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ATI Medical Surgical Real Exam 92 Questions and Correct Answers (Verified
Answers)|AGrade
A nurse in a providers office is providing teaching to a client who has recent diagnosis of
rheumatoid arthritis and has a new prescription for naproxen tablets. Which of the following
statements by the client requires further teaching?
Answer: I can take this medication with aspirin.
*avoid taking this med. with other NSAID bc they increase the risk for bleed and ulcer
A nurse is teaching a client who has HIV about the early manifestations of AIDS. Which of the
following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
Answer: You can expect a persistent fever and swollen glands.
*clients who have aids can have persisten fever, swollen glands, diarrhea, weight loss, and
fatigue. These manifestations indicate a onset of AIDS
A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who is being treated for genital warts.
Which of the following statements indicates that the client understands how to prevent
transmission of the STI?
Answer: I will bring my sexual partner in for treatment
A nurse is teaching a client who has genital herpes about self management. Which of the
following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Answer: Apply a warm compress to the lesions.
*this will relieve discomfort. pt needs 3-4 sits baths. Avoid sexual activity when lesions are
present. Use a mild soap and pat dry
A nurse is assessing a client who has Kaposis sarcoma. Which of the following findings should
the nurse expect?
Answer: Reddish-purple skin lesions.
*It is associated w. AIDS
A nurse is planning discharge teaching for a client who has systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Which of the following instructions should the nurse plan to include?
Answer: Monitor your body temp and report any elevations promptly.
*SLE can affect any organ of the body. This can suggest a infection. UV light can cause a
exacerbation. Nsaids help treat inflammation.
A nurse is assessing a client who has systemic scleroderma. Which of the following findings
should the nurse expect?
Answer: Finger contractures
*causes thickening, hardenings, and tightening of skin, blood vessels, and internal organs. They
have decreased salvation. Ankle and pedal edema.
A nurse is caring for a client who is concerned about the possibility of contracting Lyme disease
after receiving a tick bite. For which manifestations of LYME disease should the nurse asses>
Answer: A progressive, circular rash.
A nurse is teaching a client who has Raynaud's disease. Which of the following info should the
nurse include in the teaching?
Answer: Protect against the cold by wearing layers of clothing.
A nurse is caring for a client who has HIV. "should i tell my partner that I have HIV? Which of
the following statements should the nurse give?
Answer: It sounds like you are unsure what to say to your partner
A nurse is caring for a client who has SLE. and is concerned about the skin lesions on her face
and neck. The client asks "What should I do about these spots?"
Answer: Apply moisturizer after bathing the lesions with warm water.
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has AIDS about preventing infection
while at home. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Answer: Wash your genitalia using antimicrobial soap
A nurse is teaching a client who has tested positive for an allergy to dust. The nurse determine
that the client understands how to reduce her exposure to this allergen when she states the
following?
Answer: I will apply a mattress cover to my bed
A nurse is teaching a client who has raynauds disease about preventing the onset of
manifestations.
Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching
Answer: I will not smoke
A nurse is teaching a client who has TB about new prescription for rifampin. Which of the
following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching
Answer: I can expect this medication to turn my skin orange.
*Needs to be taken on empty stomach
A nurse is monitoring a newly licensed nurse who is caring for a client. The client has active
pulmonary TB, was placed on airborne precautions, and is scheduled for a chest x-ray. The nurse
should instruct the newly licensed nurse to take which of the following actions?
Answer: Have client wear a surgical mask.
*Nurse needs to wear a N95
A nurse is caring for a client who is 2 days postop. Which of the following findings should alert
the nurse that the client is developing an infection?
Answer: Erythema at incision site.
*it is common after surgery to run low grade fever. WBC should be between 5000-10000
A nurse is reviewing the lab results for a client who reports bilateral pain and swelling in her
finger joints, with stiggness in the morning. The nurse should recognize that an increase in which
of the following laboratory tests can indicate arthrits?
Answer: Rheumatoid factor
*reticulocyte indicates chronic blood loss. Coombs test increase can indicate antiboidies to RBCs
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing an acute exacerbation of rheumatoid arthrits.
The nurse should anticipate that the clients affected joints will require which of the following
treatments?
Answer: Heat paraffin applied to the clients joints
*They will not need assistive devices only if severe loss of ROM. do not massage. do not
perform active ROM.
A nurse is teaching a client who has HIV about how the virus is transmitted. Which of the
following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
Answer: HIV can be transmitted to anyone who has had contact w. infected blood.
