactant in the alveoli. 11. All of the following are categories of bronchodilator drugs EXCEPT ________. a. fluoroquinolone b. sympathomimetic c. xanthine d. anticholinergic Answer: a. fluoroquinolone Correct Feedback: The fluoroquinolone category is composed of antibiotic drugs, not bronchodilator drugs. There are several categories of bronchodilator drugs, each of which causes the smooth muscle around the bronchi to relax and dilate: sympathomimetic bronchodilator drugs, xanthine derivative bronchodilator drugs, and anticholinergic bronchodilator drugs. b. sympathomimetic Incorrect Feedback: This is a category of bronchodilator drugs. c. xanthine Incorrect Feedback: This is a category of bronchodilator drugs. d. anticholinergic Incorrect Feedback: This is a category of bronchodilator drugs. 12. Which of the following changes in the lungs does NOT occur with asthma? a. The air passageways to the lungs are narrowed. b. There is an excessive amount of mucus production. c. There is a gram-negative bacterial infection. d. The mucous membranes become edematous. Answer: c. There is a gram-negative bacterial infection. Correct Feedback: In asthma, the smooth muscle layer is contracted, the air passageways are narrowed, the mucous membranes are edematous, and there is an excessive amount of mucus production. Asthma is not caused by a bacterial infection. a. The air passageways to the lungs are narrowed. Incorrect Feedback: This does occur with asthma. b. There is an excessive amount of mucus production. Incorrect Feedback: This does occur with asthma. d. The mucous membranes become edematous. Incorrect Feedback: This does occur with asthma. 13. Tuberculosis is caused by ________. a. a gram-positive bacterium b. a bacterium with a waxy coating around its wall c. Mycobacterium tuberculosis d. all of the above Answer: d. all of the above Correct Feedback: Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a gram-positive bacterium. Because of a unique waxy coating around its bacterial wall, M. tuberculosis is difficult to kill. a. a gram-positive bacterium Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. b. a bacterium with a waxy coating around its wall Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. c. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. 14. __________ is a substance that is produced in response to inhaled antigens and causes airway edema, bronchospasm, and inflammation. a. Corticosteroid b. Leukotriene c. Sputum d. Surfactant Answer: b. Leukotriene Correct Feedback: Leukotriene, a substance that is produced by the body in response to inhaled antigens, causes airway edema, bronchospasms, and inflammation. a. Corticosteroid Incorrect Feedback: Corticosteroids are produced by the adrenal gland, not in response to inhaled antigens. c. Sputum Incorrect Feedback: Sputum is mucus. It does not cause airway edema, bronchospasm, and inflammation. d. Surfactant Incorrect Feedback: Surfactant keeps the lungs from collapsing with each breath. 15. All of the following are bronchodilator drugs EXCEPT ________. a. Epinephrine (Micronefrin, Primatene Mist) b. Dyphylline (Lufyllin) c. theophylline (Bronkodyl, Elixophyllin, Uniphyl) d. prednisolone (Orapred, Pediapred) Answer: d. prednisolone (Orapred, Pediapred) Correct Feedback: Prednisolone (Orapred, Pediapred) is a corticosteroid drug. a. Epinephrine (Micronefrin, Primatene Mist) Incorrect Feedback: This is a bronchodilator drug. b. Dyphylline (Lufyllin) Incorrect Feedback: This is a bronchodilator drug. c. theophylline (Bronkodyl, Elixophyllin, Uniphyl) Incorrect Feedback: This is a bronchodilator drug. 16. Alupent, Atrovent, and Proventil HFA are all ________. a. antibiotic drugs that are taken orally b. bronchodilator drugs given by inhaler c. antituberculosis drugs given orally d. corticosteroid drugs given by inhaler Answer: b. bronchodilator drugs given by inhaler Correct Feedback: There are several categories of bronchodilator drugs, each of which causes the smooth muscle around the bronchi to relax and dilate, including albuterol (ProAir HFA, Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA). a. antibiotic drugs that are taken orally Incorrect Feedback: These are not antibiotic drugs. c. antituberculosis drugs given orally Incorrect Feedback: These are not antituberculosis drugs. d. corticosteroid drugs given by inhaler Incorrect Feedback: These are not corticosteroid drugs. 