Preview Extract
Chapter 1 Patterns of Motion and Equilibrium
1.1 Aristotle on Motion
1) Aristotle treated motion by
A) comparing the distance traveled with the time of travel.
B) measurements of distance travelled.
C) classifying it into two classes.
D) all of the above
Answer: C
2) Aristotle believed that natural laws could be understood by
A) experiment.
B) logic.
C) patterns.
D) mathematics.
Answer: B
3) In contrast to Aristotle's way of explaining nature, Galileo relied on
A) experiment.
B) logic.
C) patterns.
D) mathematics.
Answer: A
4) Galileo's demonstration at the Leaning Tower of Pisa
A) confirmed Aristotle's teachings.
B) refuted Aristotle's teachings.
C) failed in their purpose.
D) none of the above
Answer: B
1.2 Galileo's Concept of Inertia
1) The scientist to first introduce the concept of inertia was
A) Aristotle.
B) Galileo.
C) Newton.
D) Copernicus.
Answer: B
2) Science greatly advanced when Galileo favored
A) philosophical discussions.
B) experiment.
C) non-mathematical thinking.
D) none of the above
Answer: B
3) Galileo said that if you rolled a ball along a level surface it would
A) slow down due to its natural tendency to come to rest.
B) keep rolling without slowing down if no friction acted upon it.
C) roll as long as its inertia nudged it along.
D) roll in the opposite direction.
Answer: B
4) When Galileo rolled a ball down an incline and up another incline, he found that the ball
rolled nearly to
A) its initial height.
B) halfway its original height.
C) three quarters its original height.
D) higher than its original height.
Answer: A
5) According to Galileo, inertia is a
A) force like any other force.
B) special kind of force.
C) property of all matter.
D) concept opposite to force.
Answer: C
6) According to Galileo, the test of scientific truth is
A) experiment.
B) philosophical discussion.
C) finding patterns in nature.
D) logic.
Answer: A
1.3 Mass-A Measure of Inertia
1) Which has the greatest mass?
A) king-size pillow
B) a scrunched up king-size pillow
C) automobile battery
D) all about the same
Answer: C
2) A kilogram is a measure of an object's
A) weight.
B) force.
C) mass.
D) gravity.
Answer: C
3) Compared with a 1-kg block of solid iron, a 2-kg block of solid iron has twice as much
A) inertia.
B) mass.
C) volume.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: D
4) Compared with a 1-kg block of solid iron, a 2-kg block of solid iron has the same
A) mass.
B) volume.
C) weight.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: E
5) An object that has twice as much mass as another object also has twice as much
A) inertia.
B) velocity.
C) gravitational acceleration.
D) volume.
E) all of the above
Answer: A
6) Compared with the mass of a certain object on Earth, the mass of the same object on the Moon
is
A) less.
B) more.
C) the same.
Answer: C
7) Your weight is
A) another word for your mass.
B) the gravitational attraction between you and Earth.
C) a property of mechanical equilibrium.
D) the same in all locations.
Answer: B
8) A 1-kg mass at Earth's surface weighs about
A) 1 N.
B) 5 N.
C) 10 N.
D) 12 N.
E) none of the above
Answer: C
9) You would have the largest mass of gold if it weighed 1 N on the
A) Moon.
B) Earth.
C) both the same
Answer: A
10) An object weighs 30 N on Earth. A second object weighs 30 N on the Moon. The object with
the greater mass is the one on
A) Earth.
B) the Moon.
C) same for each.
D) not enough information
Answer: B
11) Distinguish between the concepts of mass and weight. Which is more fundamental, and why?
Answer: Mass is the quantity of matter in an object while weight is the force due to gravity on
the object. Mass is more fundamental than weight because it only involves the object itself,
whereas weight may vary for the same object in different locations. For example, a block of
matter will weigh less on the Moon than on Earth.