*there is no active or inactive phases
A nurse is teaching a client about manifestations of an allergic reaction. The nurse should explain
that histamine release causes which of the following reactions?
Answer: Increased mucus secretion
*Client will expect bronchospasm and constriction, a rapid weak pulse
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to the partner of a client who has AIDS. Which of the
following statements by the clients partner indicates the need for further teaching?
Answer: Ill clean up blood spills immediately w. hot water.
*It needs to be cleaned w. bleach solution. Use a separate bag to dispose soiled tissues. Wash
clothes in hot water w. bleach
A nurse is teaching a female client who has a new diagnosis of SLE. about factors that can
trigger an exacerbation of SLE. The nurse should determine that the client needs more teaching
when she identifies which of the following as a factor that can exacerbate SLE?
Answer: Exercise
*Pregnancy, sunlight, and infection can exacerbate
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Answer: a chronic autoimmune disease that devlops when the immune system becomes
hyperactive and attacks healthy body tissue. This attack results in generalized inflammation and
manifestations w. specific involved tissues.
A nurse is assessing a client who has an exacerbation of herpes zoster. Which of the following
manifestations of the clients skin should the nurse expect?
Answer: Unilateral, localized, nodular skin lesions.
*results from reactivation of varicella virus.
Herpes
Answer: a fluid filled vesicular rash in genital region
Impetigo
Answer: confluent, honey colored crusted lesions
A nurse is preparing to administer a Mantoux skin test to a client. The nurse should inform the
client that the purpose of a Mantoux skin test using purified protein derivative (PPD) is to do
which of the following.
Answer: Identify if a client has been infected w. mycobacterium TB.
A nurse is teaching a client who has AIDS about the transmission of Pneumocytis jiroveci
pneumonia (PCP). Which of the following info should the nurse include in teaching?
Answer: PCP results from an impaired immune system
A nurse is caring for a client who had radioallergosobernt (RAST) testing completed due to
seasonal allergies. The nurse should anticipate an elevation in which of the following lab tests?
Answer: Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
*iGg
Answer: Indicates production of antibodies to all types of infections, especially blood borne and
tissue infections
IgA
Answer: associated w. autoimmune disease
IgM
Answer: associated w. bacterial of viral infection
A nurse is caring for a client who has HIV. Which of the following types of isolation should the
nurse implement to prevent HIV?
Answer: Standard precautions. *
Protective isolation:
Answer: keeps client safe when immunocompromised
Droplet precautions
Answer: VIA air droplets
A nurse is providing to a client who has diagnosis of hep A. Which of the following statements
by the client indicates and understanding of the teaching?
Answer: I should stop eating raw clams
* transmitted through fetal-oral route through consumption of contaminated fruits, veggies,
water, milk, or uncooked shell fish.
A nurse is caring for a client who is 3 days post op following a right total hip arthroplasty. While
transferring to a chair, the client cries out in pain. The nurse should assess the client for which of
the following manifestations of dislocation of the hip porthesis?
Answer: Shortening of the right leg
*other findings will be increased hip pain, inability to move the extremity, and rotation of the hip
in or out. Impaired arterial circulation will have palor following elevation of the leg
A nurse is caring fora client who had fiber glass cast placed on her left arm several hours ago and
now reports itching under the cast. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
Answer: Use a hair dryer on a cool setting to blow air into the cast.
A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a female client. Which of the following findings
should the nurse indetify as a risk factor for osteoporosis?
Answer: History of anorexia nervosa due to inadequate protein intake.
A nurse is discussing the difference between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis w. a
newly licensed nurse. Which of the following info should the nurse include about osteoarthritis?
Answer: Osteoarthritis can impair a joint on a single side of the body.
*RA experiences symmetrical joint impairment and is a systemic autoimmune disorder.
A nurse is discussing the plan of care w. a client who has osteomyelitis of an open wound on his
heel. Which of the following info should nurse include?
Answer: Your provider might prescribe a central catheter line for long-term antibiotic therapy.
A nurse is caring for a client immediately following application of a plaster cast. The nurse
should monitor for and report which of the following findings as an indication of compartment
syndrome?
Answer: Paresthesia of the extremity.
A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has a prescription for probenecid to treat
gout. The nurse should identify that which of the following medications can interact w.
probenecid?
Answer: Asprin
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for alendronate for treatment of
osteoporosis. Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the
teaching?
Answer: I will sit upright after takin the medication.
A nurse is performing medication reconciliation for a newly admitted client who has rheumatoid
arthritis (RA). Which of the following medications should the nurse identify as the treatment for
this condition?
