Walden University NURS 6501 Final Exam– Question and answers
Advanced Pathophysiology (Walden University)
Walden University NURS 6501 Final Exam – Question and Answers
(Correct Answers).
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Question 1
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of
the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide?
Answer: b. Expressivity
Question 2
Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells?
Answer: c. Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
Question 3
A 15-year-old female is diagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome. This condition is an example
of:
Answer: a. Gene imprinting
Question 4
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic
pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:
Answer: b. Plasma proteins
Question 5
During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is referred to as _____ atrophy.
Answer: a. Physiologic
Question 6
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction?
Answer: a. Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development
Question 7
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic
fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene.
Answer: d. Autosomal recessive
Question 8
A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that causes cell death with
severe cell swelling and breakdown of organelles. What term would the nurse use to define
this process?
Answer: d. Necrosis
Question 9
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of
the genetic information be contained?
Answer: c. Nucleolus
Question 10
A nurse is discussing the movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes
into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary. Which process of fluid movement is the
nurse describing?
Answer: a. Hydrostatic pressure
Question 11
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?
Answer: c. By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
Question 12
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell’s endoplasmic reticulum results in:
Answer: c. Reduced protein synthesis
Question 13
The ion transporter that moves Na+ and Ca2+ simultaneously in the same direction is an
example of which of the following types of transport?
Answer: d. Symport
Question 14
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance. Which
finding will support this diagnosis?
Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Question 15
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse’s best
response?
Answer: d. Pregnancy in women over age 35
Question 16
The student is reviewing functions of the cell. The student would be correct in identifying the
primary function of the nerve cell as:
Answer: b. Conductivity
Question 17
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus
has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition?
Answer: c. Tetraploidy
Question 18
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of:
Answer: a. Decreased ATP production
Question 19
Which of the following mutations have the most significant effect on protein synthesis?
Answer: d. Frameshift mutations
Question 20
A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for respiratory
disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous epithelial
cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. This type of cellular adaptation is
called:
Answer: c. Metaplasia
Question 21
A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes how glucose is transported from the blood to the
cell. What type of transport system should the nurse discuss with the patient?
Answer: d. Passive-mediated transport (facilitated diffusion)
Question 22
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent
homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include
a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body
hair.
Answer: c. Turner syndrome
Question 23
A cell is isolated, and electrophysiology studies reveal that the resting membrane potential is
–70 millivolts. The predominant intracellular ion is Na+, and the predominant extracellular
ion is K+. With voltage change, which of the following would result in an action potential?
Answer: b. Na+ rushing into the cell
Question 24
A group of prison inmates developed tuberculosis following exposure to an infected inmate.
On examination, tissues were soft and granular (like clumped cheese). Which of the
following is the most likely cause?
Answer: c. Caseous necrosis
Question 25
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will
facilitate his continued muscle performance?
Answer: c. Anaerobic glycolysis
Question 26
When completing this quiz, did you comply with Walden University’s Code of Conduct
including the expectations for academic integrity?
Answer: Yes
Question 27
A 19-year-old female presents with genital warts. Which of the following would cause this
condition?
Answer: c. HPV
Question 28
In the majority of cases delayed puberty is due to:
Answer: c. Slow maturation
Question 29
A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with endometriosis. Suppressing which of the following
would be the most appropriate medical treatment for this disease?
Answer: b. Ovulation
Question 30
The nurse would anticipate the treatment for pelvic organ prolapse to be:
Answer: b. A pessary
Question 31
While preparing to teach the staff about female anatomy, which information should be
included? During the years that a woman is more likely to be sexually active, the vagina
mucosa is protected from infection by:
Answer: b. An acidic pH
Question 32
While speaking to a group of older males, which information should the nurse share? The
following is a normal characteristic of aging and the male reproductive system:
Answer: d. Refractory time after ejaculation is prolonged.
Question 33
A 40-year-old female presents with cramping and excessive vaginal bleeding. Ultrasound
reveals benign uterine tumors in the smooth muscle cells of the myometrium. These tumors
are commonly called:
Answer: c. Leiomyomas
Question 34
The most commonly occurring cancer of the female reproductive tract is _____ cancer.
Answer: a. Cervical
Question 35
Changes in the cervical mucus can be used to identify the periods in which a female is most
fertile. How should the nurse describe cervical mucus during ovulation?
Answer: b. Thin and watery
Question 36
Which information indicates the nurse has a good understanding of the menstrual cycle?
When estrogen and progesterone levels drop, the endometrium enters the _____ phase.
Answer: c. Menstrual
Question 37
Copy of The nurse would anticipate the treatment for pelvic organ prolapse to be:
Answer: b. A pessary
Question 38
An 18-year-old female is diagnosed with dysmenorrhea. Which of the following symptoms
will she most likely experience?
