Chapter 14 Elements of Chemistry
14.1 Chemistry: The Central Science
1) What do members of the Chemical Manufacturers Association pledge in the Responsible Care
program?
A) The members pledge to manufacture utilizing responsible chemical standards.
B) The members pledge to manufacture without causing environmental damage.
C) The members pledge responsible care for all laboratory test animals.
D) The members pledge responsible care by using only USP grade reagents.
Answer: B
2) Is chemistry the study of the submicroscopic, the microscopic, or the macroscopic, or all
three?
A) Submicroscopic because it deals with atoms and molecules, which can't be seen with a
microscope.
B) Microscopic because it pertains to the formation of crystals.
C) Macroscopic because it deals with powders, liquids, and gases that fill beakers and flasks.
D) All of the above because most everything is made of atoms and molecules.
Answer: D
3) Of the three sciences, physics, chemistry, and biology, the most complex is
A) physics because it involves many mathematical equations.
B) chemistry because there are so many possible combinations of atoms.
C) biology because it is based upon both the laws of chemistry and physics.
D) All three of these sciences are equally complex.
Answer: C
4) Which of the following would be considered applied research?
A) determining the lightest and strongest metal to be used for an airplane wing
B) testing the strength of a piece of metal
C) determining the melting temperature of a metal
D) examining how susceptible a metal is to bending
E) determining how readily a metal corrodes in a wet environment
Answer: A
5) An example of basic research is
A) the development of new plastics that can be recycled.
B) the study of the relationship between the amount of automobile emissions gases in the
atmosphere and the decomposition of atmospheric ozone.
C) the study of the composition of the atom.
D) the design of new batteries for electric cars.
E) the study of natural compounds in sea animals to look for new molecules that can be used for
medicine.
Answer: C
6) Which of the following would be considered basic research?
A) examining why a mouse likes cheddar cheese more than swiss cheese
B) studying ways of catching mice safely
C) testing the strength of a mouse cage
D) examining how quickly a trapdoor closes
E) testing a safe, nontoxic mouse glue
Answer: A
7) Which of the following would not be considered matter?
A) light
B) trees
C) air
D) clouds
E) rain
Answer: A
8) Which of the following can be classified as matter?
A) water
B) sand
C) perfume
D) ice cream
E) all of the above
Answer: E
9) Chemistry is the study of ________.
A) matter
B) transformations of matter
C) only microscopic phenomena
D) only macroscopic phenomena
E) both A and B
Answer: E
14.2 The Submicroscopic World
1) A TV screen looked at from a distance appears as a smooth continuous flow of images. Up
close, however, we see this is an illusion. What really exists are a series of tiny dots (pixels).
This is similar to a chemist's view of matter in that
A) the fundamental particles of matter can also be seen when looked at closely with a
magnifying glass.
B) on the submicroscopic level, chemist's find that matter is made of extremely small particles,
such as atoms and molecules.
C) anything that a chemist can see, touch, hear, smell, or taste is an illusion.
D) elements are made up of only three basic types of matter.
Answer: B
2) How would you describe the volume of the following object?
the amount of water in a swimming pool
A) microscopic
B) macroscopic
C) submicroscopic
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: B
3) How would you describe the size of the following object?
a blood cell
A) microscopic
B) macroscopic
C) submicroscopic
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: A
4) A TV screen looked at from a distance appears as a smooth continuous flow of images. Up
close, however, we see this is an illusion. What really exists are a series of tiny dots (pixels).
This is similar to a chemist's view of matter in that
A) the fundamental particles of matter can also be seen when looked at closely with a
magnifying glass.
B) on the submicroscopic level, chemist's find that matter is made of extremely small particles,
such as atoms and molecules.
C) anything that a chemist can see, touch, hear, smell, or taste is an illusion.
D) elements are made up of only three basic types of matter.
Answer: B
14.3 Physical and Chemical Properties
1) The following image describes which type of change?
A) a physical change
B) a chemical change
C) an elemental change
D) a change in reactivity
E) no change
Answer: A
2) The following image describes what type of change?
A) a chemical change
B) a physical change
C) a change in state
D) no change
E) an elemental change
Answer: A
3) Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?
A) gasoline being used in the engine of a car producing exhaust
B) water freezing into ice crystals
C) aftershave or perfume on your skin generating a smell
D) a piece of metal expanding when heated, but returning to original size when cooled
E) breaking a glass window
Answer: A
4) Which of the following is an example of a physical change?
