HESI A2 ENTRANCE EXAMS ALL SUBJECT INCLUDED.
HESI A2 VERSION 1
READING COMPEHENSION
Doppler Effect
Have you ever wondered why the whistle of a traveling, distant locomotive
predicts its approach several yards before anyone actually sees it? Or why an
oncoming ambulance’s screaming siren is heard momentarily several feet before
the ambulance comes into full view, before it passes you, and why its siren is still
heard faintly well after the ambulance is out of sight?
What you are witnessing is a scientific phenomenon known as the Doppler Effect.
What takes place is truly remarkable. In both of these instances, when the train or
ambulance moves toward the sound waves in front of it, the sound waves are
pulled closer together and have a higher frequency. In either instance, the listener
positioned in front of the moving object hears a higher pitch. The ambulance and
locomotive are progressively moving away from the sound waves behind them,
causing the waves to be farther apart and to have a lower frequency. These fastapproaching modes of transportation distance themselves past the listener, who
hears a lower
pitch.
1. Which statement is not listed as a detail in the passage?
A. The oncoming sound waves have a higher pitch because of high frequency and
closeness of waves.
B. The oncoming sound waves have a higher pitch because of low frequency and
closeness of waves.
C. The whistling sound of the locomotive as it approaches and passes can be
explained by the Doppler effect.
D. The high-pitched sound of the ambulance as it approaches and passes can be
explained by the Doppler effect.
Answer: B. The oncoming sound waves have a higher pitch because of low
frequency and closeness of waves.
2. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Trains and ambulances make distinctly loud noises.
B. Low-frequency waves make high-pitched sounds.
C. High-frequency waves make low-pitched sounds.
D. The Doppler Effect explains the rationale for why sound is heard initially more
strongly and then faintly after a moving object has passed.
Answer: D. The Doppler Effect explains the rationale for why sound is heard
initially more strongly and then faintly after a moving object has passed.
3. What is the meaning of the word phenomenon in the second paragraph?
A. Something that is lifeless to the senses
B. Something that is nonchalant
C. Something that is significant but unusual
D. Something that is chemical in origin
Answer: C. Something that is significant but unusual
4. What is the author’s primary purpose in writing this essay?
A. To entertain the reader with information about trains and ambulances
B. To inform the reader about avoiding accidents, which involve trains and
ambulances
C. To inform the reader about how movement affects sound
D. To analyze the difference between train and ambulance sounds
Answer: C. To inform the reader about how movement affects sound
5. Which sound waves have a higher pitch?
A. Those waves that are closer together
B. Those waves that are farther apart
C. Those waves that travel a long distance
D. Those waves that travel a short distance
Answer: A. Those waves that are closer together
6. Which sound waves have a lower pitch?
A. Those waves that are closer together
B. Those waves that are farther apart
C. Those waves that travel a long distance
D. Those waves that travel a short distance
Answer: B. Those waves that are farther apart
Electrocardiogram
Beep!…Beep!…Beep! is the audible rhythmic sound made as the strength of the
heart muscle is measured. The signal cadence has a characteristic record that varies
in every individual. This record is called an electrocardiogram, or ECG.
In the body, an array of systemic neural responses constantly occur, emitting
electric currents. The electric currents can be detected on the surface of the body,
and if a person is hooked to an amplifier, these impulses are recorded by an
electrocardiograph.
Most of the information obtained is about the heart because the heart sends out
electric currents in waves. This “wave of excitation” spreads through the heart wall
and is accompanied by electric changes. The wave takes place in three distinct
steps.
Initially, the “wave of excitation” accompanied by an electric change lasts for
approximately 1 to 2 seconds after the contraction of the cardiac muscle. The
electric impulses are discharged rhythmically from the sinoatrial (SA) node, the
pacemaker of the heart. This spread of excitation over the muscle of the atrium
indicates that the atrium has contracted.
Next, the peak of the ECG reading is due to the atrioventricular (AV) node,
causing the ventricle to become excited.
Finally, the ventricles relax, and any changes in the wave indicate to trained
medical staff any abnormalities within the heart.
7. What is the author’s primary purpose in writing the essay?
A. To persuade the reader to have an ECG
B. To entertain the reader with a heart-warming story
C. To inform the reader how an electrocardiograph reads the electric currents
emitted by the heart
D. To analyze the difference in the SA node and the AV node
Answer: C. To inform the reader how an electrocardiograph reads the electric
currents emitted by the heart
8. Which statement is not listed as a detail within the passage?
A. Changes in the ECG are typically used for diagnosis of abnormal cardiac
rhythm.
B. The signal has a characteristic record called the electrocardiogram.
C. The “wave of excitation” starts at the SA node.
D. The “wave of excitation” spreads through the heart wall and is accompanied by
electric changes.
Answer: A. Changes in the ECG are typically used for diagnosis of abnormal
cardiac rhythm.
9. What is the meaning of the word emitting as it is used in the second paragraph?
A. Repelling
B. Releasing
C. Closing
D. Charging
Answer: B. Releasing
10. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Electric currents within the body are due to electrostatic charges set off by the
heart.
B. The ECG systematically and quickly measures the stages at which the “wave of
excitation” occurs within the heart and records them.
C. The “wave of excitation” is detected on the surface of the body and is used to
measure the atrial excitation of the heart.
D. The electric currents within the body are in direct relation to the “wave of
excitation” measured by the ECG.
Answer: B. The ECG systematically and quickly measures the stages at which the
“wave of excitation” occurs within the heart and records them.
11. What is the best summary of the passage?
A. Electric currents within the body are due to electrostatic charges set off by the
heart. Medical staff are trained to recognize any abnormalities within the heart.
B. Every individual has unique electric currents on the surface of the body. The
ECG measures and records these electric currents.
C. The ECG systematically and rather quickly measures the stages at which the
“wave of excitation” occurs within the heart and records them. This wave has three
distinct steps that spread from the SA node to the AV node.
D. The ECG measures the electric currents within the body. These currents are
detected on the surface of the body when the body is connected to an amplifier.
Answer: C. The ECG systematically and rather quickly measures the stages at
which the “wave of excitation” occurs within the heart and records them. This
wave has three distinct steps that spread from the SA node to the AV node.
12. What are the three steps of the “wave of excitation”?
A. The discharge from the SA node, the peak ECG, and the excitement of the
ventricle.
B. The excitement of the ventricle, the relaxing of the ventricle, and the systemic
neural response.
C. The contraction of the atrium, the relaxation of the atrium, and the contraction
of the ventricle.
D. The excitation of the atrium, the excitement of the ventricle, and the relaxing of
the ventricle.
Answer: D. The excitation of the atrium, the excitement of the ventricle, and the
relaxing of the ventricle.
Blood Pressure Regulators
The body is composed of systems that have evolved and diversified in order to
maintain the natural functions and processes they regulate. One such system that
has these regulators is the body’s cardiovascular system. The body’s pump, which
regulates the flow of vitally needed oxygen to all cells of the body, as well as the
discard of carbon dioxide and other waste products, is the heart.
Because blood pressure varies at different points within the body, differing
components are needed to keep the body’s blood pressure regulated. Three of the
basic components are baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and the kidneys.
Baroreceptors are stretch receptors composed of fine branching nerve endings and
are contained along the walls of the arteries near the heart and in other areas of the
body as well. Impulses are related to this stretching along the arterial walls, which
causes these baroreceptors to send out even more impulses to the heart, arteries,
and veins, causing the blood pressure to go either up or down.
Chemoreceptors are located along the walls of the arteries and monitor changes in
oxygen level, carbon dioxide, and pH. Just think! A fall in oxygen causes receptors
to send impulses to raise the blood pressure.
The kidneys play a role in regulating blood pressure by absorbing salts and water
and removing wastes. Hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex cause the kidney to
keep or let go of any salt and water. This has an influence on blood volume and
consequently on blood pressure.
13. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Blood pressure can be treated only by monitoring baroreceptors.
B. Blood pressure can be treated only by monitoring chemoreceptors.
C. Blood pressure can be treated only by monitoring the kidneys.
D. Blood pressure can be regulated through baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and
the kidneys.
Answer: D. Blood pressure can be regulated through baroreceptors,
chemoreceptors, and the kidneys.
14. Which statement is not a detail from the passage?
A. Baroreceptors are rigid and static nerve endings that are contained along the
arterial walls and send out messages along the nerve pathway.
B. Chemoreceptors are located along the walls of the arteries and monitor changes
in oxygen level.
C. The kidneys play a role in regulating blood pressure by absorbing salts and
water.
D. The heart is the body’s pump, which regulates the flow of vitally needed
oxygen to cells of the body.
Answer: A. Baroreceptors are rigid and static nerve endings that are contained
along the arterial walls and send out messages along the nerve pathway.
15. What is the meaning of the word evolved in the first paragraph?
A. To spread
B. To gradually develop
C. To revolve
D. To shift
Answer: B. To gradually develop
16. What is the writer’s primary purpose in writing this essay?
A. To inform the reader about the dangers of high blood pressure
B. To inform the reader how high blood pressure leads to a higher risk of heart
attack
C. To inform the reader how the cardiovascular system regulates blood pressure
D. To persuade the reader that controlling one’s blood pressure is important
Answer: C. To inform the reader how the cardiovascular system regulates blood
pressure
17. What is the best summary of this passage?
A. The body’s pump, the heart, regulates the flow of oxygen to all cells of the body
and discards waste products that include carbon dioxide. The kidneys help in this
process by absorbing salts and water.
B. There are several systems to maintain the natural functions and processes of the
body. One system is the cardiovascular system, which regulates blood pressure
through baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and the kidneys.
C. Baroreceptors help regulate blood pressure and are found along the wall of the
arteries. Baroreceptors send out impulses to the heart, arteries, and veins, resulting
in the lowering or raising of blood pressure.
D. Chemoreceptors monitor changes in oxygen level that affect blood pressure.
Answer: B. There are several systems to maintain the natural functions and
processes of the body. One system is the cardiovascular system, which regulates
blood pressure through baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and the kidneys.
18. What is a major difference in the way baroreceptors and chemoreceptors work
from the way the kidneys work?
A. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors both work within the wall of the arteries
sending out impulses to raise or lower blood pressure, whereas the kidneys help
control blood volume.
B. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors both work to help maintain blood volume,
whereas the kidneys take care of salts, water, and waste removal.
C. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors must work together to control blood
pressure, whereas the kidneys work with the adrenal cortex.
D. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are both located near the adrenal cortex,
whereas the kidneys are located near the heart.
Answer: A. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors both work within the wall of the
arteries sending out impulses to raise or lower blood pressure, whereas the kidneys
help control blood volume.
Questions 19 to 24 pertain to the following passage:
The immune system is a network of cells, tissues, and organs that defends the body
against attacks by foreign invaders. These invaders are primarily microbes—tiny
organisms such as bacteria, parasites, and fungi—that can cause infections. Viruses
also cause infections, but are too primitive to be classified as living organisms. The
human body provides an ideal environment for many microbes. It is the immune
system’s job to keep the microbes out or destroy them.
The immune system is amazingly complex. It can recognize and remember
millions of different enemies, and it can secrete fluids and cells to wipe out nearly
all of them. The secret to its success is an elaborate and dynamic communications
network. Millions of cells, organized into sets and subsets, gather and transfer
information in response to an infection. Once immune cells receive the alarm, they
produce powerful chemicals that help to regulate their own growth and behavior,
enlist other immune cells, and direct the new recruits to trouble spots.
Although scientists have learned much about the immune system, they continue to
puzzle over how the body destroys invading microbes, infected cells, and tumors
without harming healthy tissues. New technologies for identifying individual
immune cells are now allowing scientists to determine quickly which targets are
triggering an immune response. Improvements in microscopy are permitting the
first-ever observations of living B cells, T cells, and other cells as they interact
within lymph nodes and other body tissues.
In addition, scientists are rapidly unraveling the genetic blueprints that direct the
human immune response, as well as those that dictate the biology of bacteria,
viruses, and parasites. The combination of new technology with expanded genetic
information will no doubt reveal even more about how the body protects itself
from disease.
19. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Scientists fully understand the immune system.
B. The immune system triggers the production of fluids.
C. The body is under constant invasion by malicious microbes.
D. The immune system protects the body from infection.
Answer: D. The immune system protects the body from infection.
20. Which statement is not a detail from the passage?
A. Most invaders of the body are microbes.
B. The immune system relies on excellent communication.
C. Viruses are extremely sophisticated.
D. The cells of the immune system are organized.
Answer: C. Viruses are extremely sophisticated.
21. What is the meaning of the word ideal as it is used in the first paragraph?
A. thoughtful
B. confined
C. hostile
D. perfect
Answer: D. perfect
22. Which statement is not a detail from the passage?
A. Scientists can now see T cells.
B. The immune system ignores tumors.
C. The ability of the immune system to fight disease without harming the body
remains mysterious.
D. The immune system remembers millions of different invaders.
Answer: B. The immune system ignores tumors.
23. What is the meaning of the word enlist as it is used in the second paragraph?
A. call into service
B. write down
C. send away
D. put across
Answer: A. call into service
24. What is the author’s primary purpose in writing the essay?
A. to persuade
B. to analyze
C. to inform
D. to entertain
Answer: C. to inform
Questions 25 to 28 pertain to the following passage:
The federal government regulates dietary supplements through the United States
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The regulations for dietary supplements are
not the same as those for prescription or over-the-counter drugs. In general, the
regulations for dietary supplements are less strict.
To begin with, a manufacturer does not have to prove the safety and effectiveness
of a dietary supplement before it is marketed. A manufacturer is permitted to say
that a dietary supplement addresses a nutrient deficiency, supports health, or is
linked to a particular body function (such as immunity), if there is research to
support the claim. Such a claim must be followed by the words “This statement
has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not
intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.”
Also, manufacturers are expected to follow certain good manufacturing practices
(GMPs) to ensure that dietary supplements are processed consistently and meet
quality standards. Requirements for GMPs went into effect in 2008 for large
manufacturers and are being phased in for small manufacturers through 2010.
Once a dietary supplement is on the market, the FDA monitors safety and product
information, such as label claims and package inserts. If it finds a product to be
unsafe, it can take action against the manufacturer and/or distributor and may issue
a warning or require that the product be removed from the marketplace. The
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is responsible for regulating product advertising;
it requires that all information be truthful and not misleading.
The federal government has taken legal action against a number of dietary
supplement promoters or Web sites that promote or sell dietary supplements
because they have made false or deceptive statements about their products or
because marketed products have proven to be unsafe.
25. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Manufacturers of dietary supplements have to follow good manufacturing
practices.
B. The FDA has a special program for regulating dietary supplements.
C. The federal government prosecutes those who mislead the general public.
D. The FDA is part of the federal government.
Answer: B. The FDA has a special program for regulating dietary supplements.
26. Which statement is not a detail from the passage?
A. Promoters of dietary supplements can make any claims that are supported by
research.
B. GMP requirements for large manufacturers went into effect in 2008.
C. Product advertising is regulated by the FTC.
D. The FDA does not monitor products after they enter the market.
Answer: D. The FDA does not monitor products after they enter the market.
27. What is the meaning of the phrase phased in as it is used in the third
paragraph?