1.4 Net Force
1) A girl pushes a cart to the left with a 100-N force. A boy pushes it to the right with a 50-N
force. The net force exerted on the cart is
A) 50 N to the left.
B) 50 N to the right.
C) 100 N to the left.
D) 100 N to the right.
Answer: A
2) When a 10-kg block is simultaneously pushed toward the east with 20 N and toward the west
with 15 N, the combination of these forces on the block is
A) 5 N west.
B) 5 N east.
C) 35 N east
D) 35 N west.
Answer: B
3) An object is pulled with two forces, 10 N northward and 15 N southward. The magnitude of
the net force is
A) 0 N.
B) 5 N.
C) 10 N.
D) 15 N.
E) none of the above
Answer: B
4) An object is pulled with two forces, 10 N northward and 15 N southward. The direction of the
net force is to the
A) north.
B) south.
C) east.
D) west.
E) none of the above
Answer: B
5) An object is pulled with three forces: one at 20 N to the right, another at 40 N to the right, and
the third at 30 N to the left. The net force is
A) 60 N to the right.
B) 60 N to the left.
C) 30 N to the left.
D) none of the above
Answer: D
6) A 50-N object falling in air experiences 30 N of air resistance. The amount of net force on the
falling object is
A) 0 N.
B) 20 N.
C) 50 N.
D) 80 N.
Answer: B
7) A 50-N object falling in air experiences 50 N of air resistance. The amount of net force on the
falling object is
A) 0 N.
B) 25 N.
C) 50 N.
D) 100 N.
Answer: A
1.5 The Equilibrium Rule
1) Which has zero acceleration?
A) an object at rest
B) an object moving at constant velocity
C) an object in mechanical equilibrium
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: D
2) Whenever the net force on an object is zero, its acceleration
A) may be zero.
B) is zero.
C) and velocity are the same.
D) none of the above
Answer: B
3) When a 10-N object is suspended at rest by two vertical strands of rope, the tension in each
rope is
A) less than 5 N.
B) 5 N.
C) more than 5 N.
D) 10 N.
Answer: B
4) When sign painters Burl and Paul stand on opposite ends of a scaffold, the tensions in each of
the two supporting ropes
A) are equal.
B) depend on the relative weights of Burl and Paul.
C) combine to equal zero.
D) none of the above
Answer: B
5) If Burl carried Paul piggy-back while standing in the middle of a scaffold, the tensions in the
two supporting ropes would
A) cancel to zero.
B) be equal.
C) be unequal.
D) more easily support Burl and Paul.
Answer: B
6) Burl and Paul have a total weight of 1300 N. The tensions in the ropes that support the
scaffold they stand on add to 1700 N. The weight of the scaffold itself must be
A) 400 N.
B) 500 N.
C) 600 N.
D) 800 N.
Answer: A
7) What is the meaning of the expression ΣF = 0?
Answer: This is the mathematical expression for the equilibrium rule, which states that the vector
sum of the forces acting on an object is equal to zero if that object is in a state of rest, or a state
of unchanging velocity. "Vector sum" means that direction is vital. If for example, an object is
pulled to the left and doesn't move, then an equal and opposite force must be pulling on the right,
cancelling the pulls to zero. The fact that the object doesn't change how it moves is evidence of
this.
8) Give three examples of the equilibrium rule that are not cited in the textbook.
Answer: Open ended. Whatever the objects listed, they must be in a non-accelerated state (no
changes in their states of motion.)
1.6 Support Force
1) Place a book that weighs 10 N on a horizontal surface and the support force on the book is
A) less than 10 N.
B) 10 N.
C) greater than 10 N.
D) dependent on whether the book lies flat or stands upright.
Answer: B
2) When you stand at rest on a pair of bathroom scales, the readings on the scales will always
A) each be half your weight.
B) each equal your weight.
C) add to equal your weight.
D) add up to more than your weight.
Answer: C
3) Fido weighs 120 N and carries Trixie who weighs 40 N on her back. The support force on
Fido's feet is
A) 40 N.