17. Metered-dose inhalers deliver the recommended drug dose in ________. a. milligrams b. grams c. inches d. puffs Answer: d. puffs Correct Feedback: Bronchodilator drugs and corticosteroid drugs come in a variety of inhaler devices that deliver a premeasured dose of drug into the lungs. The drug doses are measured in puffs or actuations. A metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is an L-shaped device. a. milligrams Incorrect Feedback: The dose from metered-dose inhalers is not in milligrams. b. grams Incorrect Feedback: The dose from metered-dose inhalers is not in grams. c. inches Incorrect Feedback: The dose from metered-dose inhalers is not in inches. 18. Bobby Whittaker has childhood asthma and takes a corticosteroid drug administered via inhaler to prevent asthma attacks. Which drug is he taking? a. albuterol (Atrovent) b. triamcinolone (Azmacort) c. terbutaline (Brethaire) d. acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) Answer: b. triamcinolone (Azmacort) Correct Feedback: Most of these corticosteroid drugs are given by an inhaler device, and the dose is prescribed in numbers of puffs or actuations: triamcinolone (Azmacort). a. albuterol (Atrovent) Incorrect Feedback: Atrovent is not a corticosteroid drug. c. terbutaline (Brethaire) Incorrect Feedback: Brethaire is not a corticosteroid drug. d. acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) Incorrect Feedback: Mucomyst is not a corticosteroid drug. 19. Which of the following is NOT a corticosteroid administered via inhaler? a. budesonide (Pulmicort) b. fluticasone (Flovent) c. montelukast (Singulair) d. mometasone (Asmanex) Answer: c. montelukast (Singulair) Correct Feedback: Leukotriene receptor blocker drugs block the action of leukotriene at the receptor level or block the production of leukotriene; these drugs include montelukast (Singulair). a. budesonide (Pulmicort) Incorrect Feedback: This is a corticosteroid drug. b. fluticasone (Flovent) Incorrect Feedback: This is a corticosteroid drug. d. mometasone (Asmanex) Incorrect Feedback: This is a corticosteroid drug. 20. Which two drugs are currently used to treat tuberculosis? a. isoniazid and rifampin b. streptomycin and Survanta c. penicillin and rifampin d. INH and Mucomyst Answer: a. isoniazid and rifampin Correct Feedback: Treatment of tuberculosis is accomplished with a combination (not just one) of the following special antitubercular drugs over a period of nine months: ethambutol (Myambutol), isoniazid (INH) (Nydrazid), pyrazinamide, rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane), rifapentine (Priftin), and streptomycin. b. streptomycin and Survanta Incorrect Feedback: Streptomycin is used to treat tuberculosis, but Survanta is only used to treat respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants. c. penicillin and rifampin Incorrect Feedback: Penicillin is an antibiotic drug, but it is not effective against tuberculosis; rifampin is used to treat tuberculosis. d. INH and Mucomyst Incorrect Feedback: INH is used to treat tuberculosis, but Mucomyst is only used to break apart very thick mucus secretions. 21. The drug Mucomyst that dissolves the chemical bonds of mucoproteins and thins very thick mucus is used to treat patients with ________. a. pneumonia b. cystic fibrosis c. emphysema d. all of the above Answer: d. all of the above Correct Feedback: Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) is used to break apart very thick mucus secretions in patients with acute or chronic pulmonary disease, such as pneumonia, asthmatic bronchitis, emphysema, cystic fibrosis, or tuberculosis by dissolving the chemical bonds of mucoproteins and thin the mucus so that it can be coughed up. a. pneumonia Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct statement. b. cystic fibrosis Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct statement. c. emphysema Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct statement. 