A. stunned into silence
B. confused
C. implemented in stages
D. legalized
Answer: C. implemented in stages
28. What is the meaning of the word deceptive as it is used in the fifth paragraph?
A. misleading
B. malicious
C. illegal
D. irritating
Answer: A. misleading
Questions 29 to 32 pertain to the following passage:
Foodborne illnesses are contracted by eating food or drinking beverages
contaminated with bacteria, parasites, or viruses. Harmful chemicals can also
cause foodborne illnesses if they have contaminated food during harvesting or
processing. Foodborne illnesses can cause symptoms ranging from upset stomach
to diarrhea, fever, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and dehydration. Most foodborne
infections are undiagnosed and unreported, though the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention estimates that every year about 76 million people in the United
States become ill from pathogens in food. About 5,000 of these people die.
Harmful bacteria are the most common cause of foodborne illness. Some bacteria
may be present at the point of purchase. Raw foods are the most common source of
foodborne illnesses because they are not sterile; examples include raw meat and
poultry contaminated during slaughter. Seafood may become contaminated during
harvest or processing. One in 10,000 eggs may be contaminated with Salmonella
inside the shell. Produce, such as spinach, lettuce, tomatoes, sprouts, and melons,
can become contaminated with Salmonella, Shigella, or Escherichia coli (E. coli).
Contamination can occur during growing, harvesting, processing, storing,
shipping, or final preparation. Sources of produce contamination vary, as these
foods are grown in soil and can become contaminated during growth, processing,
or distribution. Contamination may also occur during food preparation in a
restaurant or a home kitchen. The most common form of contamination from
handled foods is the calicivirus, also called the Norwalk-like virus.
When food is cooked and left out for more than two hours at room temperature,
bacteria can multiply quickly. Most bacteria don’t produce an odor or change in
color or texture, so they can be impossible to detect. Freezing food slows or stops
bacteria’s growth, but does not destroy the bacteria. The microbes can become
reactivated when the food is thawed. Refrigeration also can slow the growth of
some bacteria. Thorough cooking is required to destroy the bacteria.
29. What is the subject of the passage?
A. foodborne illnesses
B. the dangers of uncooked food
C. bacteria
D. proper food preparation
Answer: A. foodborne illnesses
30. Which statement is not a detail from the passage?
A. Every year, more than 70 million Americans contract some form of foodborne
illness.
B. Once food is cooked, it cannot cause illness.
C. Refrigeration can slow the growth of some bacteria.
D. The most common form of contamination in handled foods is calicivirus.
Answer: B. Once food is cooked, it cannot cause illness.
31. What is the meaning of the word pathogens as it is used in the first paragraph?
A. diseases
B. vaccines
C. disease-causing substances
D. foods
Answer: C. disease-causing substances
32. What is the meaning of the word sterile as it is used in the second paragraph?
A. free of bacteria
B. healthy
C. delicious
D. impotent
Answer: A. free of bacteria
The Water Cycle
Water is needed to sustain practically all life functions on planet Earth. A single
drop of this compound is composed of an oxygen atom that shares its electrons
with each of the two hydrogen atoms.
The cycle starts when precipitation, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, descends
from the sky onto the ground. Water that is not absorbed immediately from the
precipitation is known as runoff. The runoff flows across the land and collects in
groundwater reservoirs, rivers, streams, and oceans.
Evaporation takes place when liquid water changes into water vapor, which is a
gas. Water vapor returns to the air from surface water and plants.
Ultimately, condensation happens when this water vapor cools and changes back
into droplets of liquid. In fact, the puffy, cotton clouds that we observe are formed
by condensation. When the clouds become heavily laden with liquid droplets,
precipitation ensues.
33. What is the meaning of the word composed in the first paragraph?
A. To consist of
B. To be uniquely discovered
C. To be set apart
D. To be surprised
Answer: A. To consist of
34. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Water is formed from the joining of two hydrogen atoms to one atom of
oxygen.
B. Water is a versatile and important universal solvent.
C. The different components of the water cycle are precipitation, evaporation, and
condensation.
D. Rain is a trivial part of the life cycle.
Answer: C. The different components of the water cycle are precipitation,
evaporation, and condensation.
35. Which statement is not a detail from the passage?
A. A single drop of water is made of a couple of hydrogen atoms and oxygen
atoms.
B. Evaporation takes place when liquid water changes into water vapor.
C. Water that is not absorbed is called runoff.
D. Condensation fails to happen when water vapor cools and changes back into
droplets of liquid.
Answer: D. Condensation fails to happen when water vapor cools and changes
back into droplets of liquid.
36. What was the author’s primary purpose for writing this essay?
A. To persuade the reader to conserve water
B. To persuade the reader that runoff is not the best way to collect water
C. To analyze different types of runoff
D. To inform the reader about the stages of the water cycle
Answer: D. To inform the reader about the stages of the water cycle
37. What can the reader conclude from this passage about ponds and lakes?
A. They are examples of groundwater reservoirs.
B. They are not important in the collection of runoff.
C. They do not play a role in water collection.
D. They consist of only water collected through precipitation.
Answer: A. They are examples of groundwater reservoirs.
38. Knowing that the cooling of water vapor results in condensation, one could
conclude that is/are a factor in the evaporation process.
A. Humidity
B. Heat
C. Electrons
D. Runoff
Answer: B. Heat
Questions 39 to 42 pertain to the following passage:
Searching for medical information can be confusing, especially for first-timers.
However, if you are patient and stick to it, you can find a wealth of information.
Your community library is a good place to start your search for medical
information. Before going to the library, you may find it helpful to make a list of
topics you want information about and questions you have. Your list of topics and
questions will make it easier for the librarian to direct you to the best resources.
Many community libraries have a collection of basic medical references. These
references may include medical dictionaries or encyclopedias, drug information
handbooks, basic medical and nursing textbooks, and directories of physicians and
medical specialists (listings of doctors).
You may also find magazine articles on a certain topic. Look in the Reader’s Guide
to Periodical Literature for articles on health and medicine from consumer
magazines.
Infotrac, a CD-ROM computer database available at libraries or on the Web,
indexes hundreds of popular magazines and newspapers, as well as medical
journals such as the Journal of the American Medical Association and New
England Journal of Medicine.
Your library may also carry searchable computer databases of medical journal
articles, including MEDLINE/PubMed or the
Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Many of the databases
or indexes have abstracts that provide a summary of each journal article. Although
most community libraries don’t have a large collection of medical and nursing
journals, your librarian may be able to get copies of the articles you want.
Interlibrary loans allow your librarian to request a copy of an article from a library
that carries that particular medical journal. Your library may charge a fee for this
service. Articles published in medical journals can be technical, but they may be
the most current source of information on medical topics.
39. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Infotrac is a useful source of information.
B. The community library offers numerous resources for medical information.
C. Searching for medical information can be confusing.
D. There is no reason to prepare a list of topics before visiting the library.
Answer: B. The community library offers numerous resources for medical
information.
40. What is the meaning of the word popular as it is used in the third paragraph?
A. complicated
B. old-fashioned
C. beloved
D. for the general public
Answer: D. for the general public
41. Which statement is not a detail from the passage?
A. Abstracts summarize the information in an article.
B. Having a prepared list of questions enables the librarian to serve you better.
C. Infotrac is a database on CD-ROM.
D. The articles in popular magazines can be hard to understand.
Answer: D. The articles in popular magazines can be hard to understand.
42. What is the meaning of the word technical as it is used in the fourth paragraph?
A. requiring expert knowledge
B. incomplete
C. foreign
D. plagiarized
Answer: A. requiring expert knowledge
Blood Pressure
Lub-dub! Lub-dub! Lub-dub! This sound is made by the rapid contracting and
extending of the chamber doors on the inside of the heart. This ventricular
contracting injects roughly 70 mL of blood into a vascular system with a given
volume at differing pressure.
