This Document Contains Chapters 12 to 14 Chapter 12 Management Support Systems Reviews and Discussions 1. What are three features or capabilities of a DSS? Answer: What-if analysis, goal seeking, and sensitivity analysis. 2. What are the differences between a managerial and a technical designer of a DSS? Answer: A managerial designer defines the management issues in designing and using a DSS. These issues do not involve the technological aspects of the system; they are related to management’s goals and needs. The technical designer focuses on how the DSS is implemented and usually addresses questions about data storage, file structure, user access, response time, and security measures. 3. What is an executive information system (EIS)? Answer: Executive information systems (EISs), branches of DSSs, are interactive information systems that give executives easy access to internal and external data and typically include “drill-down” features and a digital dashboard for examining and analyzing information. 4. What are two reasons for the failure of an EIS? Answer: • The corporate culture is not ready, there is organizational resistance to the project, or the project is viewed as unimportant. • Management loses interest or is not committed to the project. 5. What are four capabilities of Google Apps for Work? Answer: • For communication, it offers Gmail, Hangouts (for voice and video call), Calendar, and Google+ (a social network for business). • For storing, sharing, and synchronizing documents and collaboration contents, Drive may be used. • For collaboration, it offers Docs (word processing), Sheets (spreadsheet ), Forms (surveys and questionnaires), Slides (presentation), and Sites (Web sites). For management, Admin and Vault are used. Admin enables adding users, deleting users, managing devices, and configuring security and privacy settings. Vault is also used to manage, store, search, and export the content of the collaboration session. 6. What are three examples of new generation of electronic meeting systems? Answer: • Microsoft’s Skype • Apple’s FaceTime • Tango Video Calls 7. How and why GISs are used in real estate industry? Answer: Finding properties that meet buyers’ preferences and price ranges, using a combination of census data, multiple listing files, mortgage information, and buyer profiles. GISs also help establish selling prices for homes by surveying an entire city to identify comparable neighborhoods and average sales prices. GISs can be used for appraisal purposes to determine relationships between national, regional, and local economic trends and the demand for local real estate. 8. What are four recommendations for designing a successful MSS? Answer:• Support from the top—Without a full commitment from top management, the system’s chances of success are low. • Objectives and benefits clearly defined—Costs are always in dollars, but benefits are qualitative. The design team should spend time identifying all costs and benefits in order to present a convincing case to top management. When benefits are intangible, such as improving customer service, the design team should associate the benefit with a measurable factor, such as increased sales. • Identifying executives’ information needs—Examine the decision-making process that executives use to find out what kinds of decisions they are making— structured, semistructured, or unstructured—and what kind of information they need to make these decisions. • Keeping lines of communication open—This is important to ensure that key decision makers are involved in designing the MSS. Projects 1. After reading the information presented in this chapter and other sources, write a two-page paper that compares and contrasts Microsoft Live Meeting and IBM FileNet as two leading e-collaboration software applications. Which one would you recommend to a company with over 200 employees scattered through four offices in California? What are the bases of your recommendation? Mention one more product that competes with these two. Answer: Answers will vary. Microsoft Live Meeting vs. IBM FileNet: 1. Purpose: • Microsoft Live Meeting: Focuses on online meetings, webinars, and real-time collaboration. • IBM FileNet: Primarily a content management system for storing, managing, and sharing documents. 2. Features: • Live Meeting: Offers video conferencing, screen sharing, and chat, ideal for virtual meetings and real-time discussions. • FileNet: Provides advanced document management, workflow automation, and secure file sharing, suitable for complex document processing. 3. Use Case: • Live Meeting: Best for teams needing frequent video conferencing and interactive sessions. • FileNet: Best for organizations requiring robust document management and compliance features. Recommendation: • For a company with 200+ employees across four California offices, Microsoft Live Meeting is recommended due to its strong video conferencing capabilities, which enhance communication across dispersed teams. Competing Product: • Zoom: A leading competitor, known for its user-friendly interface, high-quality video conferencing, and collaboration tools. 