CHAPTER 7 – Male Reproductive System The Language of Reproduction Chapter 7 Teaching Overview In the male reproductive system, it is necessary for students to understand the fundamental anatomy and physiology of the system and the function and pathologies of the prostate gland. Students must have a clear understanding of the formation and composition of semen versus sperm. Some common stumbling blocks in this body system are the formation and maturation of sperm with hormonal influences, and the various structures of the reproductive system and the substances they produce to contribute to the formation of semen. Further, glands and hormones play a major role in this system and should be emphasized. As with all lessons in this Lesson Planning Guide, you can and should modify them to best meet the needs of your students, your schedule, and your curricula. Teacher to Teacher: • Vasectomy can be a good example to explain the entire system. Explain why the procedure is done at a particular site and renders the male infertile, but still able to produce ejaculate fluid. • Meaningful diagrams are essential in this chapter. Since the material in the chapter is about “sex,” the students seem eager to learn. Chapter 7: Learning Outcomes Upon successful completion of the lessons in this chapter, your students will . . . 7.1 Identify and describe the structure and function of the organs of the male reproductive system and its accessory glands. 7.2 Relate the structure of the testes and their spermatic cords to their functions. 7.3 Describe the functions of testosterone. 7.4 Explain spermatogenesis and the anatomy of a sperm. 7.5 Discuss disorders of the testes. 7.6 Define the structure and functions of the spermatic ducts. 7.7 Relate the structures of the accessory glands to their functions. 7.8 Explain disorders of the prostate gland. 7.9 Discuss the causes and treatment of male infertility. 7.10 Relate the structure of the penis to its functions. 7.11 Describe disorders of the penis. 7.12 Explain diagnostic procedures used in disorders of the male reproductive system. 7.13 Discuss therapeutic procedures used in disorders of the male reproductive system. 7.14 Describe the medications used in disorders of the male reproductive system. 7.A Use medical terms pertaining to the male reproductive system to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting. 7.B Use medical terms pertaining to the male reproductive system to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting. 7.C Using word elements, construct medical terms associated with the male reproductive system. 7.D Deconstruct medical terms associated with the male reproductive system into their word elements. 7.E Identify health professionals involved in the care of patients with disorders of the male reproductive system. 7.F Use approved abbreviations for medical reproductive terms correctly. Note: These lessons are designed with ultimate flexibility in mind. When customizing the lessons for your own class, always choose activities that are most relevant to your curriculum, yours students, and your teaching goals—especially if you do not have time to implement all the provided activities into your class period. Lesson 7.1: Male Reproduction Total Time: 50 Minutes Lesson 7.1 Lesson Objectives: Your teaching objective for this lesson is to help your students accomplish these learning objectives: 7.1.1 Describe the anatomy and physiology of the primary and secondary male sex organs and their accessory glands. 7.1.2 Document the process of spermatogenesis. 7.1.3 List the functions of testosterone. 7.1.4 Discuss disorders of the testes. Prepare Your Materials: • Lesson 7.1 Questions Handout – Found on Page 7-5 of this Instructor Manual. • Lesson 7.1 PowerPoint® presentation – Found with the Instructor Resources that can be accessed through the “Library” tab on Connect, and then under “Instructor Resources.” • Lesson 7.1 Student Note-taking Handout – Create by selecting the “Handouts” option when printing the PowerPoint presentation; select 3 slides per page to print slides with blank lines to the right where students can take notes. • Dry erase board Instructor Lesson Plan Date: __________ Chapter 7—Lesson 7.1 TIME ACTIVITY & INSTRUCTIONS MATERIALS LESSON OBJECTIVES Warm-up & Introduction 15 min Activity Description: Introduction to the terminology of the male reproductive system. Step 1: Ask students to brainstorm a list of real medical terms that are used to describe any parts or areas of the body. Write their terms on the board. Step 2: It is unlikely that students will have offered any medical terms related to the male reproductive system. After they have generated a list of terms, tell them you now want them to come up with terms from the male reproductive system. Step 3: Once you have some terms related to the male reproductive system listed on the board, ask students why they did not initially come up with any of those terms although they are aware that we are about to begin studying medical terms from the male reproductive system. (Students may respond that they were uncomfortable hearing or saying these words out loud). Step 4: Address the issue of slang words that are sometimes used to discuss the male (and/or female) reproductive system. Ask students why it is important that they know and use the correct terms for the parts of the male (and female) reproductive system. Suggested responses: • Precision is crucial in health care. • Slang words can be demeaning and/or offensive to you and to the patient—they are not professional. Step 5: Synthesize all the points made during this discussion and transition to the lecture/discussion portion of the lesson. Dry erase board 7.1.1 Lecture 20 min Lesson 7.1 Lecture/Discussion Reference the Speaker Notes for each slide to assist you in discussing the talking points. You can view or print “Notes Pages” to use during the lecture for easy reference (in PowerPoint, select “View,” then “Notes Page”). Lesson 7.1 PowerPoint Presentation 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.1.4 Active Learning & Practice 15 min Step 1: Have students work in small groups or in pairs to write at least 5 review questions from Lesson 7.1 material on a sheet of paper. You may want to divide up the content and assign portions to each group so the entire lesson is covered. Step 2: Instruct students to write the answers to their questions on a separate sheet of paper and save it so they can grade the other groups’ responses to their questions later. Step 3: Have groups exchange questions. Each group should answer the questions of another group on a separate sheet of paper. Step 4: Continue exchanging question lists until all students or groups have had a chance to answer all other groups’ questions on separate sheets of paper. Step 5: Groups will grade the rest of the groups’ responses to their questions. When all groups’ question responses have been graded, they should be passed back so each group can see how they did on the other group’s questions. Lesson 7.1 Questions Handout 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.1.4 Review 5 min Step 1: Go through Lesson 7.1 exercises as a group; explain or clarify anything that is difficult for students. Step 2: Reinforce correct pronunciation of each term as students read the questions and answers to the exercises out loud. Textbook, Lesson 7.1 exercises 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.1.4 Homework Assignment 5 min • Students read Lesson 7.2 in the textbook and complete Lesson 7.2 exercises. • Ask students to bring articles or other resources on diseases and/or disorders of the male reproductive system to the next class. 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.1.4 Lesson 7.1 Masters • Lesson 7.1 Questions Handout found on Page 7-5 Questions Handout: Chapter 7, Lesson 7.1 Medical Language for Modern Health Care: Lesson 7.1 – Male Reproduction Directions: Write questions that will help your fellow students practice the medical terms covered in Lesson 7.1. The types of questions to be written are listed below. Record your answers to these questions on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Multiple Choice – Write a question on the line below, and then write four options from which to choose when answering it. One of the four options should be correct and the other three should not. Question: A. ________________________________________ B. ________________________________________ C. ________________________________________ D. ________________________________________ 2. True or False – Write a statement concerning a medical term below. The person answering