22. Rachel McVey has been smoking for 10 years but wants to quit. Which of the following is a drug that her physician might prescribe to help her stop smoking? a. Chantix b. Zyban c. Nicoderm CQ d. all of the above Answer: d. all of the above Correct Feedback: Chantix is a nicotine antagonist drug. Zyban is an antidepressant drug that is used to help persons stop smoking. Nicoderm CQ is a nicotine drug that gradually replaces the need for nicotine from smoking. a. Chantix Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct statement. b. Zyban Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct statement. c. Nicoderm CQ Incorrect Feedback: This is true, but it is not the only correct statement. 23. All of the following antibiotic drugs are used to treat Legionnaire’s disease EXCEPT ________. a. Cipro b. Levaquin c. Combivent d. Floxin Answer: c. Combivent Correct Feedback: The fluoroquinolone antibiotic drugs Cipro, Levaquin, and Floxin are used to treat the infection of Legionnaire’s disease. Combivent is a combination drug that contains two bronchodilator drugs: albuterol and ipratropium. a. Cipro Incorrect Feedback: Cipro is used to treat Legionnaire’s disease. b. Levaquin Incorrect Feedback: Levaquin is used to treat Legionnaire’s disease. d. Floxin Incorrect Feedback: Floxin is used to treat Legionnaire’s disease. 24. The bronchodilator drug tiotropium (Spiriva) is administered via a/an ________ that crushes a capsule containing the powered drug. a. Discus inhaler device b. HandiHaler device c. metered-dose inhaler d. endotracheal tube Answer: b. HandiHaler device Correct Feedback: The bronchodilator drug tiotropium (Spiriva) is administered through a HandiHaler device that crushes a capsule that contains the powdered drug. The powder is then inhaled through the mouth and into the lungs. a. Discus inhaler device Incorrect Feedback: Spiriva is not administered via a Discus inhaler device. c. metered-dose inhaler Incorrect Feedback: Spiriva is not administered via a metered-dose inhaler. d. endotracheal tube Incorrect Feedback: Spiriva is not administered via an endotracheal tube. 25. The combination drug Advair is useful in treating asthma because it contains ________ to treat both airway constriction and inflammation. a. an expectorant drug and a bronchodilator drug b. a corticosteroid drug and a surfactant drug c. a bronchodilator drug and a corticosteroid drug d. an expectorant drug and a monoclonal antibody drug Answer: c. a bronchodilator drug and a corticosteroid drug Correct Feedback: The combination drug Advair contains the bronchodilator drug salmeterol and the corticosteroid anti-inflammatory drug fluticasone. Asthma has two main causes: airway constriction and inflammation. A combination drug such as Advair treats both at the same time to prevent acute attacks. a. an expectorant drug and a bronchodilator drug Incorrect Feedback: Expectorant drugs are not used to treat asthma. b. a corticosteroid drug and a surfactant drug Incorrect Feedback: Surfactant drugs are not used to treat asthma. d. an expectorant drug and a monoclonal antibody drug Incorrect Feedback: Neither of these drugs is used to treat asthma. 26. All of the following combination drugs are used to treat tuberculosis EXCEPT _______. a. IsonaRif b. Tracrium c. Rifamate d. Rifater Answer: b. Tracrium Correct Feedback: Atracurium (Tracrium) is a neuromuscular blocker drugs are used to facilitate endotracheal intubation and to paralyze patients who are on mechanical ventilation so that they will not resist the inflow of air from the ventilator. a. IsonaRif Incorrect Feedback: This is a combination drug used to treat tuberculosis. c. Rifamate Incorrect Feedback: This is a combination drug used to treat tuberculosis. d. Rifater Incorrect Feedback: This is a combination drug used to treat tuberculosis. 27. The corticosteroid drug prednisolone (Oraped, Pediapred) is given ______. a. orally b. by endotracheal tube c. subcutaneously d. all of the above Answer: a. orally Correct Feedback: The corticosteroid drug prednisolone (Oraped, Pediapred) is given orally. b. by endotracheal tube Incorrect Feedback: This drug is not given by endotracheal tube. c. subcutaneously Incorrect Feedback: This drug is not given subcutaneously. d. all of the above Incorrect Feedback: This drug is only given orally. 28. Mast cell stabilizer drugs are only effective in preventing asthma attacks, not in treating them once they have occurred. Answer: True Feedback: Mast cell stabilizer drugs are only effective in preventing asthma attacks, not in treating them once they have occurred. 