Blood pressure refers to the pressure in the arterial system; and it is typically taken
in the brachial artery of the arm because the pressure at different places along the
circulatory route is different. Blood pressure is simply the force that the blood
exerts in all directions within any given area and is the basis for the movement of
blood from the heart, through the body, and back to the heart. This pressure is
commonly expressed as a ratio of the systolic pressure over the diastolic pressure.
The systolic pressure or “high peak” pressure takes place within the arterial system
as ventricles contract and force blood into the arteries. The diastolic pressure or
“low peak” pressure takes place within this arterial system just before the next
ventricular contraction.
An increase in blood pressure can occur if the arterial walls lose some of their
elasticity with age or disease.
43. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Blood pressure overall measures the elasticity of the arteries near the heart as
they stretch to accommodate expelled blood.
B. Blood pressure within the arterial system takes into account that pressure is
different at varying locations.
C. Blood pressure is simply the force that the blood exerts in all directions within
any given area, measured as a ratio.
D. Blood pressure represents the pulse difference between ventricular contractions.
Answer: C. Blood pressure is simply the force that the blood exerts in all
directions within any given area, measured as a ratio.
44. Which statement is not a detail from the passage?
A. The ventricular contraction asserts capillary pressure that is about 70 mm Hg.
B. The pressures at different places in the circulatory system are different.
C. Increase in blood pressure can occur if arterial walls lose some of their
elasticity.
D. Blood pressure is expressed as a ratio of systolic over diastolic pressure.
Answer: A. The ventricular contraction asserts capillary pressure that is about 70
mm Hg.
45. What is the meaning of the word elasticity in the last paragraph?
A. Something that is able to resist and be flexible
B. Something that is like plastic
C. Something that is dynamic and electrifying
D. Something that is silly
Answer: A. Something that is able to resist and be flexible
46. What is the author’s primary purpose in writing this essay?
A. To entertain the reader with information about the blood system
B. To analyze how blood pressure can affect an individual’s health
C. To inform the reader how blood pressure is measured
D. To persuade the reader of the importance of accurate blood pressure procedures
Answer: C. To inform the reader how blood pressure is measured
47. Which of the following is not a fact stated in the passage?
A. Ventricular contracting injects roughly 70 mL of blood into a vascular system.
B. Blood pressure is typically taken in the brachial artery of the arm.
C. Blood pressure is commonly expressed as a ratio of the systolic pressure over
the diastolic pressure.
D. Loss of arterial wall elasticity is always caused by disease.
Answer: D. Loss of arterial wall elasticity is always caused by disease.
48. Which is the best summary of this passage?
A. The heart pumps roughly 70 mL of blood by rapidly contracting and extending
the chamber doors of the heart. Disease and age affect the pressure of blood on
arterial walls.
B. The brachial artery of the arm is usually used to take blood pressure, although
the pressure is different in different parts of the body.
C. The measurement of the ratio of systolic pressure over the diastolic pressure is
known as blood pressure.
D. The force that blood exerts on arterial walls is known as blood pressure and is
measured as a ratio of the systolic pressure or “high peak” over the diastolic
pressure or “low peak.”
Answer: D. The force that blood exerts on arterial walls is known as blood
pressure and is measured as a ratio of the systolic pressure or “high peak” over the
diastolic pressure or “low peak.”
MATH
1. Evaluate
Answer: 63
2. Evaluate
Answer: 40
3. Solve for x:
Answer: X=8
4. Solve for t:
Answer: t = -19
5. A newborn weighs 8 pounds 5 ounces. There are 453.59 grams per pound. What
is the infant’s weight in grams?
A. 2268 grams
B. 3629 grams
C. 3770 grams
D. 3856 grams
Answer: C. 3770 grams
6. What temperature in Fahrenheit is 50° Celsius? (Enter numeric value only. If
rounding is necessary, round to the nearest whole number.)
Answer: 122° F
7. A nurse works in a military hospital from 1300 to 2000. What time of day does
this nurse work?
A. Early morning to early afternoon
B. Lunch time to midnight
C. Early afternoon to bedtime
D. Midnight to sunrise
Answer: C. Early afternoon to bedtime
8. A nurse is reviewing the daily intake and output (I&O) of a patient consuming a
clear diet. The urinary drainage bag denotes a total of 1,000 mL for the past 24
hours. The total intake is:
2 8-oz cups of coffee
1 16-oz serving of clear soup
1 pint of water consumed throughout the day
How much is the deficit in milliliters? (Enter numeric value only. If rounding is
necessary, round to the nearest whole number.)
Answer: 440
9. A woman received a bottle of perfume as a present. The bottle contains ½ oz of
perfume. How many milliliters is this? (Enter numeric value only. If rounding is
necessary, round to the nearest whole number.)
Answer: 15
10. The metric system of measurement was developed in France during
Napoleon’s reign. It is based on what multiplication factor?
A. The length of Napoleon’s forearm
B. 2
C. 10
D. Atomic weight of helium
Answer: C. 10
11. Round to the nearest whole number: 4748 ÷ 12 =
A. 372
B. 384
C. 396
D. 412
Answer: C. 396
12. Report all decimal places: 3.7 + 7.289 + 4 =
A. 14.989
B. 5.226
C. 15.0
D. 15.07
Answer: A. 14.989
13. 4.934 + 7.1 + 9.08 =
A. 21.114
B. 21.042
C. 20.214
D. 59.13
Answer: A. 21.114
14. 27 – 3.54 =
A. 24.56
B. 23.46
C. 33.3
D. 24.54
Answer: B. 23.46
15. 28.19 – 9 =
A. 28.1
B. 18.19
C. 27.29
D. 19.19
Answer: D. 19.19
16. Karen goes to the grocery store with $40. She buys a carton of milk for $1.85,
a loaf of bread for $3.20, and a bunch of bananas for $3.05. How much money
does she have left?
A. $30.95
B. $31.90
C. $32.10
D. $34.95
Answer: B. $31.90
17. Round your answer to the tenths place: 0.088 × 277.9 =
A. 21.90
B. 2.5
C. 24.5
D. 24.46
Answer: C. 24.5
18. Round your answer to the hundredths place: 28 ÷ 0.6 =
A. 46.67
B. 0.021
C. 17.50
D. 16.8
Answer: A. 46.67
19. Roger’s car gets an average of 25 miles per gallon. If his gas tank holds 16
gallons, about how far can he drive on a full tank?
A. 41 miles
B. 100 miles
C. 320 miles
D. 400 miles
Answer: D. 400 miles
20. Express the answer in simplest form:
A. 1/2
B. 3/2
C. 5/8
D. 5/16
Answer: C. 5/8
21. Express the answer in simplest form:
A. 20/21
B. 4/10
C. 4/21
D. 2/5
Answer: A. 20/21
22. Ratio and proportion: 0.8 : 10 = x : 100
A. x = 0.8
B. x = 8
C. x = 80
D. x = 800
Answer: B. x = 8
23. Add: 9.98 + 0.065 =
A. 10.63
B. 10.045
C. 1.0063
D. 998.065
Answer: B. 10.045
24. Add: 6 + 12.55 + 5.022 =
A. 18.55
B. 23.572
C. 30.025
D. 16.475
Answer: B. 23.572
25. Add: 23.5 + 7.025 =
A. 30.525
B. 30.5
C. 30.025
D. 16.475
Answer: A. 30.525
26. Subtract: 32.21 − 4.68 =
A. 14.59
B. 27.53
C. 1.459
D. 31.742
Answer: B. 27.53
27. Subtract: 15.7 − 9.8 =
A. 6.1
B. 8.96
C. 5.9
D. 4.30
Answer: C. 5.9
28. Subtract: 10.012 − 0.120 =
A. 10
B. 9.012
C. 10.122
D. 9.892
Answer: D. 9.892
29. Multiply: (7.2)(0.34) =
A. 14.12
B. 0.234
C. 7.64
D. 2.448
Answer: D. 2.448
30. Multiply: (99)(0.56) =
A. 99.30
B. 99.56
C. 55.44
D. 199.54
Answer: C. 55.44
31. Multiply: (88)(7.08) =
A. 862.5
B. 88.040
C. 64.252
D. 623.04
Answer: D. 623.04
32. Multiply: 375 × 2.3 =
A. 862.5
B. 750
C. 225.75
D. 1125
Answer: A. 862.5
33. How many ounces are in 2 quarts?
A. 8 ounces
B. 16 ounces
C. 32 ounces
D. 64 ounces
Answer: D. 64 ounces
34. A shopper spends $75.64 at one store and $22.43 at the next store. The shopper
started out with $100.00. How much money does the shopper have left?