A) water boiling and being converted into steam
B) water being electrolyzed and being converted in hydrogen and oxygen
C) iron metal reacting with oxygen to form rust
D) a candy bar being digested by a student
E) charcoal being converted into ash
Answer: A
5) Which of the following would not be considered a chemical property?
A) the temperature at which a liquid will boil
B) light sensitivity
C) whether a metal will rust or not
D) whether a material will dissolve in acid or not
E) the tendency of a material to explode
Answer: A
6) Which of the following would be considered a chemical property?
A) reactivity towards water
B) melting temperature
C) boiling temperature
D) conductivity
E) flexibility
Answer: A
7) Which of the following would not be considered a physical property?
A) temperature at which a material catches on fire
B) color
C) conductivity
D) hardness
E) temperature at which a material melts
Answer: A
8) Which of the following would be considered a physical property?
A) density
B) flammability
C) corrosion resistance
D) reactivity towards acid
E) oxygen sensitivity
Answer: A
14.4 Determining Physical and Chemical Changes
1) Water and ethanol can be separated by heating the ethanol until it boils away from the water.
What type of change is this?
A) a physical change
B) a chemical change
C) a molecular change
D) a decomposition
E) none of the above
Answer: A
2) The boiling point of methanol is 65°C and the boiling point of ethanol is 78°C. Which of the
following statements is true?
A) At 70°C you would have methanol gas and liquid ethanol.
B) At 90°C you would have methanol and ethanol as solids.
C) At 50°C you would have methanol and ethanol as gases.
D) At 40°C the methanol reacts with the ethanol.
E) none of the above
Answer: A
3) A sample of iron weighs more after it rusts because
A) it has expanded into a greater volume.
B) rust contains twice as many iron atoms.
C) of the additional oxygen it contains.
D) Wrong. Iron actually weighs less after it rusts.
Answer: C
4) Is aging primarily an example of a physical or chemical change?
A) Aging is an example of a physical change since it involves our physical bodies getting older
each day.
B) Aging is an example of a chemical change involving the chemical reformation of our
biomolecules.
C) Aging cannot be classified as either a physical or chemical change.
D) None of the above is true.
Answer: B
5) Oxygen, O2, is certainly good for you. Does it follow that if small amounts of oxygen are
good for you then large amounts of oxygen would be especially good for you?
A) Yes. This is the reason patients are given pure (100%) oxygen during medical procedures.
B) Yes. Increased oxygenation of the bloodstream is good for you and can increase your life
span.
C) No. Breathing 100% oxygen for extended periods of time can be damaging to the body.
D) No. Large amounts of oxygen will absorb hydrogen from the body and increase the amount of
water in the body causing an imbalance in electrolytes.
Answer: C
6) What chemical change occurs when a wax candle burns?
A) The wax near the flame melts.
B) The molten wax is pulled upwards through the wick.
C) The wax within the wick is heated to about 600°C.
D) The heated wax molecules combine with oxygen molecules.
Answer: D
7) Based on the information given in the following diagrams, which substance has the lower
boiling point: one made from molecule A or one made from molecule B?
A) molecule A because it is the first to transform into a liquid
B) molecule B because it is first to transform into a liquid
C) molecule A because it remains in the gaseous phase
D) molecule B because it remains in the gaseous phase
Answer: A
8) Is the following transformation representative of a physical change or a chemical change?
A) chemical change because of the formation of elements
B) physical change because a new material has been formed
C) chemical change because the atoms are connected differently
D) physical change because of a change in phase
Answer: C
9) Classify the following changes as physical or chemical. Wood burns to ashes; water begins to
boil; grass grows; a rock is crushed to powder.
A) chemical; physical; chemical; chemical
B) chemical; physical; physical; physical
C) physical; physical; chemical; physical
D) chemical; physical; chemical; physical
Answer: D
10) Each night you measure your height just before going to bed. When you arise each morning,
you measure your height again and consistently find that you are 1 inch taller than you were the
night before but only as tall as you were 24 hours ago! Is what happens to your body in this
instance best described as a physical change or a chemical change?
A) chemical change because it involves your body
B) physical change because it readily reverses
C) chemical change because it involves changes in your bone structure
D) physical change because water expands as it freezes
Answer: B
11) In the winter Vermonters make a tasty treat called "sugar on snow" in which they pour
boiled-down maple syrup onto a scoop of clean fresh snow. As the syrup hits the snow it forms a
delicious taffy. Which of the following changes are involved in the making of sugar on snow?
A) Boiling down the maple syrup involves the evaporation of water.
B) The syrup warms the snow causing it to melt while the syrup becomes more viscous.
C) As the maple syrup is boiled the sugar within the syrup begins to caramelize, which is an
example of a chemical change.