2. After reading the information presented in this chapter and other sources, write a two-page paper that compares and contrasts Microsoft Office SharePoint Server and IBM Domino. Which one would you recommend to the company mentioned in Project 1? What are the bases of your recommendation? Mention one more product that competes with these two. Answer: Answers will vary. Microsoft Office SharePoint Server vs. IBM Domino: 1. Purpose: • Microsoft Office SharePoint Server (MOSS): A platform for collaboration, document management, and enterprise content management, often used for intranet portals, team sites, and document sharing. • IBM Domino: A platform primarily for email, calendaring, and collaborative applications. It integrates email, workflow, and applications, supporting both communication and content management. 2. Features: • SharePoint: Offers extensive tools for document management, collaboration, workflows, and integration with Microsoft Office products. It's known for ease of use, scalability, and strong integration with Microsoft tools. • Domino: Features include email management, calendaring, collaboration, and database management. It's strong in workflow management and custom applications, but its user interface and integration with non-IBM systems may be less intuitive than SharePoint. 3. Use Case: • SharePoint: Ideal for companies needing a centralized platform for document sharing, content management, and collaboration across teams. • Domino: Best suited for organizations relying heavily on email, calendar systems, and workflow automation, particularly those with a history of using IBM products. Recommendation: • For a company with over 200 employees across four offices, Microsoft Office SharePoint Server is recommended due to its comprehensive collaboration and document management features, scalability, and better integration with Microsoft products commonly used in business environments. Competing Product: • Google Workspace: A strong competitor, offering cloud-based tools for collaboration, document sharing, and communication, with seamless integration and ease of access. 3. After reading the information presented in this chapter and other sources, write a one-page paper that describes five key applications of GISs in the insurance industry. How can these applications help the bottom line? What are three applications of GISs in the city that you live? Answer: Answers will vary. Key GIS Applications in the Insurance Industry: 1. Risk Assessment: GIS helps insurers assess risk by mapping areas prone to natural disasters. 2. Claims Management: GIS tracks and analyzes claims data for more accurate loss assessments. 3. Fraud Detection: Identifying patterns in claims locations and types can highlight fraudulent activities. 4. Market Analysis: GIS maps customer demographics and locations to optimize marketing and sales. 5. Underwriting: GIS assists in evaluating property risks and setting appropriate premiums. These applications improve decision-making, reduce losses, and optimize resource allocation, helping the bottom line. GIS Applications in My City: 1. Urban planning and zoning. 2. Traffic management and route optimization. 3. Environmental monitoring and disaster preparedness. 4. Esri (www.esri.com/products) is one of the major providers of GIS software. What are two examples of Location Analytics software? What types of businesses will benefit the most from this type of GIS? What are some of the features of Esri Maps for Office? Answer: Answers will vary. Two Examples of Location Analytics Software: 1. Esri Business Analyst: Provides demographic and market data analysis to help businesses optimize locations. 2. Google Maps Platform: Offers geospatial analytics and location-based insights for businesses. Types of Businesses That Benefit: • Retailers, real estate companies, and logistics firms benefit most from location analytics to improve site selection, optimize supply chains, and enhance customer targeting. Features of Esri Maps for Office: • Integrates GIS capabilities with Microsoft Office tools (Excel, PowerPoint, etc.). • Allows users to create interactive maps from spreadsheet data. • Provides spatial analysis and visualization to support business decisions. 5. Google Apps for Work is a leading platform for remote collaboration. After reading the information presented in this chapter and other sources, write a two-page paper that identifies five key features of this platform. What are two other platforms that closely compete with this platform. Which platform do you recommend to the company mentioned in Project 1? What are the bases of your recommendation? Answer: Answers will vary. Key Features of Google Apps for Work: 1. Gmail: A powerful, cloud-based email service with robust storage and security features. 2. Google Drive: Cloud storage for file sharing and collaboration in real time. 3. Google Docs, Sheets, and Slides: Collaborative tools for creating, editing, and sharing documents, spreadsheets, and presentations. 4. Google Meet: Video conferencing tool for remote communication and team meetings. 5. Google Calendar: Integrated scheduling and time management tool for team coordination and appointments. Competing Platforms: 1. Microsoft 365: Offers cloud-based productivity tools, including Outlook, OneDrive, Word, and Excel, with strong integration for enterprise environments. 2. Slack: Focuses on team communication, file sharing, and integrations with other tools, particularly in collaborative environments. Recommendation: For the company in Project 1, I recommend Google Apps for Work due to its seamless cloud-based collaboration, ease of use, and strong integration across devices. The company would benefit from Google’s real-time collaboration and storage capabilities, which are well-suited for dispersed teams. 