A. $1.93
B. $5.00
C. $0.72
D. $20.13
Answer: A. $1.93
35. Change the fraction to the simplest possible ratio: 8/14
A. 2:3
B. 4:7
C. 4:6
D. 3:5
Answer: B. 4:7
36. Two-thirds of the students in Mr. Garcia’s class are boys. If there are 27
students in the class, how many of them are girls?
A. 1
B. 9
C. 12
D. 20
Answer: B. 9
37. Solve for x:
3/2 = 24/x
A. 16
B. 12
C. 2
D. 22
Answer: A. 16
38. Solve for x:
7:42 = 4:x
A. 12
B. 48
C. 24
D. 16
Answer: C. 24
39. Change the decimal to a percent: 0.64 =
A. 0.64%
B. 64%
C. 6.4%
D. 0.064%
Answer: B. 64%
40. Change the decimal to a percent: 0.000026 =
A. 0.0026%
B. 0.026%
C. 2.6%
D. 26%
Answer: A. 0.0026%
41. Change the percent to a decimal: 38% =
A. 3.8
B. 0.038
C. 38.0
D. 0.38
Answer: D. 0.38
42. Change the percent to a decimal: 17.6% =
A. 17.6
B. 1.76
C. 0.176
D. 0.0176
Answer: C. 0.176
43. Change the percent to a decimal: 126% =
A. 126.0
B. 0.0126
C. 0.126
D. 1.26
Answer: D. 1.26
44. Round to the nearest whole number. Change the fraction to a percent: 2/9 =
A. 20%
B. 21%
C. 22%
D. 23%
Answer: C. 22%
45. Round to the nearest whole number. Change the fraction to a percent: 9/13 =
A. 33%
B. 69%
C. 72%
D. 78%
Answer: B. 69%
46. Round to the nearest whole number: What is 17 out of 68, as a percent?
A. 17%
B. 25%
C. 32%
D. 68%
Answer: B. 25%
47. Round to the nearest percentage point: Gerald made 13 out of the 22 shots he
took in the basketball game. What was his shooting percentage?
A. 13%
B. 22%
C. 59%
D. 67%
Answer: C. 59%
48. Round to the nearest whole number: What is 18% of 600?
A. 108
B. 76
C. 254
D. 176
Answer: A. 108
49. Round to the tenths place: What is 6.4% of 32?
A. 1.8
B. 2.1
C. 2.6
D. 2.0
Answer: D. 2.0
50. What is the numerical value of the Roman number XVII?
A. 22
B. 17
C. 48
D. 57
Answer: B. 17
VOCABULARY
1. What word meaning “once a year” fits best in the sentence? The
reunion picnic was held at the Jones farm instead of the county park.
A. regular
B. annual
C. biennial
D. holiday
Answer: B. annual
family
2. Docile is best defined as being _______.
A. defiant
B. disobedient
C. firm
D. compliant
Answer: D. compliant
3. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. Because the patient
had an occluded artery, the physician decided to perform cardiovascular surgery.
A. Obstructed
B. Open
C. Broken
D. Cloudy
Answer: A. Obstructed
4. Select the word that means “an undesired problem that is the result of some
other event.” The complication of the surgery caused the patient to remain in the
hospital to have an additional complement of testing procedures implemented.
A. Complication
B. Complement
C. Procedures
D. Implemented
Answer: A. Complication
5. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. The dog developed
bilateral weakness in its hindquarters, so the veterinarian created a wheeled cart to
help the dog walk.
A. Present on two sides
B. Available for exercise
C. Affecting the left side
D. Affecting the right side
Answer: A. Present on two sides
6. Select the correct definition of the underlined word. The doctor’s prognosis gave
the patient and his family reason to feel optimistic about the surgery.
A. Instructions
B. Estimate
C. Behavior
D. Outcome statement
Answer: D. Outcome statement
7. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. The child developed
a labile condition that worried the parents, so they brought the child to the doctor’s
office for a checkup.
A. Fevered
B. Volatile
C. Stomach
D. Vision
Answer: B. Volatile
8. The nurse noted in the chart, “The patient is lethargic.” How was the patient
behaving?
A. Pacing the halls, yelling at the staff
B. Difficult to arouse
C. Shaking uncontrollably
D. Not responding to painful stimuli
Answer: B. Difficult to arouse
9. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. The doctor made an
initial examination of the patient.
A. Complete
B. First
C. Incomplete
D. Discharge
Answer: B. First
10. Select the word or phrase that will identify the correct meaning of the
underlined word. Progeny is a term used to describe a person’s
A. creditors
B. offspring
C. hereditary disease
D. health status
Answer: B. offspring
11. What is the best description for the word distal?
A. The part of the heart that receives blood from the lungs
B. Urgent
C. The part of the body farthest from the injury
D. Empathetic
Answer: C. The part of the body farthest from the injury
12. Select the correct definition of the underlined word. The incidence of smoking
has decreased in recent years because of the effectiveness of advertising
campaigns.
A. Prestige
B. Glamour
C. Occurrence
D. Influence
Answer: C. Occurrence
13. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. When examined,
the laboring mother was at 50% dilation.
A. Blood pressure
B. Cervical opening
C. Birth process
D. Exhumation
Answer: B. Cervical opening
14. Which word is not spelled correctly in the context of this sentence? The nurse
went form room to room looking for the missing patient.
A. patient
B. form
C. nurse
D. missing
Answer: B. form
15. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. To alleviate his
pain, the nurse gave the patient a PRN medication.
A. Pinpoint
B. Relocate
C. Eradicate
D. Reduce
Answer: D. Reduce
16. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. Being bilingual is
an advantage for a nurse.
A. Able to speak more than one language
B. Able to use either hand with equal skill and ease
C. Not squeamish when seeing blood
D. Can remember everything that is read
Answer: A. Able to speak more than one language
17. What is the best description for the term fracture?
A. Break
B. Brake
C. Cut
D. Cure
Answer: A. Break
18. Which word is not spelled correctly in the context of the sentence? The
physician thought it was unecessary to explain the procedure.
A. physician
B. unecessary
C. explain
D. procedure
Answer: B. unecessary
19. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. Exogenous factors
will affect the patient’s well-being.
A. Produced outside the body
B. Produced within the body
C. Produced by the kidneys
D. Hereditary
Answer: A. Produced outside the body
20. To implement something is to .
A. prevent it from occurring
B. emphasize the importance of
C. cause it to happen
D. follow from beginning to end
Answer: C. cause it to happen
21. Posterior refers to which part of the body?
A. Topmost
B. Lowermost
C. Front
D. Back
Answer: D. Back
22. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. The precipitous
change was considered a good thing.
A. Difficult
B. Abrupt
C. Gentle
D. Unanticipated
Answer: B. Abrupt
23. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. His untoward
actions during the admission process created a problem for the nurse.
A. Violent
B. Casual
C. Unseemly
D. Capricious
Answer: C. Unseemly
24. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. It is important that
the bandage remain intact.