29. If a patient’s immune system is strong, a tuberculosis infection can remain dormant for years without causing symptoms. Answer: True Feedback: If the patient’s immune system is strong, the infection can remain dormant for years without causing symptoms. 30. Expectorant drugs are prescribed for a nonproductive cough. Answer: False Feedback: Expectorant drugs are only prescribed for productive coughs. 31. Corticosteroid drugs reduce inflammation and tissue edema that is associated with asthma and so they are used to treat an acute asthma attack. Answer: False Feedback: Corticosteroid drugs mimic the action of natural corticosteroid hormones to reduce inflammation and tissue edema that is associated with asthma to prevent acute attacks. Corticosteroid drugs do not dilate the bronchi; therefore, they cannot be used to treat acute attacks. 32. Mast cell stabilizer drugs can be inhaled, sprayed in the nose, given by injection, or administered via an endotracheal tube. Answer: False Feedback: Mast cell stabilizer drugs are only effective in preventing asthma attacks, not in treating them once they have occurred. This drug is inhaled. 33. Besides nicotine drugs and nicotine antagonist drugs, other drugs such as the anticonvulsant drug topiramate and the antidepressant drug bupropion are also used to persons to stop smoking. Answer: True Feedback: These drugs help persons to stop smoking and have various uses as well. Bupropion is an antidepressant drug. Topiramate is an anticonvulsant drug that is also used to treat dependence behaviors (alcohol use, cocaine use, binge eating). 34. The surfactant drugs colfosceril (Exosurf) and Procysteine are used to treat adult respiratory distress syndrome in which severe infection or injury to the lungs damages the lungs and makes them unable to produce surfactant. Answer: True Feedback: Colfosceril and Procysteine are used to treat adult respiratory distress syndrome, in which severe infection or injury to the lungs damages the lungs and makes them unable to produce surfactant. Surfactant drugs are administered via an endotracheal tube. 35. The mast cell stabilizer drug dexamethasone (Decadron) is used to decrease inflammation associated with respiratory distress syndrome. Answer: False Feedback: Dexamethasone (Decadron) is a corticosteroid drug used to decrease inflammation associated with respiratory distress syndrome. 36. Antiviral drugs are used to treat influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infections. Answer: True Feedback: Antiviral drugs are used to treat influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection. 37. The corticosteroid drug methylprednisolone (Depo-Medrol) is administered intramuscularly. Answer: True Feedback: Most of these corticosteroid drugs are given by an inhaler device, and the dose is prescribed in numbers of puffs or actuations, but methylprednisolone is given intramuscularly. 38. The monoclonal antibody drug omalizumab (Xolair) is a powder that is inhaled to prevent an acute asthma attack. Answer: False Feedback: Monoclonal antibody drugs are used to treat moderate-tosevere, persistent asthma. This drug is given by subcutaneous injection in the doctor’s office: omalizumab (Xolair). 39. Mast cell stabilizer drugs prevent mast cells from releasing histamine and causing bronchospasm in patients with asthma due to allergies. Answer: True Feedback: Mast cell stabilizer drugs stabilize the cell membrane of mast cells and prevent them from releasing histamine during the immune system’s response to an antigen. This prevents bronchospasm in patients with asthma due to allergies. 40. The suffixes –terol and –phylline are common to many generic bronchodilator drugs. Answer: True Feedback: Note: The suffixes –terol and –phylline are common to many generic bronchodilator drugs. 41. Corticosteroid drugs are used to treat acute asthma attacks because they can dilate the bronchi. Feedback: Corticosteroid drugs do not dilate the bronchi; therefore, they cannot be used to treat acute asthma attacks, so the patient must also take a bronchodilator drug. 42. Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) breaks down thick mucus in the lungs, but it is also used as an antidote for acetaminophen (Tylenol) overdose. Answer: True Feedback: Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) is also used as an antidote for acetaminophen (Tylenol) overdose. 43. With the newest advances in pharmacology, tuberculosis that was resistant to multiple drugs has become a thing of the past. Answer: False Feedback: The tuberculosis bacterium has developed varying degrees of resistance to most antitubercular drugs. 44. Corticosteroid drugs mimic the action of the hormones hydrocortisone and cortisone, which are produced naturally in the alveoli of the lungs. Answer: False Feedback: Corticosteroid drugs mimic the action of the hormones hydrocortisone and cortisone, which are produced naturally in the adrenal gland. 45. Bronchodilator drugs relax the smooth muscle that surrounds the bronchi, allowing the bronchi to dilate to increase air flow. Answer: True Feedback: Bronchodilator drugs relax the smooth muscle that surrounds the bronchi, allowing the bronchi to dilate to increase air flow. 46. Nicotine is not an addictive substance, but it is the pleasurable stimulating of the limbic system that causes craving and makes it difficult to quit smoking. Feedback: Nicotine is a strongly addictive substance that stimulates the frontal cortex to increase alertness and performance and stimulates the limbic lobe to provide pleasure; these two addicting effects make it difficult to quit smoking. 47. In the past, asthma inhalers used to contain HFA, a propellant that was banned as a pollutant under the U.S. Clean Air Act. Now asthma inhalers contain the propellant CFC. Answer: False Feedback: In the past, asthma inhalers contained the propellant chlorofluorocarbon (CFC). When CFC was banned as a pollutant under the U.S. Clean Air Act, drug companies switched to the propellant hydrofluoroalkane, which appears as HFA in the trade names of bronchodilator drugs. 48. The suffixes –lide, –nide, –lone, and –sone are common to generic corticosteroid drugs. Answer: True Feedback: The suffixes –lide, –nide, –lone, and –sone are common to generic corticosteroid drugs. 49. In some cities, patients with tuberculosis can be ordered to go to jail if they are noncompliant with taking their antitubercular drugs. Answer: True Feedback: In San Francisco (which has the highest TB rate on the West Coast), the attorney general can order noncompliant patients to remain in their homes (except for doctor visits) or even send them to jail (where their treatment is continued). 50. Monoclonal antibody drugs keep __________ E (IgE) from binding to receptors on mast cells and basophils and triggering the release of histamine from them. Answer: immunoglobulin Feedback: Monoclonal antibody drugs keep immunoglobulin E (IgE) from binding to receptors on mast cells and basophils and triggering the release of histamine from them. 51. Mast cell stabilizer drugs stabilize the cell membrane of mast cells and prevent them from releasing ___________ during the immune system’s response to an antigen. Answer: histamine Feedback: Mast cell stabilizer drugs stabilize the cell membrane of mast cells and prevent them from releasing histamine during the immune system’s response to an antigen. 52. The suffix –floxacin is common to generic _______ drugs. Answer: fluoroquinolone antibiotic Feedback: The suffix –floxacin is common to generic fluoroquinolone antibiotic drugs. 53. __________ drugs reduce the viscosity or thickness of mucus (sputum) in the lungs so that patients can more easily cough it up. Answer: Expectorant Feedback: Expectorant drugs reduce the viscosity or thickness of mucus (sputum) in the lungs so that patients can more easily cough it up. 54. Surfactant drugs are used to supplement low levels of surfactant in the lungs of premature infants to prevent and treat RDS. The abbreviation RDS stands for _______. Answer: respiratory distress syndrome. Feedback: A surfactant drug is used to supplement low levels of surfactant in the lungs of premature infants to prevent and treat respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). 55. Most corticosteroid drugs are given by an inhaler device and the dose is prescribed in numbers of __________ or actuations. Answer: puffs Feedback: Most of these corticosteroid drugs are given by an inhaler device, and the dose is prescribed in numbers of puffs or actuations. 