6. SAS Business Intelligence (https://www.sas.com/en_us/software/business-intelligence.html) and Datawatch (www.datawatch.com) are among the popular packages used to design an EIS. After reading the information presented in this chapter and other sources, write a two-page paper that identifies four key features of each package. What types of businesses will benefit the most from these packages? Answer: Answers will vary. Key Features of SAS Business Intelligence: 1. Data Visualization: Provides interactive dashboards and reports to simplify data analysis. 2. Advanced Analytics: Includes predictive analytics and statistical modeling to enhance decision-making. 3. Data Integration: Integrates data from multiple sources for comprehensive analysis. 4. Collaboration Tools: Enables teams to share insights and collaborate in real-time. Key Features of Datawatch: 1. Data Preparation: Advanced tools for cleaning, blending, and transforming data from various sources. 2. Real-Time Analytics: Allows users to analyze live data streams and make instant decisions. 3. Data Visualization: Offers intuitive visualizations for easy exploration and understanding of data. 4. Reporting and Automation: Automates report generation and distribution for efficiency. Types of Businesses That Will Benefit: • SAS Business Intelligence: Best suited for large organizations in finance, healthcare, and retail that require advanced analytics and predictive capabilities for strategic decision-making. • Datawatch: Ideal for businesses needing real-time data analysis, such as manufacturing, logistics, and financial services, where quick decision-making is crucial. Are You Ready to Move On? 1. Unstructured decisions are typically one-time decisions, with no standard operating procedure pertaining to them. True or False? Answer: True 2. A digital dashboard integrates information from multiple sources and presents it in a unified, understandable format, often as charts and graphs. True or False? Answer: True 3. An EIS captures, stores, processes, and displays geographic information or information in a geographic context, such as showing the location of all city streetlights on a map. True or False? Answer: False 4. All of the following are examples of geographic objects in a GIS environment except: a. GSS b. Areas c. Lines d. Points Answer: A 5. All of the following are examples of new generations of electronic meeting systems except: a. Microsoft’s Skype b. Apple’s FaceTime c. Zoom.us d. Microsoft’s SharePoint Answer: D 6. One of the following is not among the capabilities of a typical groupware: a. Audio and video conferencing b. Business analytics c. Database access d. Online chat Answer: B Case Study 12-1 1. What does ORION stand for? Answer: On-Road Integrated Optimization and Navigation 2. What are three advantages of using ORION at UPS? Answer: Fuel saving, less driving, and less damage to the environment. 3. What are three main components of ORION? Answer: More than 250 million address data points, online map data, and an optimization algorithm. Case Study 12-2 1. What are the three main components of Camden’s Real Time Tactical Information Center? Answer: The system combines gunshot-spotting cameras, in-cruiser GPS technology, and analytics to provide real-time information for the police force. 2. By what percentages have the three major crimes been reduced? Answer: With the help of the system, violent and non-violent crimes have been reduced 30 and 38 percent, respectively, and aggravated assaults with a firearm are down 61 percent. 3. How is the system able to reduce 911 response time from 9 minutes nationally to 90 seconds in Camden? Answer: The system has eliminated police dispatchers by automatically sending the two nearest police officers to the crime scene; their police cars are GPS-tracked. 4. What is the role of 120 cameras located around the city? Answer: The system also includes 120 cameras located around the city that send updated information every 1.5 seconds to patrol car computer screens. This information enables officers to see where emergencies are happening at any given time. Chapter 13 Intelligent Information Systems Reviews and Discussions 1. Define artificial intelligence (AI). Answer: Artificial intelligence (AI) consists of related technologies that try to simulate and reproduce human thought behavior, including thinking, speaking, feeling, and reasoning. AI technologies apply computers to areas that require knowledge, perception, reasoning, understanding, and cognitive abilities. 2. What are two features of the robot named Cozmo? Answer: Cozmo, recognizes faces, plays games, and expresses a range of emotions. When it recognizes a new person, Cozmo is social and polite. When it is ignored, it gets unhappy or plays on its own. It gets frustrated when it loses a game and celebrates when it wins one. 3. What is the function of an inference engine in an expert system? Answer: An inference engine is similar to the model base component of a decision support system. By using different techniques, such as forward and backward chaining, it manipulates a series of rules. 4. What is one major difference between expert systems and case-based reasoning systems? Answer: An expert systems mimic human expertise in a particular field to solve a problem in a well-defined area. A case-based reasoning (CBR) system is a problem-solving technique that matches a new case (problem) with a previously solved case and its solution, both stored in a database. After searching for a match, the CBR system offers a solution; if no match is found, even after supplying more information, the human expert must solve the problem. So an expert system uses rules and a case-based reasoning system uses examples or cases in order to solve a problem. 