A. Dry
B. Whole
C. Uncovered
D. Secure
Answer: B. Whole
25. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. It is not wise to
skimp on personal hygiene.
A. Measures contributing to cleanliness and good health
B. Financial resources available through the employment department
C. Insurance
D. Friendliness
Answer: A. Measures contributing to cleanliness and good health
26. The patient fractured the lateral portion of the hip bone, which is known as the
.
A. ilium
B. ileum
C. icterus
D. ileus
Answer: A. ilium
27. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. The parameters of
medical ethics require the nurse to report instances of suspected child abuse.
A. Laws
B. Limits
C. Common sense
D. Structure
Answer: B. Limits
28. Select the correct order of words to fit in the sentence structure. The nursing
put the Band- ______ on the wound to
A. aid, aide, aide
B. aide, aid, aid
C. aid, aide, aid
the nurse.
D. aide, aid, aide
Answer: B. aide, aid, aid
29. A person who is ravenous is _____.
A. generous
B. outspoken
C. friendly
D. hungry
Answer: D. hungry
30. Select the meaning of the underlined word in this sentence: It is vital for the
victim of a serious accident to receive medical attention immediately.
A. recommended
B. discouraged
C. essential
D. sufficient
Answer: C. essential
31. What is the best description for the word insidious?
A. stealthy
B. deadly
C. collapsed
D. new
Answer: A. stealthy
32. Select the word that means “take into the body.”
A. congest
B. ingest
C. collect
D. suppress
Answer: B. ingest
33. What is the meaning of the word proscribe?
A. anticipate
B. prevent
C. defeat
D. forbid
Answer: D. forbid
34. Select the meaning of the underlined word in this sentence. Wracked by
abdominal pain, the victim of food poisoning moaned and rubbed his distended
belly.
A. concave
B. sore
C. swollen
D. empty
Answer: C. swollen
35. Select the meaning of the underlined word in this sentence: Despite the
absence of overt signs, Dr. Harris suspected that Alicia might be suffering from the
flu.
A. concealed
B. apparent
C. expert
D. delectable
Answer: B. apparent
36. Select the word that means “something added to resolve a deficiency or obtain
completion.” A. supplement
B. complement
C. detriment
D. acumen
Answer: A. supplement
37. Select the word that means “a violent seizure.”
A. revelation
B. nutrient
C. contraption
D. paroxysm
Answer: D. paroxysm
38. What is the meaning of carnivore?
A. hungry
B. meat eating
C. infected
D. demented
Answer: B. meat eating
39. What is the meaning of belligerent?
A. retired
B. sardonic
C. pugnacious
D. acclimated
Answer: C. pugnacious
40. Select the word that means “on both sides.”
A. bilateral
B. insufficient
C. bicuspid
D. congruent
Answer: A. bilateral
41. Select the meaning of the underlined word in this sentence: Dr. Grant ignored
Mary’s particular symptoms, instead administering a holistic treatment for her
condition.
A. insensitive
B. ignorant
C. specialized
D. concerned with the whole rather than the parts
Answer: D. concerned with the whole rather than the parts
42. What is the best description for the word suppress?
A. stop
B. push up
C. release
D. strain
Answer: A. stop
43. Select the word that means “about to happen.”
A. depending
B. offending
C. suspending
D. impending
Answer: D. impending
44. Select the meaning of the underlined word in this sentence: The dermatologist
was struck by the symmetric patterns of scarring on the patient’s back.
A. scabbed
B. painful to the touch
C. occurring in corresponding parts at the same time
D. geometric
Answer: C. occurring in corresponding parts at the same time
45. Select the word that means “open.”
A. inverted
B. patent
C. convent
D. converted
Answer: B. patent
46. Select the meaning of the underlined word in this sentence: Despite an increase
in the volume of his urine, the patient still reported bloating.
A. quality
B. length
C. quantity
D. loudness
Answer: C. quantity
47. What is the meaning of repugnant?
A. destructive
B. selective
C. collective
D. offensive
Answer: D. offensive
48. Select the word that means “enlarge.”
A. dilate
B. protrude
C. confuse
D. occlude
Answer: A. dilate
49. What is the best description for the word intact?
A. collapsed
B. disconnected
C. unbroken
D. free
Answer: C. unbroken
50. Select the word that means “the ability to enter, contact, or approach.”
A. ingress
B. excess
C. access
D. success
Answer: C. access
GRAMMAR
1. Select the word that makes this sentence grammatically correct:
Is the new student coming out to lunch with ______?
A. we
B. our
C. us
D. they
Answer: C. us
2. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct:
________ picking up groceries one of the things you are supposed to do?
A. Is
B. Am
C. Is it
D. Are
Answer: A. Is
3. Select the word that makes the following sentence grammatically correct.
These days, you can’t _________ learning how to use a computer.
A. not
B. evading
C. despite
D. avoid
Answer: D. avoid
4. Which word is not spelled correctly in the context of the following sentence?
The climate hear is inappropriate for snow sports such as skiing.
A. climate
B. hear
C. inappropriate
D. skiing
Answer: B. hear
5. Select the word or phrase that makes the following sentence grammatically
correct.
___________ screaming took the shopkeeper by surprise.
A. We
B. They
C. Them
D. Our
Answer: D. Our
6. Select the word or phrase that makes the following sentence grammatically
correct.
Why did we ________ try so hard?
A. has to
B. haven’t
C. had to
D. have to
Answer: D. have to
7. Select the word that makes the following sentence grammatically correct.
Tracey wore her hair in a French braid, ______ was the style at the time.
A. among
B. it
C. that
D. which
Answer: D. which
8. Select the phrase that makes the following sentence grammatically correct.
Working _______ the mission of the entire committee.
A. to peace is
B. toward peace was
C. to peace was
D. toward peace am
Answer: B. toward peace was
9. Select the phrase that makes the following sentence grammatically correct.
Janet called her _____ run after a squirrel.
A. dog, who had
B. dog that had
C. dog, that had
D. dog who had
Answer: A. dog, who had
10. Select the correct word for the blank in the following sentence. After
completing the intense surgery, Dr. Capra needed a long _____.
A. brake
B. break
C. brink
D. broke
Answer: B. break
11. Select the correct word for the blank in the following sentence. The other day,
Stan _________ reviewing his class notes in preparation for the final exam.
A. begins
B. begun
C. begin
D. began
Answer: D. began
12. Select the word that makes the following sentence grammatically correct.
She asked _______ to take her around the corner to the drugstore.
A. him
B. his
C. he
D. his’
Answer: A. him
13. Select the word or phrase that makes the following sentence grammatically
correct.
Felix was pleased ________ the progress he had made in his program.
A. among
B. with
C. regards
D. besides
Answer: B. with
14. Select the word or phrase that makes the following sentence grammatically
correct.
After waking up, Dean eyed the cheesecake _______.
A. hungry
B. hungriest
C. hungrily
D. more hungry
Answer: C. hungrily
15. Which word is not used correctly in the context of the following sentence?
After ringing up the nails, the cashier handed Nedra her recipe and change.
A. ringing
B. cashier
C. recipe
D. change
Answer: C. recipe
16. Select the correct word for the blank in the following sentence. Sharon felt
______ about how her speech had gone.
A. well
B. good
C. finely
D. happily
Answer: B. good
17. What word is used incorrectly in the following sentence? Brendan spent the
day lying a brick foundation on the site.
A. site
B. on
C. spent
D. lying
Answer: D. lying
18. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct:
Children _______ obey their parents tend to do better in school.
A. who
B. which
C. should
D. to
Answer: A. who
19. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct:
The development committee _______ a bargain with the city planners.
A. striked
B. stroke
C. struck
D. strike
Answer: C. struck
20. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct:
A child is not yet old enough to know what is healthy for ______.