56. An MDI is an L-shaped device used to administer drugs. The abbreviation MDI stands for _______. Answer: metered-dose inhaler Feedback: Bronchodilator drugs and corticosteroid drugs come in a variety of inhaler devices that deliver a premeasured dose of drug into the lungs. A metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is an L-shaped device . 57. Define these abbreviations. DOT _________ INH _________ MDI __________ MDRTB ________ Answer: directly observed therapy, isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid), metered-dose inhaler, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis 58. A ________ is a long plastic chamber attached to the mouthpiece of a metered-dose inhaler to keep the drug from being deposited in the mouth and throat rather than in the lungs. Answer: spacer Feedback: A spacer is a long plastic chamber that can be attached at one end to the inhaler mouthpiece and has its own mouthpiece at the other end. A spacer makes it easier to coordinate the steps involved in using an MDI and keeps the drug from being deposited in the mouth and throat rather than in the lungs. 59. The suffix at the end of generic monoclonal antibody drugs is –______. Answer: mab Feedback: The names of all generic monoclonal antibody drugs end with the suffix –mab for monoclonal antibody. 60. Treatment of tuberculosis must be continued for _______ months with a combination of antitubercular drugs. Answer: nine Feedback: Treatment of tuberculosis is accomplished with a combination (not just one) of special antitubercular drugs over a period of nine months. 61. 1. albuterol (ProAir, Proventil, HFA, Ventolin) A. bronchodilator drug 2. beractant (Survanta) B. corticosteroid drug 3. ciprofloxacin (Cipro) C. expectorant drug 4. cromolyn (Intal) D. drug for Legionnaire’s disease 5. guaifenesin (Humibid, Mucinex, Naldecon, E. leukotriene receptor blocker drug Robitussin) 6. isoniazid (INH) (Nydrazid) F. mast cell stabilizer drug 7. omalizumab (Xolair) G. monoclonal antibody drug 8. triamcinolone (Azmacort) H. nicotine antagonist drug 9. varenicline (Chantix) syndrome drug I. respiratory distress 10. zafirlukast (Accolate) J. drug for tuberculosis Answer: A Answer: I Answer: D Answer: F Answer: C Answer: J Answer: G Answer: B Answer: H Answer: E 62. Explain why antibiotic drugs are not effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and how tuberculosis is treated. Answer: Because of its unique waxy coating around its bacterial wall, M. tuberculosis is difficult to kill and is resistant to antibiotic drugs that are effective against other gram-positive bacteria. Treatment of tuberculosis is accomplished with a combination of (not just one) special antitubercular drugs over a period of 9 months. 63. There are two types of drug used to treat ventilator patients. Describe the two types of drugs and why they are administered to treat ventilator patients. Answer: Neuromuscular drugs are used to facilitate endotracheal intubation and to paralyze patients who are on mechanical ventilation so that they will not resist the inflow of air from the ventilator. Drugs are also used to sedate patients who are intubated and on the ventilator. 64. Provide a brief history of Legionnaire’s disease, describe the scientific name for the bacterium that causes Legionnaire’s disease, and how that name indicates its affect on the body. Answer: Legionnaire’s disease, a serious and sometimes fatal pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila, was named for its first recognized outbreak, which occurred in 1976 at an American Legion convention in Philadelphia. This gram-negative bacterium grew in standing water in the air conditioning system of the convention center and was distributed through ventilation ducts. The bacterium is especially attracted to the environment in the lungs, and so its full scientific name is Legionella (based on where it originated) and pneumophila (which means thing that loves the lungs). Test Bank for Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals Susan M. Turley 9780135145708, 9780133911268
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