B) 120 N.
C) 160 N.
D) more than 160 N.
Answer: C
4) You hang from a pair of gym rings and the upward support forces of the rings will always
A) each be half your weight.
B) each be equal to your weight.
C) add up to equal your weight.
D) add up to more than your weight.
Answer: C
5) A man weighing 800 N stands at rest on two bathroom scales so that his weight is distributed
evenly over both scales. The reading on each scale is
A) 200 N.
B) 400 N.
C) 800 N.
D) 1600 N.
E) none of the above
Answer: B
6) A man weighing 800 N stands at rest on two bathroom scales so that one scale shows a
reading of 500 N. The reading on the other scale is
A) 200 N.
B) 300 N.
C) 400 N.
D) 800 N.
E) none of the above
Answer: B
7) When you stand at rest on a floor, the number of vertical forces acting on you is
A) zero.
B) one.
C) two.
D) three.
E) four.
Answer: C
1.7 Dynamic Equilibrium
1) An object in mechanical equilibrium is an object
A) at rest.
B) moving at constant velocity.
C) with no acceleration.
D) all of the above
Answer: D
2) If a non-rotating object has no acceleration, then we can say for certain that it is
A) at rest.
B) moving at constant nonzero velocity.
C) in mechanical equilibrium.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: C
3) The force of friction on a sliding object is 10 N. The applied force needed to maintain a
constant velocity is
A) more than 10 N.
B) less than 10 N.
C) 10 N.
Answer: C
4) A bucket of cement is raised by a rope at constant speed at a construction site. The upward
force on the bucket supplied by the rope is
A) greater than the force of gravity.
B) equal to the force of gravity.
C) less than the force of gravity.
Answer: B
5) The equilibrium rule ∑ F = 0 applies to
A) objects or systems at rest.
B) objects or systems in uniform motion in a straight line.
C) both
D) neither
Answer: C
6) When a crate slides down an incline at a constant velocity it is
A) in dynamic equilibrium.
B) not in dynamic equilibrium.
C) in a state of being in and out of dynamic equilibrium.
D) none of the above
Answer: A
7) A parachutist falling at constant velocity is in a state of
A) dynamic equilibrium.
B) non-dynamic equilibrium.
C) being in and out of dynamic equilibrium.
D) none of the above
Answer: A
1.8 The Force of Friction
1) When you push your desk to the right, friction on the desk acts toward
A) the left.
B) the right.
C) at right angles to your push.
D) none of the above
Answer: A
2) The resistive force of friction occurs for
A) solids.
B) liquids.
C) gases.
D) all of the above
Answer: D
3) The amount of friction that occurs when two blocks slide against each other depends on
A) how much they are pressed together.
B) the "stickiness" of atoms on their surfaces.
C) both
D) none of the above
Answer: C
4) When you push a crate across a level floor at constant speed, friction between the crate and
the floor is
A) less than your pushing force.
B) the same amount as your pushing force.
C) more than your pushing force.
D) none of the above
Answer: B
5) A 3000-N bear grasping a vertical tree slides down at constant velocity. The friction force
between the tree and the bear is
A) 30 N.
B) 300 N.
C) 3000 N.
D) more than 3000 N.
Answer: C
6) While a crate rests on a horizontal floor the friction force acting on the crate is
A) zero.
B) equal to the weight of the crate.
C) between zero and the weight of the crate.
D) none of the above
Answer: C
1.9 Speed and Velocity
1) The two measurements necessary for calculating average speed are
A) acceleration and time.
B) velocity and time.
C) distance and time.
D) distance and acceleration.
E) velocity and distance.
Answer: C
2) What did Galileo incorporate in his study of motion that Aristotle overlooked?
A) the role of distance
B) the role of time
C) the role of space
D) none of the above
Answer: B
3) A glance at your speedometer will tell you your
A) average speed.
B) instantaneous speed.
C) overall speed.
D) acceleration.