the question will circle “True” or “False” to answer the question. Question: A. True B. False 3. Fill in the Blank – Write a sentence containing the term, but leave the term out so the person answering the question must fill it in. Sentence: 4. Deconstruct Word Elements – Write a medical term on the line below. Those answering this question will be expected to break the term down into its elements—prefix, root, combining form, and suffix. Term: __________________________________________________________________ 5. Free Choice – Design your own type of question. Think of a creative way to test people’s understanding of the spelling, pronunciation, meaning, or use of one or more medical terms. Use the space here to construct your question or activity. Question/Activity: _____________________________________________________________ Lesson 7.2: Spermatic Ducts and Accessory Glands Total Time: 50 Minutes Lesson 7.2 Lesson Objectives: Your teaching objective for this lesson is to help your students accomplish these learning objectives: 7.2.1 Trace the pathway taken by a sperm cell from a testis to its ejaculation. 7.2.2 Identify the structure and functions of the prostate and other male accessory glands. 7.2.3 Describe the origins, composition, and functions of semen. 7.2.4 Discuss disorders of the prostate gland. 7.2.5 Identify the causes of male infertility. Prepare Your Materials: • Lesson 7.1 Review Crossword Puzzle – Create using terms from Lesson 7.1 (a quick search on the Internet will yield many sites at which you can type in your own terms and definitions and have a crossword puzzle generated automatically) • Articles concerning diseases and disorders of the male reproductive system – To be brought in by students as per the Lesson 7.1 homework assignment. • Lesson 7.2 PowerPoint® presentation – Found with the Instructor Resources that can be accessed through the “Library” tab on Connect, and then under “Instructor Resources.” • Lesson 7.2 Student Note-taking Handout – Create by selecting the “Handouts” option when printing the PowerPoint presentation; select 3 slides per page to print slides with blank lines to the right where students can take notes. • Examples of printed patient education materials – Check to see if area physicians or medical facilities will provide a few of these that you can show to students. • Smart device with internet access - computer, tablet, cell phone. Instructor Lesson Plan Date: __________ Chapter 7—Lesson 7.2 TIME ACTIVITY & INSTRUCTIONS MATERIALS LESSON OBJECTIVES z Warm-up & Review 10 min Step 1: Distribute Lesson 7.1 Review Crossword Puzzle to students. Step 2: Have students work on the crossword puzzle individually or in pairs. Step 3: When students are finished, go over the correct answers to ensure understanding. Lesson 7.1 Review Crossword Puzzle (Review Lesson 7.1 concepts) Introduction 5 min Activity Description: Examine the articles concerning diseases and disorders of the male reproductive system that were to be brought in by students (from Lesson 7.1 homework assignment.) Step 1: Ask students to share with the class the examples they were able to find in magazines, newspapers, or via the Internet. Step 2: Highlight any diseases and/or disorders that relate to the prostate gland since this will be discussed in today’s lesson. Articles and pictures of disorders of the male reproductive system (to be brought in by students as per Lesson 7.1 homework assignment) 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 7.2.5 Lecture 20 min Lesson 7.2 Lecture/Discussion Reference the Speaker Notes for each slide to assist you in discussing the talking points. You can view or print “Notes Pages” to use during the lecture for easy reference (in PowerPoint, select “View,” then “Notes Page”). Lesson 7.2 PowerPoint Presentation 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 7.2.5 Active Learning & Practice 10 min Activity Description: Students will create patient education handouts on various disorders of the prostate gland. Step 1: Explain to students that part of the job of health professionals is patient education. Step 2: Ask students if they have ever seen pamphlets, brochures, handouts, or articles in their physician’s office. Ask them to describe the types of information they have seen, and where they often see it (many times it is in a display on a table or in a pocket-type shelf on the wall; it is sometimes handed out by members of the health care team or available online if the practice has a website.) Smart device with internet access (computer, tablet, cell phone) 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 7.2.5 Step 3: Allow students to examine some examples of printed patient education materials. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is a good source for downloadable patient education materials (http://www.nih.gov). Ask students to identify their characteristics (e.g., they have a title, they are brief, they use bullets, they include artwork, etc.) Step 4: Put students into groups and assign each group a disorder of the prostate gland and an audience (e.g., caregivers of seniors, adult patients, etc.) Step 5: Instruct students to create a patient education handout designed to inform the specified audience about the specified disorder. The materials must be user-friendly and use language appropriate to their audience. Review 5 min Step 1: Have each group present its patient education handout to the rest of the class. Step 2: Discuss each group’s use of the terminology related to accuracy, pronunciation, and precision. Also discuss whether the handout is appropriate for the intended audience. 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 7.2.5 Homework Assignment • Students read Lesson 7.3 in the textbook and complete Lesson 7.3 exercises. • Complete Lesson 7.2 exercises in the textbook. 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 7.2.5 Lesson 7.2 Masters • (none) Lesson 7.3: The Penis and Its Disorders Total Time: 50 Minutes Lesson 7.3 Lesson Objectives: Your teaching objective for this lesson is to help your students accomplish these learning objectives: 7.3.1 Describe the structure and functions of the penis. 7.3.2 Summarize the processes and functions of erection and ejaculation. 7.3.3 Describe common disorders of the penis, prepuce, and urethra. Prepare Your Materials: • Lesson 7.3 PowerPoint® presentation – Found with the Instructor Resources that can be accessed through the “Library” tab on Connect, and then under “Instructor Resources.” • Lesson 7.3 Student Note-taking Handout – Create by selecting the “Handouts” option when printing the PowerPoint presentation; select 3 slides per page to print slides with blank lines to the right where students can take notes. • Smart device with internet access – computer or tablet. Instructor Lesson Plan Date: __________ Chapter 7—Lesson 7.3 TIME ACTIVITY & INSTRUCTIONS MATERIALS LESSON OBJECTIVES Warm-up & Review 10 min Activity Description: Review of Lessons 7.1 and 7.2. Step 1: Ask students to answer a 10 to 15 question quiz from Lessons 7.1 and 7.2. This can be done in a round robin manner or students can answer and submit the quiz questions for a grade. Step 2: Go over the correct answers to the quiz. Explain or reteach any concepts or terms that cause confusion for students. Make up a 10 to 15 question quiz (questions are derived from Lessons 7.1 and 7.2) (Review Lessons 7.1 and 7.2 concepts) Introduction 5 min Step 1: Recall with students some of the articles on diseases and disorders they brought into class for Lesson 7.2. Step 2: Ask students to reiterate some of the diseases and disorders that dealt specifically with the penis and prepuce (introduce the term prepuce if it has not already been introduced.) Step 3: Make connections between the disease and disorder articles relating to the penis and prepuce and the lecture/discussion for today’s lesson. 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 Lecture 20 min Lesson 7.3 Lecture/Discussion Reference the Speaker Notes for each slide to assist you in discussing the talking points. You can view or print “Notes Pages” to use during the lecture for easy reference (in PowerPoint, select “View,” then “Notes Page”). Lesson 7.3 PowerPoint Presentation 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 Active Learning & Practice 10 min Activity Description: Students will create a crossword puzzle using the terms in this lesson. Step 1: Break students into groups of 3 to 5. Step 2: Give each group a list of 7-8 terms from the Word Analysis and Definition Tables in Lesson 7.3. Step 3: Instruct each group to define the 7-8 terms they have