5. What are two capabilities of Google's Home as an intelligent assistant? Answer: Google's Home is an intelligent assistant powered by the Google's Assistant that allows conversation and answers questions. A user can ask it to do things such as playing a song or getting direction to a restaurant. 6. What is machine learning? Answer: Machine learning is a process and procedure by which knowledge is gained through experience. In another words computers learn without being explicitly programmed. For example Facebook has been successfully using machine learning in its News Feed. If you read a friend's post frequently or if you "Like" a friend's post, Facebook includes more of this friend's posts in your news feed. If you stop reading or liking this friend's posts, Facebook adjust your news feed accordingly. 7. What are five categories of NLP systems? Answer:• Interface to databases • Machine translation, such as translating from French to English • Text scanning and intelligent indexing programs for summarizing large amounts of text • Generating text for automated production of standard documents • Speech systems for voice interaction with computers 8. What are four advantages of integrating AI technologies into decision support systems? Answer:• Adding deductive reasoning to traditional DBMS functions • Improving access speed • Improving the creation and maintenance of databases • Adding the capability to handle uncertainty and fuzzy data Projects 1. After reading the information presented in this chapter and other sources, write a one-page paper that discusses the advantages and disadvantages of robotic surgery. When it comes to cost, which one is cheaper: human doctor or robot? The da Vinci Surgical System is an example of a robot used in surgery. What are two positive and two negative aspects of this system? Answer: Answers will vary. Advantages and Disadvantages of Robotic Surgery: Advantages: 1. Precision: Robots can perform highly precise movements, reducing the risk of human error. 2. Minimally Invasive: Robotic surgery often results in smaller incisions, reducing recovery time and scarring. 3. Enhanced Visualization: Robots provide high-definition, 3D visualization, aiding surgeons in performing complex procedures. Disadvantages: 1. High Cost: Robotic systems are expensive to purchase, maintain, and operate. 2. Limited Haptic Feedback: Surgeons may miss the tactile feedback they would get in traditional surgery, potentially affecting delicate operations. Cost Comparison: • Human Doctor vs. Robot: Robots like the da Vinci Surgical System are more expensive upfront due to equipment and maintenance costs, while human doctors, though costly in terms of training and time, typically incur lower operational costs. da Vinci Surgical System: • Positive Aspects: 1. Enhanced precision and control for surgeons. 2. Shorter recovery times and reduced risk of complications for patients. • Negative Aspects: 1. High initial investment and maintenance costs. 2. Requires specialized training for surgeons to operate effectively. 2. Contextual computing has generated a lot of excitement in the computing community. After reading the information presented in this chapter and other sources, write a one-page paper that discusses the advantages and disadvantages of this platform. In addition to Google Now, what other software applications currently offer this capability? Answer: Answers will vary. Advantages and Disadvantages of Contextual Computing: Advantages: 1. Personalized Experience: Contextual computing uses data such as location, time, and user behavior to provide tailored recommendations and services. 2. Increased Efficiency: It anticipates user needs and offers proactive assistance, saving time and effort (e.g., reminders, travel updates). 3. Seamless Integration: It integrates with various devices and services, providing a unified experience across platforms. Disadvantages: 1. Privacy Concerns: The collection of personal data for contextual analysis raises concerns about data security and privacy. 2. Complexity: Managing and processing vast amounts of real-time data can lead to technical challenges and occasional inaccuracies in predictions. Other Software Offering Contextual Computing: 1. Apple Siri: Uses voice recognition and contextual information like location to provide personalized recommendations. 2. Amazon Alexa: Integrates contextual information to optimize smart home functions, shopping, and personal assistance. 3. Nina, from Nuance.com, is being marketed as an intelligent agent. After reading the information presented in this chapter and other sources, write a one-page paper that explains the applications of this software. What types of businesses will benefit the most from it? Answer: Answers will vary. Applications of Nina (Nuance Intelligent Agent): Nina, developed by Nuance Communications, is an intelligent virtual assistant designed to enhance customer service through natural language processing (NLP) and artificial intelligence (AI). It allows businesses to automate customer interactions across multiple channels, including voice, chat, and messaging apps. Key Applications: 1. Customer Support: Nina can handle routine customer inquiries, troubleshoot issues, and provide information, reducing the need for human agents. 