Answer: B
4) Nellie runs the length of a 100-yard football field in a time of 20 seconds. Her average
running speed is
A) 1/2 yard/s.
B) 5 yards/s.
C) 50 yards/s.
D) not enough information
Answer: B
5) The average speed of a deer traveling a distance of 2 km in a time of one-half hour is
A) 1 km/h.
B) 2 km/h.
C) 4 km/h.
D) more than 4 km/h.
Answer: C
6) When she hikes a distance of 1 km in a time of one-half hour her average speed is
A) nearly 1 km/h.
B) 1 km/h.
C) slightly more than 1 km/h.
D) twice 1 km/h.
Answer: D
7) You're lying on the sand on a breezy day when a pesky fly wishes to join you. The breeze is
blowing at a steady 2 m/s. In order for the fly to land on you it should hover over you while
flying
A) against the breeze at 2 m/s.
B) with the breeze at 2 m/s.
C) faster than 2 m/s.
D) about 4 m/s relative to the breeze.
Answer: A
8) While in an airplane flying at 100 km/h you look down from the window and spot another
airplane flying at the same speed in the opposite direction. Relative to you, the speed of the
spotted plane is
A) zero.
B) 100 km/h.
C) 150 km/h.
D) 200 km/h.
Answer: D
9) You're driving in a car at 50 km/h and bump into a car ahead traveling at 48 km/h in the same
direction. The speed of impact is
A) zero.
B) 2 km/h.
C) 48 km/h.
D) 50 km/h.
E) 98 km/h.
Answer: B
10) In a dream you're in a car traveling at 50 km/h and you bump into another car traveling
toward you at 48 km/h. The speed of impact is
A) 48 km/h.
B) 50 km/h.
C) 98 km/h.
D) 2400 km/h.
Answer: C
11) Carefully distinguish between the concepts of velocity and acceleration, with an example of
each.
Answer: Velocity is a measure of how fast something moves, while acceleration is a measure of
how quickly a moving object changes its state of motion. A bowling ball rolling along an alley is
an example of an object with velocity. An example of an object accelerating is the same bowling
ball rolling off the edge of a supporting surface, changing from steady motion in a straight line.
When it changes its state of motion we say it accelerates.
1.10 Acceleration
1) When a ball increases in speed by the same amount each second, its acceleration
A) also increases each second.
B) decreases each second.
C) is constant.
D) varies.
Answer: C
2) If a ball rolls down an inclined plane and picks up 4 m/s each second it rolls, its acceleration is
A) one half of 4 m/s.
2
B) one half of 4 m/s .
2
C) 4 m/s .
2
D) 10 m/s .
Answer: C
3) A motor scooter undergoes acceleration when it
A) gains speed.
B) decreases speed.
C) changes direction.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
4) A tutor will be correct in saying that velocity and acceleration are
A) the same concept, but expressed differently.
B) rates of one another.
C) expressions for changing speeds.
D) different concepts.
Answer: D
5) When a falling object gains 10 m/s each second, its acceleration is
A) 10 m/s.
2
B) 10 m/s .
C) directed upward.
D) steadily increasing.
Answer: B
6) At the end of two seconds of free fall, an object released from rest will have a speed of
A) 5 m/s.
B) 10 m/s.
C) 15 m/s.
D) none of the above
Answer: D
7) One-half second after starting from rest, a freely falling object will have a speed of about
A) 5 m/s.
B) 10 m/s.
C) 15 m/s.
D) none of the above
Answer: A
8) During each second of free fall, the speed of an object
A) increases by the same amount.
B) changes by increasing amounts each second.
C) remains constant.
D) doubles each second.
Answer: A
9) If a freely falling object were somehow equipped with a speedometer, its speed reading would
increase each second by about
A) 5 m/s.
B) 10 m/s.
C) 15 m/s.
D) a variable amount.
Answer: B
10) At the end of 2 seconds of free fall, an apple falling from rest has a speed of
A) 1 m/s.