been given in their own words. Tell students that the definitions must be clear enough so that someone working on the crossword puzzle would know what term is being defined. Step 4: Once each group has defined its terms, they should create a crossword puzzle using their terms. Note: This can be done quickly and easily with one of the many free “crossword compiling” tools found on the Internet. You may choose to have students complete this part of the activity outside of class. Step 5: Ask each group of students to compose a crossword puzzle using their terms. Ask the student with a smart device to print the crossword puzzle the group created and bring it to the next class. Step 6: Students must email the completed puzzle to the instructor BEFORE the next class, so the instructor can make photocopies to distribute. Step 7: Walk around the room and check the crossword puzzle and the students’ lists of 7-8 definitions and check them for accuracy. Later on: Photocopy the emailed crossword puzzles created by the students and distribute to the rest of the class to use for review or practice. Make sure students do not get their own puzzle back to complete. Smart device with internet access (computer or tablet) 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 Review 5 min Step 1: Allow students to work in pairs to complete Lesson 7.2 textbook exercises. Step 2: When students are finished, go over the answers to the exercises. Reinforce correct pronunciation while going over the answers. Textbook, Lesson 7.2 exercises 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 7.2.5 Homework Assignment • Complete Lesson 7.3 exercises • Students read Lesson 7.4 and complete Lesson 7.4 exercises 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 Lesson 7.3 Masters • (none) Lesson 7.4: Procedures and Pharmacology Total Time: 50 Minutes Lesson 7.4 Lesson Objectives: Your teaching objective for this lesson is to help your students accomplish these learning objectives: 7.4.1 Identify diagnostic procedures used in disorders of the urinary system. 7.4.2 Describe therapeutic procedures used in disorders of the urinary system. 7.4.3 Discuss the pharmacology of drugs used in the treatment of disorders of the urinary system. Prepare Your Materials: • Lesson 7.4 PowerPoint® presentation – Found with the Instructor Resources that can be accessed through the “Library” tab on Connect, and then under “Instructor Resources.” • Lesson 7.4 Student Note-taking Handout – Create by selecting the “Handouts” option when printing the PowerPoint presentation; select 3 slides per page to print slides with blank lines to the right where students can take notes. • Smart device with internet access - computer, tablet, cell phone. TIME ACTIVITY & INSTRUCTIONS MATERIALS LESSON OBJECTIVES Warm-up & Review 10 min Activity Description: Step 1: Review Lesson 7.3 exercises in a round robin manner. Step 2: Correct any incorrect answers or mispronunciation of medical terms. Textbook, Lesson 7.3 exercises 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 Introduction 5 min Ask students about any diagnostic testing related to the male reproductive system that they may have heard of (grandfather with enlarged prostate; couple with infertility issues; vasectomy; Lance Armstrong’s testicular cancer). Ask students about medications used to treat ED that they have seen advertised on TV (Cialis, Viagra). Lecture 20 min Lesson 7.4 Lecture/Discussion Reference the Speaker Notes for each slide to assist you in discussing the talking points. You can view or print “Notes Pages” to use during the lecture for easy reference (in PowerPoint, select “View,” then “Notes Page”). Lesson 7.4 PowerPoint Presentation 7.4.1 7.4.2 7.4.3 Active Learning & Practice 10 min Step 1: Place students in four (4) groups. Step 2: Ask each group to research pharmacologic agents related to the male reproductive system on their smart device: 1. drugs to treat ED and BPH 2. alpha-blockers 3. 