2. Sales Assistance: It can guide customers through product recommendations and help in completing transactions. 3. Appointment Scheduling: Nina can schedule meetings and reminders, integrating with business calendars. Business Types that Benefit: • Customer Service-Oriented Businesses: Retailers, telecom companies, and financial institutions benefit from Nina’s automation in handling customer queries efficiently. • Healthcare and Insurance: These sectors benefit from Nina’s ability to assist in claims processing, appointment bookings, and answering frequently asked questions. 4. Case-based reasoning systems have been used in a variety of disciplines. In the future, they may also be used in the medical field. After reading the information presented in this chapter and other sources, write a one-page paper that explains how case-based reasoning systems will be used in this area. How might that bring healthcare costs down? Answer: Answers will vary. Case-Based Reasoning in Healthcare: Case-based reasoning (CBR) systems in healthcare involve using past cases and their outcomes to help diagnose and treat new patients. By analyzing previous medical cases with similar symptoms or conditions, CBR systems can provide healthcare professionals with recommendations based on successful treatments or diagnostic paths. Applications: 1. Diagnosis Support: CBR can assist doctors in diagnosing rare or complex conditions by referencing similar past cases and suggesting possible treatments. 2. Treatment Recommendations: CBR can recommend personalized treatment plans based on prior patient data and outcomes, improving decision-making. 3. Clinical Decision-Making: It helps in identifying the most effective interventions by learning from past cases, thus improving patient care. Impact on Healthcare Costs: 1. Reducing Errors: By improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment choices, CBR reduces costly misdiagnoses and unnecessary treatments. 2. Efficient Resource Use: It can minimize the need for expensive tests by suggesting effective treatments or diagnoses based on historical data, streamlining the care process. 5. Intelligent agents are being used in a variety of applications. After reading the information presented in this chapter and other sources, write a one-page paper that discusses the applications of these agents in the e-commerce environment. Identify three such agents and their specific applications in e-commerce. Answer: Answers will vary. Applications of Intelligent Agents in E-Commerce: Intelligent agents in e-commerce use artificial intelligence to automate tasks, enhance customer experience, and optimize business operations. These agents interact with customers, provide personalized recommendations, and support decision-making processes. Three Applications of Intelligent Agents in E-Commerce: 1. Recommendation Systems (e.g., Amazon’s Personal Assistant): These agents analyze past purchases, browsing history, and preferences to provide personalized product recommendations, boosting sales and customer satisfaction. 2. Chatbots (e.g., Shopify Chatbot): AI-powered chatbots assist customers by answering queries, providing product information, guiding users through the buying process, and resolving issues in real time, enhancing customer support. 3. Price Optimization Agents (e.g., Dynamic Pricing Agents): These agents monitor competitor prices, market demand, and customer behavior to dynamically adjust product prices, maximizing revenue and staying competitive in the market. Impact: These intelligent agents improve operational efficiency, increase sales through personalization, and enhance customer service, making them essential for e-commerce success. 6. Nuance Communication’s Dragon Speech Recognition Software and AT&T’s Natural Voices Wizzard Speech are two of the popular commercial NLPs currently on the market. After reading the information presented in this chapter and other sources, write a two-page paper that explains key features of each NLP. What are some of the business applications of each software? What types of businesses will benefit the most from these types of software? Answer: Answers will vary. Nuance Dragon Speech Recognition: • Key Features: Accurate voice-to-text, customizable commands, integration with Microsoft Office, and voice training for improved accuracy. • Applications: Used in healthcare (dictating patient notes), legal sectors (transcribing case files), and corporate environments (transcribing meetings). • Benefiting Businesses: Healthcare, legal, and large corporations can benefit from Dragon's efficiency in documentation and transcription. AT&T Natural Voices Wizard Speech: • Key Features: High-quality text-to-speech, customizable voices, multi-language support, and easy integration into systems. • Applications: Customer service (automated phone systems), e-learning (audio content for accessibility), and marketing (voice-based promotions). • Benefiting Businesses: Customer support centers, educational institutions, and retail firms can leverage it for better customer interaction and accessibility. Are You Ready to Move On? 1. Contextual computing refers to a computing environment that is always present, can feel our surroundings, and—based on who we are, where we are, and whom we are with—offer recommendations. True or False? Answer: True 2. An artificial neural network is a type of machine learning system. True or False? Answer: True 3. Robots are one of the least successful applications of AI. True or False? Answer: False 4. All of the following are examples of contextual computing except: a. Smartphones b. The Nest thermostat c. Google's map d. EverythingMe Answer: C 5. All of the following are among the components of an expert system except: a. A geographic database b. A knowledge acquisition facility c. An explanation facility d. An inference engine Answer: A 6. One of the following is not a type of intelligent agent: a. Data-mining agents b. Monitoring and surveillance agents c. Database agents d. Shopping and information agents Answer: C Case Study 13-1 1. What problems were Scotts Miracle Gro facing? Answer: They recently noticed that a large number of customers were canceling lawn-fertilizer service. 2. Which software was used to analyze data collected by Scotts? Answer: They used an AI-based software called Luminoso (www.luminoso.com). 3. How does a software tool such as Luminoso analyze data? Answer: Luminoso analyzes the data, which yields some interesting results. The reason customers were canceling the service was because they expected better customer service from the company. Although the words “customer service” were not cited specifically in the survey, the software was able to associate words such as “listen” or “not responsive” in order to come up with the finding. 4. What are some strategic applications of software tool such as Luminoso? Answer: According to David Erdman, a senior analyst at Scotts, the company is now examining its customer service in order to make improvements. Case Study 13-2 1. How can NLP make a smartphone smarter? Answer: NLP adds a user friendly environment and enhances data entry and data input for mobile users. For example, instead of saying “Call 551-535-1922” to dial a phone number, users can now say “Dial Dad” or “Phone my father.” 2. What are some examples of software used by smartphones? Answer: Nuance’s Dragon Dictation, available as an iPhone app, allows users to dictate everything from memos and e-mails to Twitter updates; Dragon for E-mail offers similar capabilities for the BlackBerry. Also for the iPhone, Jibbigo translates words, phrases, and simple sentences. Voice-driven apps such as Google Voice Search, Bing Voice Search, and Microsoft Tellme are among the more popular smartphone applications. Vlingo, a multiplatform app, serves as a “virtual assistant” and is being used for such services as making restaurant reservations. 3. What are some of the challenges that have to be overcome before achieving a full-featured voice-activated mobile device? Answer: One of the challenges with voice-activated mobile devices is to get the device to understand what you mean, not just what you say. Other challenges include the use of foreign names and maintaining accuracy in noisy environments. 4. Compare and contrast Apple’s Siri and Pixel's Google Assistant. Which one do you prefer and why? Answer: Answers will vary. Comparison of Apple’s Siri and Google Assistant: • Integration: Siri is deeply integrated with Apple's ecosystem (iPhones, iPads, MacBooks, etc.), while Google Assistant is more versatile across devices (Android, smart speakers, and third-party devices). • Voice Recognition: Google Assistant generally provides more accurate and natural responses, especially for complex queries, as it taps into Google's vast search capabilities. • Personalization: Siri is more focused on the Apple environment, offering seamless integration with apps like Apple Music and iMessage. Google Assistant offers more personalized, location-based suggestions, leveraging Google’s data services. • Smart Home Compatibility: Both work with smart home devices, but Google Assistant has broader compatibility with more third-party brands. Preference: I prefer Google Assistant because of its superior accuracy, broader device compatibility, and better integration with Google's services. Chapter 14 Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications Reviews and Discussions 1. What are two applications of push technology? Answer: • Push technology streamlines the process of users getting software updates and updated content. • With push technology, your favorite Web content can be updated in real time and sent to your desktop or your mobile device. 2. What are three types or forms of the SaaS model? Answer: • Software services for general use, such as office suite packages • A specific service, such as credit card processing • A service in a vertical market, such as software solutions for doctors, accountants, and attorneys 3. What is one major difference between virtual and augmented reality? Answer: Augmented reality is similar to virtual reality with one distinction between the two: Augmented reality users stay in the real-world environment while interacting with objects, while virtual reality users are immersed in the virtual world. AR users are aware that they are still in the real world, while a VR user’s mind is tricked into thinking he or she is in a new virtual world. 