Answer: Celecoxib
A nurses is the ED is assessing a client who was in a motor vehicle crash 2 days ago and
sustained fractures to his tibia, ulna, and several ribs. The client is now disoriented to time
places, and has a SaO2 of 87%, and the nurse notes generalized petechiae on the clients skin.
Which of the following complications should the nurse suspect?
Answer: Fat embolism syndrome
*Fat globules occlude small blood vessels.
A nurse is caring for a client who is in skeletal traction following a femur fracture. The nurse
finds that the client has slid down toward the foot of the bed and the traction weight is resting on
the floor. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Answer: Have the client use a trapeze to pull himself up while ensuring the weight hangs freely.
*do not remove the weight w/o prescription.
A nurse is caring for a client who had a below-the knee- amputation for gangrene of the right
foot. The client reports sensations of burning and crushing pain in the toes of the right foot.
Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
Answer: This type of pain usually decreases over time as the limb becomes less sensitive.
A nurse in the ED is preparing to discharge a client following a grade 2 ankle sprain. Which of
the following instructions should the nurse plan to give the client?
Answer: Apply cold compresses to the extremity intermittently
A nurse is assessing a client who is 24hr post op following an above the elbow amputation.
Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as priority?
Answer: Report of muscle spasms.
Maslows hierarchy of needs
Answer: level one: physiological needs.
Second level: safety and security
Third level: consists of love and belonging needs
Fourth level: personal achievement and self-esteem
Fifth level: Consists of achieving full potential and the ability to problem solve and cope w. life
situations.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a pelvic fracture. The client reports sudden shortness of
breath, stabbing chest pain, and feelings of doom. The nurse should identify that the client is
experiencing which of the following complications?
Answer: Pulmonary embolus
A nurse is caring for a client who is post op following shoulder surgery. The client has a
prescription to keep the affected arm adducted. Which of the following instructions should the
nurse provide the client?
Answer: Hold your arm against the side of the body.
A nurse is caring for a client who is post op following a total knee arthroplasty and is prescribed
a continuous passive motion (CPM) machine and PCA. The client tells the nurse, "I am in so
much pain". Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Answer: Ask the client to describe the characteristics of pain
A nurse is assessing a client who is 48hr post op following open reduction and internal fixation
of a fractured tibia. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
Answer: Toes cold to the touch
*manifestations of compartment syndrome.
A nurse is providing preoperative teaching for a client who is scheduled for total knee
arthroplasty. Which of the following statements by the client should the nurse identify as
understanding of the teaching?
Answer: I should wear elastic stockings on both of my legs
A nurse is providing discharge instructions for a client who is post op following maxillary
fixation w. wiring. Which of the following info should the nurse include?
Answer: Cut the wiring if emesis occurs
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to the family of a client who has a new diagnosis of a
seizure disorder. The nurse should instruct the clients family to take which of the following
actions first in the event of a seizure?
Answer: Protect the clients head
A nurse is assessing a client who has a high-thoracic spinal cord injury. The nurse should identify
which of the following findings as a manifestation of autonomic dysreflexia?
Answer: Report of a headache
* other manifestations are flushing of face and neck, bradycardia, and extreme HTN.
A nurse is assessing a client who is post op following a craniotomy and has a urine output of
600ml/hr. The nurse suspects the client has manifestations of diabetes insipidus. Which of the
following lab values should the nurse plan to obtain to assess for DI?
Answer: Specific urine.
*Ketones measure DKA. Blood glucose measures diabetes mellitus.
A nurse is assessing a client who is admitted to the facility for observation following a closed
head injury. Which of the following is the priority assessment data the nurse should collect to
determine a change in the clients neurologic status?
Answer: Level of consciousness
*Pupils for increased intracranial pressure/brain ischemia.
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who is post op following cataract surgery and
has an intraocular lens implant. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an
understanding of the instructions?
Answer: I will avoid bending over
*avoid aspirin
A nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client who is scheduled for a MRI exam. What in
the clients history is a contraindication to the procedure
Answer: The pt has a pacemaker.
A nurse is assessing a client who is unconscious and has rhythmical breathing pattern of rapid
deep respirations, followed by rapid shallow respirations, alternating w. periods of apnea. The
nurse should document that the client is experiencing which of the following types of
respirations?
Answer: Cheyne-Stokes
*Can be result of drug over dose or increased intracranial pressure and can precede death.
