This Document Contains Chapters 13 to 14 CHAPTER 13: THE INFORMATIVE SPEECH Multiple Choice Questions 1) According to your text, an informative speech should tell listeners something they A) have forgotten. B) already know. C) did not know before. D) like to hear old or new. Answer: C 2) When deciding on the amount of information to present in an informative speech, a speaker should A) cover as much information as possible within the time limit, so the audience does not get bored. B) strive for depth of information rather than breadth. C) develop at least five main points to ensure there is something in the speech that will be of interest to most everyone in the audience. D) use amplification sparingly to ensure enough time to cover main points. Answer: B 3) Which of the following is true concerning the level of complexity for informative speeches? A) It is nearly impossible to simplify a speech too much regardless of the audience. B) Complex presentations are preferable to simple presentations to ensure audience interest. C) Beginning speakers often make their presentations too simple and bore their audiences. D) The level of complexity should be adjusted depending on factors such as context and audience’s knowledge of the topic. Answer: D 4) Which of the following is a guideline for using numerical data? A) Use numbers whenever possible. B) Avoid the use of graphs and charts. C) Currency is not important. D) Make the numbers easy to remember. Answer: D 5) Which of the following is a guideline for creating an effective informative speech? A) Share as much information as you can in the time you have. B) Including more complex information is preferable to making the information too simple. C) Relate new information to old. D) Speakers who have an expertise in a subject need not worry about making the topic relevant to their audiences. Answer: C 6) Direct your audience’s attention to your most important points by A) using guide phrases. B) giving them a lot of material at once. C) making the material as complex as possible. D) varying the pattern of organization as much as possible. Answer: A 7) What is the term for a form of supporting material consisting of experts’ opinions or witnesses accounts? A) testimony B) illustration C) narrative D) model Answer: A 8) Which statement best describes the difference between examples and narratives? A) Narratives are considerably longer than examples. B) Narratives are fictional; examples are factual. C) Examples are more appropriate as supporting material for informative speeches than narratives are. D) Examples and narratives are interchangeable in informative speeches. Answer: A 9) In his speech on the need to expand the local animal shelter, Sheldon quotes the local animal center’s director as stating, “If we do not secure funding to expand the shelter, we will be unable to take in the additional number of animals that need shelter.” Sheldon is using which type of support material? A) an example B) testimony C) numerical data D) a definition Answer: B 10) Which of the following illustrates the best use of testimony for a speech on civic engagement? A) Benjamin Barber, a leading civil society scholar, suggests most Americans perceive themselves more as consumers than citizens. B) My roommate said he thought he would be more engaged in politics, if he didn’t work so much. C) John Cameron, director of many blockbuster movies, thinks Americans are more engaged than most people think. D) I heard somewhere that people on the East coast, like around Washington, D.C., are really interested in politics. Answer: A 11) If your speech focused on the events of September 11, you would most likely give a speech of A) definition. B) demonstration. C) special occasion. D) description. Answer: D 12) Which of the following topics would be most appropriate for a speech of definition? A) the meaning of new-age rap music B) the geographical layout of Yosemite National Park C) how to make salsa D) the contributions of a famous politician Answer: A 13) Which of the following topics would be most appropriate for a speech of demonstration? A) the concept of rhetoric B) how to use a potter’s wheel C) how the human circulatory system works D) What is a born-again Christian? Answer: B 14) Which type of informative speech shows the audience how something is done or how to operate something? A) definition B) temporal C) description D) demonstration Answer: D 15) Which of the following is NOT a guideline for effective presentation aid use? A) Know your presentation aid intimately. B) Integrate your presentation aid into the speech seamlessly. C) Avoid talking to your presentation aids. D) Don’t rehearse your speech with your presentation aid to risk ruining the spontaneity. Answer: D 16) The use of a model as a presentation aid is especially helpful when explaining A) trends. B) complex structures. C) the growth of something. D) currents. Answer: B 17) Which of the following is one of the guidelines listed in the text for using presentation aids? A) Pretest the presentation aids. B) Look at the presentation aids rather than your audience. C) Keep the aids visible to the audience even after you have finished using them. D) Save the aids for the actual presentation, not rehearsal. Answer: A 18) If you want to encourage your audience to take notes, the best medium for your presentation aid is A) a chart board. B) a flip chart. C) slides. D) handouts. Answer: D True/False Questions 1) There is no limit to the amount of information that a listener can take in at any one time. Answer: False 2) People learn information more easily and retain it longer when it is related in some way to what they already know. Answer: True 3) When presenting an informative speech, always use technical language regardless of the audience. Answer: False 4) One way to make an informative speech easy to remember for an audience is to make sure they understand the pattern of organization you are using. Answer: True 5) Examples, illustrations, and narratives may be factual or imaginary. Answer: True 6) If you define the term “inflation” by citing the definition of a noted economist, you are defining by linguistic development. Answer: False 7) One pitfall of using a whiteboard is that you can lose your audience through lack of eye contact. Answer: True 8) An appropriate specific purpose statement for a speech on the concept of postmodernism would be “about postmodernism.” Answer: False 9) If you cite a definition available in a dictionary, you have presented an operational definition. Answer: False Completion Questions 1) In a speech on the benefits of learning another language, Adda related a story of how being able to speak Spanish on a trip to Mexico made it easier to get around and find certain places. This supporting material constitutes a(n) ____________. Answer: narrative 2) When you quote an expert in a speech, you are using the form of supporting material known as ____________. Answer: testimony 3) Providing a list of the materials that went into building a monument constitutes a definition by ____________. Answer: operations 4) Supporting material that summarizes the characteristics of a complex set of numbers is referred to as ____________. Answer: numerical data 5) If possible, rehearse with the ____________ you’ll have available on the day you’re speaking. Answer: actual equipment 6) Presentation aids are ____________ or ____________ means for clarifying ideas. Answer: visual; auditory 7) ____________ are used to explain complex material and to provide listeners with a permanent record of some aspect of your speech. Answer: Handouts 8) The book describes three types of informative speeches: speeches of demonstration, speeches of ____________, and speeches of definition. Answer: description 9) Eliana gave her informative speech on how to set a formal dinner table. Eliana’s speech is a speech of ____________. Answer: demonstration Matching Sequence Match the topic with the type of informative speech it exemplifies.