B) 5 m/s.
C) 10 m/s.
D) more than 10 m/s.
Answer: D
11) An object in free fall has a speed of 60 m/s. One second later its speed is
A) 10 m/s.
B) 30 m/s.
C) 60 m/s.
D) 70 m/s.
Answer: D
12) A free-falling object has a speed of 30 m/s at one instant. Exactly 2 seconds later its speed
will be
A) the same.
B) 40 m/s.
C) 50 m/s.
D) more than 50 m/s.
Answer: C
13) The average speed of a horse that gallops a distance of 10 km in a time of 30 min is
A) 10 km/h.
B) 20 km/h.
C) 30 km/h.
D) more than 30 km/h.
Answer: B
14) As an object freely falls, its
A) velocity increases.
B) acceleration increases.
C) both
D) none of the above
Answer: A
15) The gain in speed each second for a freely falling object is about
A) 0 m/s.
B) 5 m/s.
C) 10 m/s.
D) 20 m/s.
E) depends on the initial speed.
Answer: C
16) An object travels 8 m in the 1st second of travel, 8 m again during the 2nd second of travel,
and 8 m again during the 3rd second. Its acceleration is
2
A) 0 m/s .
2
B) 5 m/s .
2
C) 8 m/s .
2
D) 10 m/s .
2
E) more than 10 m/s .
Answer: A
17) The speed of a vertically-thrown ball at the top of its path is
A) zero.
2
B) 10 m/s .
2
C) between zero and 10 m/s .
D) dependent on the mass of the ball.
Answer: A
18) If you toss a ball straight upward at 40 m/s, with no air resistance it returns to you at a speed
of
A) zero.
B) 10 m/s.
C) 40 m/s.
D) more than 40 m/s.
Answer: A
19) The acceleration of a cart moving down an inclined plane (a ramp)
A) is constant.
B) increases with time.
C) decreases with time.
Answer: A
20) What is the acceleration of a car that maintains a constant velocity of 100 km/h for 10 s?
2
A) 0 m/s
B) 10 km/h/s
2
C) 10 m/s
D) 1000 km/h/s
Answer: A
21) If a Jaguar sports car accelerates from zero to 100 km/h in 3.0 s its acceleration is
A) 0.03 km/h/s.
B) 0.06 km/h/s.
C) 33.3 km/h/s.
D) 66 km/h/s.
Answer: C
22) If you toss a ball straight upward at 40 m/s with no air resistance, one second before it
reaches the top of its path its speed is
A) zero.
B) 10 m/s.
C) 20 m/s.
D) 30 m/s
E) 40 m/s.
Answer: A
23) If you toss a ball straight upward at 40 m/s with no air resistance, one second after it reaches
the top of its path its speed is
A) zero.
B) 10 m/s.
C) 20 m/s.
D) 30 m/s
E) 40 m/s.
Answer: A
24) If you toss a ball straight upward at 40 m/s with no air resistance, 6 seconds later its speed is
A) zero.
B) 10 m/s.
C) 20 m/s.
D) 30 m/s
E) 40 m/s.
Answer: C
25) If a freely falling object were somehow equipped with a speedometer on a planet where the
2
acceleration due to gravity is 20 m/s , then its speed reading would increase each second by
A) 10 m/s.
B) 20 m/s.
C) 30 m/s.
D) 40 m/s.
E) depends on its initial speed.
Answer: B
26) The vertical height attained by a basketball player who achieves a hang time of a full 1 s is
about
A) 0.8 m.
B) 1 m.
C) 1.2 m.
D) 2.5 m.
E) more than 2.5 m.
Answer: C
27) On the surface of the Moon where acceleration due to gravity is less, a person's hang time
would be
A) longer.
B) shorter.
C) the same as on Earth.
Answer: A
Test Bank for Conceptual Physical Science
Paul Hewitt, John Suchocki, Leslie Hewitt
9780321752932, 9780134060491