5-alpha reductase inhibitors 4. drugs used to treat prostate cancer Step 3: Ask each group to report the following information to classmates: 1. names of the drugs in each category 2.how the medications work 3.side effects of the medications 4.patient education related to the medication. Step 4: Clarify mispronunciation of terms. Smart device with Internet access (computer, tablet, cell phone) Review 5 min Step 1: Allow students to work in pairs to complete Lesson 7.4 exercises. Step 2: When students are finished, go over the answers to the exercises. Reinforce correct pronunciation while going over the answers. Textbook, Lesson 7.4 exercises 7.4.1 7.4.2 7.4.3 Homework Assignment • Complete all Chapter 7 Review exercises. • Review all the Word Analysis and Definition (WAD)Tables from Chapter 7. Textbook. Chapter 7 Review exercises 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.1.4 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 7.2.5 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 7.4.1 7.4.2 7.4.3 End of Chapter Answer Exercises Page 187 A. Ans 1: testicle Ans 2: testes Ans 3: testicle Ans 4: testicular Exercises Page 189 A. Ans 1: testo Ans 2: -sterone Ans 3: mei Ans 4: -osis Ans 5: vagin Ans 6: -alis B. Ans 1: testosterone Ans 2: vaginalis Ans 3: meiosis Ans 4: androgen Exercises Page 191 A. Ans 1: epi/didym/itis Ans 2: chorio/carcin/oma Ans 3: hydro/cele Ans 4: semin/oma Ans 5: orch/itis Ans 6: varico/cele Exercises Page 193 A. Ans 1: epididymis Ans 2: ampulla Ans 3: urologist Ans 4: DRE Ans 5: net Exercises Page 195 A. Ans 1: A: an enzyme that liquefies semen Ans 2: B: on each side of the membranous urethra Ans 3: D: chemical Ans 4: E: A and B only (A: testicles, epididymis; B:accessory glands) Ans 5: C: below the bladder and anterior to the rectum Ans 6: B: prosta- Ans 7: C: fructose Ans 8: C: citric acid Ans 9: C: antigen Ans 10: E: seminal fluid Exercises Page 197 A. Ans 1: B: testicle Ans 2: C: deficient Ans 3: B: plas Ans 4: B: formation B. Ans 1: A: an acute bacterial infection with fever, chills, frequency, dysuria, and hematuria Ans 2: B: a chronic bacterial infection with less severe symptoms Ans 3: C: chronic nonbacterial prostatitis with urinary symptoms, but no bacteria can be detected Exercises Page 199 A. Ans 1: A: acorn Ans 2: C: body Ans 3: D: foreskin Ans 4: E: ointment Ans 5: B: small bridle Exercises Page 201 A. Ans 1: F: wound Ans 2: D: primary lesion of syphilis Ans 3: E: soft, round tumor of skin caused by a virus Ans 4: A: warty growth on external genitalia Ans 5: C: inability to achieve an erection Ans 6: B: transmitted, as an infection spread from one person to another by direct contact Exercises Page 203 A. Ans 1: cry/o/surgery Ans 2: re/sect/ion Ans 3: vas/ectomy Ans 4: orchi/o/pexy Ans 5: digit/al Ans 6: ab/lat/ion Ans 7: e/nucle/ation Ans 8: brachy/therapy Chapter 7 Review A. Ans 1: C: accessory glands Ans 2: C: vas (ductus) deferens Ans 3: E: penis Ans 4: B: urethra Ans 5: E: scrotum B. Ans 1: C: hormones Ans 2: D: external genitalia Ans 3: E: testes Ans 4: A: perineum Ans 5: B: raphe C. Ans 1: B: testosterone Ans 2: A: spermatic cord Ans 3: B: spermatids Ans 4: C: 23 Ans 5: E: E. spermatozoa D. Ans 1: epididymoorchitis Ans 2: anorchism Ans 3: orchiectomy Ans 4: orchiopexy Ans 5: orchitis Ans 6: cryptorchism E. Ans 1: vasectomy Ans 2: nocturia Ans 3: phimosis Ans 4: prostatectomy Ans 5: cryptorchism F. Ans 1: A: BPH Ans 2: A: STD Ans 3: C: diagnostic procedure G. Ans 1: n/a Ans 2: n/a Ans 3: phim Ans 4: muzzle Ans 5: -osis Ans 6: condition Ans 7: condition in which the prepuce cannot be retracted Ans 8: hyper- Ans 9: excessive Ans 10: plas Ans 11: molding, formation Ans 12: -ia Ans 13: condition Ans 14: increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ Ans 15: epi- Ans 16: above Ans 17: didym Ans 18: testis Ans 19: -is Ans 20: belonging to Ans 21: coiled tube attached to the testis Ans 22: n/a Ans 23: n/a Ans 24: terat Ans 25: monster, malformed fetus Ans 26: -oma Ans 27: tumor, mass Ans 28: neoplasm of a testis or ovary containing multiple tissues from other sites in the body Ans 29: n/a Ans 30: n/a Ans 31: cavern Ans 32: cave Ans 33: -osa Ans 34: like Ans 35: resembling a cave H. Ans 1: hydrocele Ans 2: benign prostatic hyperplasia Ans 3: Peyronie Ans 4: epispadias Ans 5: varicocele Ans 6: hypospadias Ans 7: balanitis Ans 8: phimosis Ans 9: epididymitis I. Ans 1: A: 3 Ans 2: B: 6 Ans 3: C: 1 Ans 4: D: 2 Ans 5: E: 5 Ans 6: F: 4 Ans 7: G: 7 J. Ans 1: testicular torsion Ans 2: No Ans 3: orchiopexy Instructor Manual for Medical Language for Modern Health Care David M. Allan, Rachel C. Basco 9780077820725, 9781260084931
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