A. him or her
B. them
C. it
D. she or he
Answer: A. him or her
21. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct:
Theo was in great shape; he ______ all the way back to the pier.
A. swam
B. swimmed
C. swum
D. swim
Answer: A. swam
22. Select the word that makes this sentence grammatically correct:
While he was an apprentice, Steve _____ a great deal of time in the studio.
A. spends
B. spent
C. spended
D. spend
Answer: B. spent
23. Select the word that correctly completes the following sentence.
The intern was surprised by the ________ of pain he was in after his first day of
work.
A. amount
B. frequency
C. number
D. amplitude
Answer: A. amount
24. What word is used incorrectly in the following sentence? Whoever wrote the
letter forgot to sign their name.
A. Whoever
B. wrote
C. their
D. name
Answer: C. their
25. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct:
The child’s fever was ______ high for him to lie comfortably in bed.
A. to
B. much
C. too
D. more
Answer: C. too
26. Select the word or phrase that makes the following sentence grammatically
correct.
Sometimes, the condition ______ with an unusual symptom—vertigo.
A. presence
B. presents
C. present
D. prescience
Answer: B. presents
27. Which word is not used correctly in the context of the following sentence?
There is no real distinction among the two treatment protocols recommended
online.
A. real
B. among
C. protocols
D. online
Answer: B. among
28. Select the best words for the blanks in the following sentence.
The patient wanted to _______ down on the bed, but first she had to ________ her
tray of food on the table.
A. lie, lay
B. lay, lie
C. lie, laid
D. lain, lying
Answer: A. lie, lay
29. Which word from the following sentence is a noun? The bird flew across the
blue sky.
A. across
B. flew
C. bird
D. blue
Answer: C. bird
30.Which word in the following sentence is a conjunction? The little girl wanted a
cookie, but she didn’t take one.
A. little
B. but
C. take
D. the
Answer: B. but
31. Which word in the following sentence is a direct object? The nurse helped the
patient with the medication.
A. helped
B. nurse
C. patient
D. medication
Answer: C. patient
32. Which word or phrase in the following sentence is a subject? The nurses went
to the conference room.
A. conference
B. went to
C. room
D. nurses
Answer: D. nurses
33. Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct?
A. Walking home from class, the students watched the snow begin to fall.
B. Walking home from class, the snow began falling on the students.
C. Walking home from class, snow fell on the students.
D. Walking home from class, the students watched the snow fell.
Answer: A. Walking home from class, the students watched the snow begin to fall.
34. Select the best word for the blank in the following sentence. The student sang
well, but she danced ______.
A. bad
B. badly
C. poor
D. poorer
Answer: B. badly
35.Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct?
A. I wanted ice cream; he wanted cake.
B. I wanted ice cream he wanted cake.
C. I wanted ice cream, he wanted cake.
D. I wanted ice cream but he wanted cake.
Answer: A. I wanted ice cream; he wanted cake.
36. Select the best word for the blank in the following sentence. The college
_______ he chose is in New York
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. what
Answer: B. that
37. Select the best word or words for the blank in the following sentence.
The nurses, except for Henry,
A. waits
B. is waiting
C. are waiting
D. was waiting
Answer: C. are waiting
38. Select the word or phrase in the sentence that is not used correctly.
The data confirms that the patient is suffering from extreme anxiety, and a
tranquilizing medication is immediately required.
A. extreme anxiety
B. confirms
C. is
D. immediately
Answer: B. confirms
39. Select the word or phrase that will make the sentence grammatically correct.
The professor had a huge _______ of tests to grade.
A. number
B. amount
C. aggregate
D. stacks
Answer: A. number
40.Which word is used incorrectly in the following sentence? Will you learn me
how to do origami?
A. me
B. will
C. learn
D. origami
Answer: C. learn
41. Select the correct word for the blank in the following sentence. The members
of the group
to be seated together.
A. wanting
B. want
C. wants
D. waiting
Answer: B. want
42. Select the correct word for the blank in the following sentence. The student
completed the test
A. quite
B. quick
C. quitely
D. quickly
Answer: D. quickly
.
43. Select the correct word(s) for the blank in the following sentence.
The student thought the second test was _______ than the first test.
A. harder
B. more hard
C. hardest
D. most hardest
Answer: A. harder
44. Select the correct word for the blank in the following sentence. The dog
wagged ______ tail when the food dish was filled.
A. the
B. one’s
C. its
D. it’s
Answer: C. its
45. What word is best to substitute for the underlined words in the following
sentence? The boy watched the lights in the house go off.
A. Him
B. His
C. They
D. He
Answer: D. He
46. Select the word or phrase that will make the sentence grammatically correct.
thought the movie was very good.
A. Us
B. We
C. Them
D. Ourselves
Answer: B. We
47. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct.
The hospital is located at the top ______ the hill.
A. of
B. off
C. in
D. on
Answer: A. of
48. Select the best word for the blank in the following sentence. He was _______
by her kind words.
A. affect
B. effect
C. effected
D. affected
Answer: D. affected
49. Which of the following sentences is grammatically incorrect?
A. He performed well on the test.
B. He performed good on the test.
C. He performed poorly on the test.
D. He performed adequately on the test.
Answer: B. He performed good on the test.
50. In the following sentence, which is the dependent clause?
We played a game while we waited, and then we had dinner.
A. We played
B. then we had dinner
C. while we waited
D. a game
Answer: C. while we waited
BIOLOGY
1. What is the typical result of mitosis in humans?
A. two diploid cells
B. two haploid cells
C. four diploid cells
D. four haploid cells
Answer: A. two diploid cells
2. How does water affect the temperature of a living thing?
A. Water increases temperature.
B. Water keeps temperature stable.
C. Water decreases temperature.
D. Water does not affect temperature.
Answer: B. Water keeps temperature stable.
3. Which of the following is not a product of the Krebs cycle?
A. carbon dioxide
B. oxygen
C. adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
D. energy carriers
Answer: B. oxygen
4. What kind of bond connects sugar and phosphate in DNA?
A. hydrogen
B. ionic
C. covalent
D. overt
Answer: C. covalent
5. What is the second part of an organism’s scientific name?
A. species
B. phylum
C. population
D. kingdom
Answer: A. species
6. How are lipids different than other organic molecules?
A. They are indivisible.
B. They are not water soluble.
C. They contain zinc.
D. They form long proteins.
Answer: B. They are not water soluble.
7. Which of the following is not found within a bacterial cell?
A. mitochondria
B. DNA
C. vesicles
D. ribosome
Answer: A. mitochondria
8. Which cell organelle functions to transport materials from the endoplasmic
reticulum throughout the cell?
A. Ribosome
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Lysosome
D. Vacuole
Answer: B. Golgi apparatus
9. Which of the following are the distinct organelles that produce cell energy?
A. Mitochondrion and chloroplast
B. Mitochondrion and nucleus
C. Chloroplast and nucleus
D. Chloroplast and lysosome
Answer: A. Mitochondrion and chloroplast
10. Which component of the cell contributes to the protection, communication, and
passage of substances into and out of the cell?
A. Nucleus
B. Cell membrane
C. Endoplasmic reticulum
D. Cytoplasm
Answer: B. Cell membrane
11. Which of the following is a protein?
A. cellulose
B. hemoglobin
C. estrogen
D. ATP
Answer: B. hemoglobin
12. Which of the following structures is not involved in translation?
A. tRNA
B. mRNA
C. ribosome
D. DNA
Answer: D. DNA
13. Which of the following is necessary for cell diffusion?
A. water
B. membrane
C. ATP
D. gradient
Answer: A. water
14. How many different types of nucleotides are there in DNA?
A. one
B. two
C. four
D. eight
Answer: C. four
15. Which of the following cell types has no nucleus?
A. platelet
B. red blood cell
C. white blood cell
D. phagocyte
Answer: B. red blood cell
16. Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland?