Paradoxical
Answer: AKA flail chest. When chest wall contracts during inspiration and expands during
expiration. ex) rib fractures
Kussmaul
Answer: deep, rapid respiratory pattern of hyperventilation that can occur in a client who has
DKA
A nurse is reviewing the lab results of a lumbar puncture (LP) for a client who has manifestations
of bacterial meningitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Answer: Elevated protein
A nurse is assessing a client who has a new diagnosis of acute angle-closure glaucoma. The nurse
should anticipate the client to report which of the following manifestations/
Answer: Severe eye pain
*Reports of halos around lights, blurred vision, headache, brow pain, and N V.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new diagnosis of simple partial seizures about auras.
Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Answer: An aura is a sensory warning that a seizure is imminent
A nurse is assessing a client who has a closed head injury and has received mannitol for
manifestations of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Which of the following findings should
indicate to the nurse that the meds is having a therapeutic effect?
Answer: The clients serum osmolarity is 310 mOsm/L
A nurse is teaching a client who has myopia about LASIK surgery. The nurse should include in
the teaching that which of the following is an adverse effect of LASIK surgery.
Answer: Dry eyes.
*blurred vision
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma. Which of
the following info should the nurse include in the teaching?
Answer: Driving can be dangerous due to the loss of peripheral vision. Laser surgery can help
reestablish the flow of aqueous humor
A nurse is providing teaching to the partner of a client who has a new diagnosis of parkinsons
disease about degenerative complications. The nurse should include in the teaching that which of
the following manifestations is the priority?
Answer: Dysphagia
A nurse is providing teaching to the family of a client who has a new diagnosis of amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis (ALS). The nurse should include in the teaching that which of the following
findings is an early manifestation of ALS.
Answer: Weakness of the distal extremities
ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
Answer: a progressive neurodegenerative disease that involves the motor nerve cells in the brain
and the spinal cord causing muscle wasting, spasticity, and paralysis. Early manifestations
include increasing muscle weakness
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who is post op following scleral buckling to
repair a detached retina. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the
teaching?
Answer: You should avoid reading for one week.
*avoid activity that can cause rapid eye movement.
A nurse is providing teaching to the family of a client who has stage 2 alzhiemers disease. Which
of the following info should the nurse include in the teaching?
Answer: Limit choices offered to the client
A nurse is caring for a client who is post op following a frontal craniotomy. The nurse should
place the client in which of the following positions?
Answer: Semi-fowlers.
A nurse is assessing a client who has sutained recent head injury. Which of the following
findings should the nurse recognize as a manifestation of ICP
Answer: Widened pulse pressure
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has new diagnosis of migraine headaches about
interventions to reduce pain at the onset of a migraine. Which of the following instructions
should the nurse include in the teaching?
Answer: Darken the lights
A nurse in a rehabilitation center is performing an assessment for a client who is recovering from
a left hemisphere stroke. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Answer: Difficulty w. speech.
*left sided stoke affects right side and vise versa. A right sided stroke pt will be impulsive. Left
sided are cautious.
A nurse in a clinic is providing teaching to an adolescent client who has recurrent external otitis.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Answer: Instill a diluted alcohol solution into the ear after swimming.
A nurse is teaching a class of new parents about otitis media. Which of the following
manifestations should the nurse include in the teaching?
Answer: Feelings of fullness in the ear
A nurse is assessing a client who has a new diagnosis of mastoiditis. Which of the following
manifestations should the nurse expect?
Answer: Swelling behind the affected ear
A nurse is caring for a client who has a traumatic brain injury and assumes a decerebrate posture
in response to noxious stimuli. Which of the following reactions should the nurse anticipate
when drawing blood samples?
Answer: The client rigidly extends his arms.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of menieres disease. Which of
the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Answer: Avoid sudden movements
*disorder of the inner ear affecting balance and hearing, characterized by vertigo, hearing loss,
and tinnitus.
A nurse is providing teaching to a class about transient ischemic attacks (TIAS) which of the
following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Answer: A TIA can precede an ischemic stroke
A nurse is assessing a client who has Guillain-Barre syndrome. Which of the following findings
should the nurse expect?
Answer: Weakness of the lower extremities.
Guilliain-Barre syndrom
Answer: acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, is an inflammatory disorder of the
peripheral nerves. It is characterized by the rapid onset of ascending weakness and paralysis.
A nurse in an acute care facility is preparing to admit a client who has myasthenia gravis. Which
of the following supplies should the nurse place at the clients bedside?
Answer: Oral-nasal suction equipment
*MG is at risk for aspiration bc of progressive weakness of the oropharyngeal muscles
A nurse is performing a neurologic assessment for a client who has a brain tumor. Which of the
following findings should indicate to the nurse cranial nerve involvement?
Answer: Dysphagia.