D) All of the above changes are involved in the making of sugar on snow.
Answer: D
12) A skillet is lined with a thin layer of cooking oil followed by a layer of unpopped popcorn
kernels. Upon heating the kernels all pop thereby escaping the skillet. Which of the following
physical and/or chemical changes occurred?
A) The water within each kernel is heated to the point that it would turn into water vapor as the
kernels popped (physical change).
B) The starches within the kernels are cooked by the high temperatures (chemical change).
C) Both A and B occur.
D) Physical and chemical changes cannot occur without a real chemical reaction taking place.
Answer: C
13) The element silicon has a melting point of 1,410°C and a boiling point of 2,355°C. It is a
weak conductor of electricity, its density is 2.3 grams per cubic centimeter and it easily forms
silicon dioxide when exposed to air. Which of the following is a chemical property of silicon?
A) its ability to conduct electricity
B) its density
C) its melting point
D) its ability to react with oxygen
E) C and D
Answer: D
14) Which of the following is not a chemical change?
A) a rock being crushed to powder
B) grass growing
C) grape juice turning into wine
D) a loaf of bread growing mold
E) wood burning to ash
Answer: A
14.5 Elements to Compounds
1) Which of the following boxes represents a compound?
A) only A
B) only B
C) only C
D) both A and C
Answer: C
2) If you eat metallic sodium or inhale chlorine gas, you stand a strong chance of dying. Let
these two elements react with each other, however, and you can safely sprinkle the compound on
your popcorn for better taste. What is going on?
A) After these two elements react they lose the potential energy to cause harm.
B) All elements are inherently dangerous
C) Sodium and chlorine from the elemental form is more concentrated than the sodium and
chlorine we get from sodium chloride.
D) Sodium chloride has nothing in common with sodium and chlorine.
Answer: D
3) Oxygen atoms are used to make water molecules. Does this mean that oxygen, O2, and water,
H2O, have similar properties?
A) Yes, and this explains how fish are able to breathe water.
B) Yes, but that their properties are similar is only a coincidence.
C) No, but their similar properties are only a coincidence.
D) No, compounds are uniquely different from the elements from which they're made.
Answer: D
4) If you have one molecule of TiO2, how many molecules of O2 does it contain?
A) None, O2 is a different molecule than TiO2.
B) One, TiO2 is a mixture of Ti and O2.
C) Two, TiO2 is a mixture of Ti and 2 O.
D) Three, TiO2 contains three molecules.
E) none of the above
Answer: A
5) If you have two molecules of TiO2, how many oxygen atoms would you have?
A) 4
B) 2
C) 3
D) 6
E) none
Answer: A
6) How many different elements are in the compound C6H12O6?
A) 3
B) 6
C) 24
D) All of the elements are the same.
Answer: A
7) How many atoms of Oxygen (O) are in H3OClO4
A) 5
B) 2
C) 3
D) 7
E) 1
Answer: A
8) How many atoms are in one molecule of Na2SO4?
A) 7
B) 2
C) 4
D) 3
E) 24
Answer: A
9) Which statement best describes a compound?
A) a material that is made up of a combination of atoms bonded together
B) a mixture of more than one element
C) a mixture of atoms
D) a material that is made up of a single type of atom
E) none of the above
Answer: A
14.6 Naming Compounds
1) The systematic names for water, ammonia, and methane are dihydrogen monoxide, H 2O;
trihydrogen nitride, NH3; and tetrahydrogen carbide, CH4. Why do most people, including
chemists, prefer to use the common names for these compounds?
A) The common names are shorter and easier to pronounce.
B) These compounds are encountered frequently.
C) The common names are more widely known.
D) all of the above
Answer: D
2) What is the name of the following compound?
SF3
A) sulfur trifluoride
B) sulfur fluoride
C) trifluorosulphide
D) fluorine sulphide
E) none of the above
Answer: A
3) What is the name of the following compound?
CO2
A) carbon dioxide
B) dicobalt
C) dioxocarbon
D) calcium oxide
E) calcium dioxide
Answer: A
4) What is the name of the following compound?
CaCl2
A) calcium chloride
B) carbon chloride
C) dichlorocalcium
D) calc two
E) dicalcium chloride
Answer: A
5) What is the name of the following compound?
NaF
A) sodium fluoride
B) natural fosfate
C) natrium fluoride
D) nitrogen afleck
E) sodium phosphide
Answer: A
Test Bank for Conceptual Physical Science
Paul Hewitt, John Suchocki, Leslie Hewitt
9780321752932, 9780134060491