A. insulin
B. testosterone
C. melatonin
D. epinephrine
Answer: C. melatonin
17. What is the name of the organelle that organizes protein synthesis?
A. mitochondrion
B. nucleus
C. ribosome
D. vacuole
Answer: C. ribosome
18. During which phase is the chromosome number reduced from diploid to
haploid?
A. S phase
B. interphase
C. mitosis
D. meiosis I
Answer: D. meiosis I
19. A molecule of water is bonded with another molecule of water by what type of
bond?
A. Ionic
B. Covalent
C. Hydrogen
D. Molecular
Answer: C. Hydrogen
20. Which of the following is a benefit of the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of
water? (Select all that apply.)
A. Water has a relatively high specific heat value.
B. Water has strong cohesive and adhesive properties.
C. Polarity of water allows it to act as a versatile solvent.
D. Water moves from higher to lower concentrations.
Answer: A. Water has a relatively high specific heat value.
B. Water has strong cohesive and adhesive properties.
C. Polarity of water allows it to act as a versatile solvent.
21. Of all the molecules that are significant to biology, which of the following are
considered the most important?
A. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and nucleic acids
B. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and calcium
C. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and sulfur
D. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and iron
Answer: A. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and nucleic acids
22. The cell membrane consists of a bilayer of phospholipids with proteins,
cholesterol, and glycoproteins. This bilayer creates a hydrophobic region between
two layers of lipids, making it which of the following?
A. Impermeable
B. Permeable
C. Selectively permeable
D. Selectively impermeable
Answer: C. Selectively permeable
23. What are the two catabolic pathways that lead to cellular energy production?
A. Fermentation and internal respiration
B. Fermentation and external respiration
C. Fermentation and cellular respiration
D. Fermentation and anaerobic respiration
Answer: C. Fermentation and cellular respiration
24. What is the first step in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate?
A. Glycolysis
B. Krebs cycle
C. Electron transport chain
D. Aerobic respiration
Answer: A. Glycolysis
25. Lipids are better known as fats, but what are they specifically? (Select all that
apply.)
A. Fatty acids
B. Phospholipids
C. Ketones
D. Steroids
Answer: A. Fatty acids
B. Phospholipids
D. Steroids
26. Why is DNA important for metabolic activities of the cell?
A. It initiates cellular mitosis.
B. It provides cell wall stability.
C. It increases glucose absorption.
D. It controls the synthesis of enzymes.
Answer: D. It controls the synthesis of enzymes.
27. During protein synthesis, what process uses an RNA strand to produce a
complementary strand of DNA?
A. Transcription
B. Translation
C. Transfer synthesis
D. Codon synthesis
Answer: A. Transcription
28. What is the function of water in photosynthesis?
A. Combine with carbon dioxide
B. Absorb light energy
C. Supply electrons in the light reactions
D. Transport hydrogen ions in the dark reactions
Answer: C. Supply electrons in the light reactions
29. Cells reproduce by different processes, all of which fall into what two
categories?
A. Sexual reproduction and binary fission
B. Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction
C. Asexual reproduction and binary fission
D. Asexual reproduction and mitosis
Answer: B. Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction
30. Which of the following describes how a bacterium reproduces?
A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
C. Binary fission
D. Cytokinesis
Answer: C. Binary fission
HESI ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
1. Which hormone initiates the preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for
pregnancy?
A. FSH
B. Estrogen
C. LH
D. Progesterone
Answer: B. Estrogen
2. What is the name of the structure that prevents food from entering the airway?
A. trachea
B. esophagus
C. diaphragm
D. epiglottis
Answer: D. epiglottis
3. Which substance makes up the pads that provide support between the vertebrae?
A. bone
B. cartilage
C. tendon
D. fat
Answer: B. cartilage
4. How many different types of tissue are there in the human body?
A. four
B. six
C. eight
D. ten
Answer: A. four
5. A tissue examined under the microscope exhibits the following characteristics:
cells found on internal surface of stomach, no extracellular matrix, cells tall and
thin, no blood vessels in the tissue. What type of tissue is this?
A. Epithelial
B. Connective
C. Muscle
D. Cartilage
E. Nervous
Answer: A. Epithelial
6. Nerve tissue is composed of neurons and connective tissue cells that are referred
to as which of the following?
A. Osteoblasts
B. Neuroglia
C. Osteocytes
D. Arterioles
Answer: B. Neuroglia
7. What is the name of the outermost layer of skin?
A. dermis
B. epidermis
C. subcutaneous tissue
D. hypodermis
Answer: B. epidermis
8. Which hormone stimulates milk production in the breasts during lactation?
A. norepinephrine
B. antidiuretic hormone
C. prolactin
D. oxytocin
Answer: C. prolactin
9. Which of the following structures has the lowest blood pressure?
A. arteries
B. arteriole
C. venule
D. vein
Answer: D. vein
10. What are chemical messengers that control growth, differentiation, and the
metabolism of specific target cells called?
A. Hormones
B. Neurons
C. Glands
D. Second messengers
Answer: A. Hormones
11. How much air does an adult inhale in an average breath?
A. 500 mL
B. 750 mL
C. 1000 mL
D. 1250 mL
Answer: A. 500 mL
12. Which type of cell secretes antibodies?
A. bacterial cell
B. viral cell
C. lymph cell
D. plasma cells
Answer: D. plasma cells
13. Which force motivates filtration in the kidneys?
A. osmosis
B. smooth muscle contraction
C. peristalsis
D. blood pressure
Answer: D. blood pressure
14. Which of the following hormones decreases the concentration of blood
glucose?
A. insulin
B. glucagon
C. growth hormone
D. glucocorticoids
Answer: A. insulin
15. Which structure controls the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland?
A. hypothalamus
B. adrenal gland
C. testes
D. pancreas
Answer: A. hypothalamus
16. How much of a female’s blood volume is composed of red blood cells?
A. 10%
B. 25%
C. 40%
D. 70%
Answer: C. 40%
17. The stomach muscle churns and mixes food, turning the mass into a soupy
substance called which of the following?
A. Bolus
B. Bile
C. Chyme
D. Feces
Answer: C. Chyme
18. What is the function of aldosterone?
A. It converts proinsulin to insulin.
B. It conserves sodium in the body.
C. It protects against stress.
D. It affects heat production.
Answer: B. It conserves sodium in the body.
19. Which type of cholesterol is considered to be the best for health?
A. LDL
B. HDL
C. VLDL
D. VHDL
Answer: B. HDL
20. Which structure of the nervous system carries action potential in the direction
of a synapse?
A. cell body
B. axon
C. neuron
D. myelin
Answer: B. axon
21. Where is the parathyroid gland located?
A. neck
B. back
C. side
D. brain
Answer: A. neck
22. All the nutrients that enter the hepatic portal vein are routed where for
decontamination?
A. Kidney
B. Pancreas
C. Spleen
D. Liver
Answer: D. Liver
23. What is the name of the process in the lungs by which oxygen is transported
from the air to the blood?
A. osmosis
B. diffusion
C. dissipation
D. reverse osmosis
Answer: B. diffusion
24. Which of the following epithelial types is correctly matched with its major
function?
A. Simple squamous epithelium—secretion or absorption
B. Stratified squamous epithelium—changes shape when stretched
C. Stratified squamous epithelium—diffusion
D. Simple columnar epithelium—secretion or absorption
Answer: D. Simple columnar epithelium—secretion or absorption
25. Which of the following are tropic hormones? (Select all that apply.)
A. Somatotropin
B. Follicle-stimulating hormone
C. Antidiuretic hormone
D. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Answer: A. Somatotropin
B. Follicle-stimulating hormone
D. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