1) structure of a C-130 airplane A) speech of description
2) different interpretations of sexual harassment B) speech of demonstration
3) how to make a memory book C) speech of definition
Answers: 1. A; 2. C; 3. B CHAPTER 14: THE PERSUASIVE SPEECH Multiple Choice Questions 1) Persuasion is best defined as the process of A) influencing another person’s attitudes, beliefs, values, and/or behaviors. B) changing people’s minds. C) getting an audience to believe what you believe. D) convincing people to do something they’ve never done before. Answer: A 2) Cameron’s speech aims at getting his audience to vote in the upcoming election. Which goal of persuasive speeches best fits Cameron’s topic? A) strengthen attitudes, beliefs, or values B) weaken attitudes, beliefs, or values C) change attitudes, beliefs, or values D) motivate the audience to action Answer: D 3) The principle of selective exposure suggests that listeners A) actively seek out information that supports their existing opinions, beliefs, values, decisions, and behaviors. B) actively seek information that others do not have about them. C) always look for information that negates their preconceived notions of others. D) sometimes look for information that agrees with their negative perceptions of others. Answer: A 4) Which of the following is a guideline for persuasive speaking? A) Focus on your speech, not your audience. B) Avoid asking for change. C) Always use a long-term orientation. D) Anticipate selective exposure. Answer: D 5) Your persuasive speeches are most effective when you A) ask for small changes in beliefs, attitudes, values, or behavior. B) ask for large changes in beliefs, attitudes, values, or behavior to ensure some movement. C) focus on your assertions rather than presenting supporting evidence. D) state your position early in your presentation, particularly if you know the audience may be predisposed to disagree with it. Answer: A 6) When dealing with a collectivist culture, stress A) family, loyalty, and national pride. B) immediate gratification. C) independence and uniqueness. D) nonconformity. Answer: A 7) Using logical appeals in persuasive speaking A) is tricky because most people don’t think logically. B) generally leads to more permanent commitment to your position and resistance to counterarguments. C) is not as important as arguing from emotional appeals because emotional appeals are more immediate and relevant. D) is only useful if the audience is well-educated and predisposed to accept your position. Answer: B 8) In his persuasive speech on eliminating the general education requirements at State U., Barry argues, “I’ve already taken two of the required fifteen courses, and believe me they were a waste of time.” Barry’s use of reasoning from specific instances to a generalization is A) valid because he is using his own experience. B) invalid because he didn’t state what classes he took. C) valid because it is something his audience can relate to. D) invalid because the number of specific instances isn’t large enough or diverse enough. Answer: D 9) In his speech advocating a smoking ban on campus, Reginald stated, “Last month I distributed over 500 surveys to students asking if they favored a campus-wide smoking ban, and 395 indicated that they did. It is clear that the student body at State U. favors a smoking ban.” Reginald has used reasoning from A) analogy. B) causes and effects. C) sign. D) specific instances and generalizations. Answer: D 10) If you argue that smoking in public places should be banned because cancer can result from breathing secondhand smoke, which type of reasoning are you using? A) sign B) credibility C) causes and effects D) specific instances and generalizations Answer: C 11) In her persuasive speech aimed at convincing her audience that global warming is a serious problem, Tere presents information on changing weather patterns, ice cap depletions, and changes in arctic flow. Tere’s use of reasoning is an example of reasoning from A) credibility. B) causes and effects. C) sign. D) specific instances and generalizations. Answer: C 12) In her speech announcing her candidacy for president of the Student Government Association, Meagan states, “We need to build a better sense of community on campus by making the student center a place where students want to come to meet friends, share meals, and just talk. I have a plan to make that happen.” Meagan is using an emotional appeal to her audience’s ____________ needs. A) physiological B) safety C) belonging and love D) self-actualization Answer: C 13) In his speech announcing his candidacy for mayor, Hugh states, “Crime is a problem in our city. We need a better system of locking up the career criminals and patrolling our streets, and I have a plan to do just that.” Hugh has used an emotional appeal to his audience’s ____________ needs. A) physiological B) safety C) belonging and love D) self-actualization Answer: B 14) Credibility refers most closely to what we call A) empathic ability. B) effectiveness. C) persuasiveness. D) believability. Answer: D 15) In her speech advocating volunteering, Clarissa remarked, “By volunteering you get a chance to become more than a spectator in your city; you gain a sense of community spirit and start to see yourself as part of a community of neighbors and