Answer: b. Painful menstruation
Question 39
A 21-year-old female is infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) following unprotected
sexual intercourse with a male she recently met. She is now at higher risk of developing
which of the following cancers?
Answer: a. Cervical
Question 40
A nurse is teaching the staff about female hormones. Which hormone promotes the formation
of channels in the mucus of the cervical os to facilitate sperm movement into the uterus?
Answer: d. Estrogen
Question 41
When the nurse describes the duct that carries the ovum from the ovary to the uterus, what is
the nurse discussing? The:
Answer: d. Fallopian tube
Question 42
A 20-year-old female presents with pelvic and back pain severe enough to miss work. She
reports that the pain occurs with the onset of menses. Physical examination fails to find pelvic
pathology. The most likely cause of her condition is:
Answer: c. Elevated prostaglandins
Question 43
When discussing the difference between male and female sex hormones, which information
should the nurse include? The major difference between male and female sex hormone
production is that:
Answer: b. Sex hormone production in the male is relatively constant.
Question 44
A 25-year-old female presents with amenorrhea and hirsutism. She is diagnosed with PCOS.
Lab testing will most likely reveal:
Answer: d. Hyperinsulinemia
Question 45
A syndrome often associated with cystocele is:
Answer: c. Stress incontinence
Question 46
An example of a parasitic STI that is transmitted through close skin-to-skin contact is:
Answer: c. Scabies
Question 47
Symptoms of prostatitis are similar to symptoms of:
Answer: c. Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Question 48
A nursing student asks the nurse where the glands of Montgomery are located. How should
the nurse reply? The glands of Montgomery are located in the:
Answer: b. Breasts
Question 49
A 23-year-old sexually active female presents with white copious discharge and itch. She is
diagnosed with yeast vaginitis caused by overgrowth of which microorganism?
Answer: c. Candida albicans
Question 50
When a staff member asks which structure secretes glucose-rich fluid into the semen, how
should the nurse respond?
Answer: a. Seminal vesicles
Question 51
A middle-aged male speaks to his physician about benign BPH. He reveals that his father was
recently diagnosed with this condition, and he wants to know if he could have it. The
physician tells him that a common complaint from men with mild to moderate BPH is:
Answer: a. Decreased urinary stream
Question 52
A 38-year-old female was recently diagnosed with cancer. She learns that her mother almost
miscarried while pregnant with her and was given diethylstilbestrol (DES) to prevent it.
Which of the following cancers does she most likely have?
Answer: b. Vaginal
Question 53
Which of the following signs is usually the first clinical manifestation of breast cancer?
Answer: d. A painless lump
Question 54
When a teenager asks what makes the breast grow, what is the nurse’s best response? The
hormone that promotes breast development during puberty is:
Answer: d. Estradiol
Question 55
Progesterone is often referred to as “the hormone of pregnancy,” and the patient asks what
this phrase means. How should the nurse respond? Progesterone is the hormone of pregnancy
because it:
Answer: d. Prevents smooth muscle contraction of the uterus
Question 56
A 35-year-old female presents with infertility and gradual blindness. She reports that she has
otherwise been healthy. History reveals that she was promiscuous and had unprotected sexual
intercourse several times when she was younger. She now has neurological involvement.
Which of the following sexually transmitted infection (STI) does she most likely have?
Answer: a. Syphilis
Question 57
When a staff member asks the nurse what the thick middle layer of the uterine wall is called,
what is the nurse’s best response? The:
Answer: c. Myometrium
Question 58
_____ is inflammation of the glans penis.
Answer: b. Balanitis
Question 59
A 21-year-old male presents with inflammation of the testes. He has a high fever and edema
and redness of the testes. Which organism is the most likely the cause of his symptoms?
Answer: c. Mumps
Question 60
A 56-year-old female is in menopause. She has ovarian failure. While checking the lab
results, which of the following will the nurse find?
Answer: a. Increased FSH
Question 61
When a patient who is trying to get pregnant asks where the usual site of fertilization is, how
should the nurse respond? The:
Answer: c. Ampulla of the fallopian tubes
Question 62
A student asks the instructor which of the following hormones stimulates follicular
maturation. How should the instructor respond?
Answer: c. LH
Question 63
A 40-year-old male is concerned about the possibility of developing prostate cancer. He
reports that his father died of prostate cancer, and he wants to take all preventive measures.
He is told to consume a diet low in:
Answer: a. Fat
Question 64
A patient asks the nurse what is the most sensitive area of the penis. What is the nurse’s best
answer? The area of the penis with the most nerve endings is the:
Answer: b. Glans
Question 65
What term should the nurse use when discussing male sex hormones collectively?
Answer: d. Androgens
Question 66
When the nurse is teaching about the menstrual cycle, which information should be included?
Menstruation is followed by the _____ phase of the menstrual cycle.
Answer: a. Follicular
Question 67
When completing this quiz, did you comply with Walden University’s Code of Conduct
including the expectations for academic integrity?
Answer: Yes