friends.” Clarissa has made a motivational appeal based primarily on the need for A) belonging. B) self-esteem. C) self-actualization. D) safety. Answer: A 16) To demonstrate character in a speech, stress A) fairness. B) concern for today’s values. C) knowledge of the subject matter. D) how different you are from your audience. Answer: A 17) When you express a positive attitude, convey dynamism and assertiveness, and are enthusiastic, you are demonstrating A) character. B) competence. C) credibility. D) charisma. Answer: D 18) If Bonnie’s thesis for her persuasive speech is “Capital punishment deters crime,” we can assume she is addressing a question of A) fact. B) value. C) policy. D) proposition. Answer: A 19) If the thesis for Horace’s persuasive speech is “Capital punishment is inhumane” we can assume he is addressing a question of A) fact. B) value. C) policy. D) proposition. Answer: B 20) If the thesis for Celia’s persuasive speech is “Capital punishment should be eliminated,” we can assume she is addressing a question of A) fact. B) value. C) policy. D) proposition. Answer: C True/False Questions 1) Persuasive speakers may set their goals to weaken the audience’s existing attitudes, beliefs, or values. Answer: True 2) If for her persuasive speech Lonnie sets her goal as getting her audience to register to vote, we can assume she is seeking to strengthen her audience’s beliefs about voting. Answer: False 3) In preparing a persuasive presentation, it is important to remember that generally listeners will actively avoid information that contradicts their existing attitudes, beliefs, and values. Answer: True 4) If you use reasoning from specific instances to generalizations as a logical appeal in a persuasive speech, it is important to consider the number of specific instances you are using. Answer: True 5) In regard to supporting material for persuasive speeches, logical appeals tend to have the most lasting effect. Answer: True 6) According to your text, appealing to an audience’s self-actualization needs is the most common and effective emotional appeal a persuasive speaker can use. Answer: False 7) The selective exposure principle holds that listeners will seek out information that does not agree with their existing opinions, beliefs and values. Answer: False 8) Credibility appeals are needed only if your audience is NOT aware of your knowledge and expertise. Answer: False 9) Perceptions of what constitutes the credibility of speakers tend to be similar across cultures. Answer: False 10) Questions of fact concern what is true or not true. Answer: True Completion Questions 1) ____________ is the process of ____________ another person’s attitudes, beliefs, values, and/or behaviors. Answer: Persuasion; influencing 2) Listeners actively seek information that supports their opinions, attitudes, beliefs, values, and behaviors, and conversely, they avoid information that contradicts their existing opinions, attitudes, beliefs, values, and behaviors. This statement best supports the principle of ____________. Answer: selective exposure 3) The greater and more important the change you want to produce in your audience, the ____________ difficult your task will be. Answer: more 4) Persuasive speeches serve three major goals: 1. to strengthen or weaken attitudes, beliefs, or values; 2. to change attitudes, beliefs, or values; and 3. ____________. Answer: to motivate to action 5) The three general types of supporting material used in persuasion are ____________ appeals, ____________ appeals, and ____________ appeals. Answer: logical; emotional; credibility 6) Bobby and Billy have been working together for a month. Bobby observes that Billy overeats, is regularly tired, and has extreme thirst. Bobby concludes that Billy has hyperthyroidism since these are symptoms that frequently accompany this condition. This case illustrates logical reasoning from ____________. Answer: sign 7) Maslow’s hierarchy of needs includes five levels: 1. physiological, 2. ____________, 3. belonging and love , 4. ____________, 5. self-actualization. Answer: safety; self-esteem 8) Credibility appeals focus on demonstrating the qualities of competence, character, and ____________. Answer: charisma 9) Persuasive speeches on questions of fact lend themselves most clearly to ____________ organization. Answer: topical 10) Persuasive speeches that urge an audience to do something about an issue address questions of ____________. Answer: policy Matching Sequence Match the specific type of appeal with the statement that exemplifies it.
1) appeal to causes and effects reasoning A) If you want to be successful, you have to look successful. QWE Department Store has everything you need to feel confident for that first big job interview.
2) appeal to reasoning from specific instances and generalizations B) When neighbours organize crime watches, reported property crimes in the community decrease.
3) appeal to self-esteem needs C) According to a recent nationwide survey that included over a thousand respondents, most Americans forget to turn off their cell phones when they go to the movies.
Answers: 1. B; 2. C; 3. A Test Bank for Essentials of Human Communication Joseph A. DeVito 9780205940882, 9780134890388, 9780134877426, 9780134202457
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