4. What are three major components of a virtual reality system? Answer: • Visual and aural systems • Manual control for navigation • Central coordinating processor and software system 5. What are two examples of companies or organizations that are using AR? For which purpose AR is being used? Answer: • The U.S. Postal Service uses AR that allows customers to compare the size of an item to the size of shipping boxes available from the postal service. This gives customers a good idea about which box to purchase before shipping an item. • Ray-Ban is using AR that allows customers to virtually try on glasses and see how they look before purchase. This particular application offers a great opportunity for online businesses to sell the exact product a customer wants with the right size, color, and appearance. 6. Compared to conventional bar codes, what are three features that QR codes offer? Answer: • High storage capacity • Readable from any direction • Dirt and dust resistance 7. Why face recognition technology as a biometric measure is fundamentally different than other biometric measures such as fingerprint or retina identification? Answer: Face recognition technology as a biometric measure is fundamentally different than other biometric measures such as fingerprint or retina identification because an individual does not need to opt in to be recognized by the system. Any camera in a public place can take a picture of a person and recognize him or her with a high degree of accuracy. For that reason, security and privacy concerns are more challenging, and careful consideration must be given to this technology’s potential use. 8. What are the four options when using cloud computing? Answer: Public, private, hybrid, and community clouds. Projects 1. After reading the information presented in this chapter and other sources, write a one-page paper that describes two companies (in addition to those mentioned in this book) that have been using VR. What are two advantages and two disadvantages of using VR? What is the main difference between a VR system and a human where they are used for therapy? What are two examples of companies that are using AR? For which purpose the AR systems are being used? Answer: Answers will vary. Companies Using VR: 1. Walmart: Uses VR for employee training, simulating real-world scenarios. 2. Boeing: Utilizes VR for aircraft assembly and design visualization. Advantages of VR: 1. Immersive Learning: Enhances training effectiveness. 2. Cost-Effective: Reduces costs on physical materials. Disadvantages of VR: 1. High Initial Cost: Expensive hardware and setup. 2. Health Issues: Potential discomfort like motion sickness. VR vs. Human in Therapy: • VR offers a controlled, repeatable environment for therapy, while humans provide personalized support and interaction. AR Examples: 1. IKEA: AR app helps customers visualize furniture in their homes. 2. Niantic (Pokémon GO): AR enhances gaming by merging virtual and real worlds. Purpose of AR: • IKEA: Improves the shopping experience. • Niantic: Encourages outdoor activity and engagement. 2. Virtual worlds are being increasingly used for communication and collaboration. After reading the information presented in this chapter and other sources, write a one-page paper that describes two companies (in addition to those mentioned in this book) that have been using virtual worlds for these purposes. What are two advantages and two disadvantages of using virtual worlds? What are two examples of companies that provide virtual worlds platforms? Answer: Answers will vary. Companies Using Virtual Worlds: 1. IBM: IBM uses virtual worlds like Second Life for team collaboration, virtual meetings, and product demonstrations, allowing employees to connect globally in an interactive environment. 2. Deloitte: Deloitte has used virtual worlds for internal training, client meetings, and collaboration, enabling employees to simulate real-world situations in a controlled virtual space. Advantages of Virtual Worlds: 1. Enhanced Collaboration: Facilitates global team communication with real-time interaction and immersive environments. 2. Cost-Effective: Reduces travel costs and logistical challenges for global teams. Disadvantages of Virtual Worlds: 1. Technical Issues: Virtual worlds can experience technical difficulties such as lag or server downtime. 2. User Adoption: Employees may face a learning curve or resistance to using new platforms. Companies Providing Virtual Worlds Platforms: 1. Second Life: Offers virtual spaces for business meetings, education, and collaboration. 2. AltspaceVR: Provides virtual environments for socializing, events, and business meetings. 3. RFID is playing a major role in increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of supply chain management. After reading the information presented in this chapter and other sources, write a one-page paper that describes the experience of a company that has been using RFID for this purpose. What are two advantages and two disadvantages of using RFID in supply chain management? What is the relationship between RFID and IoT? Which role does RFID play in an IoT environment? Answer: Answers will vary. Company Using RFID in Supply Chain Management: Walmart has implemented RFID technology in its supply chain to track inventory in real-time. This allows the company to better manage stock levels, reduce out-of-stock situations, and improve inventory accuracy across its vast network of stores and suppliers. Advantages of RFID in Supply Chain: 1. Improved Inventory Management: RFID provides real-time tracking, reducing stock discrepancies and ensuring optimal inventory levels. 2. Increased Efficiency: Automates data collection, reducing manual errors and speeding up processes like stock counting and shipment tracking. Disadvantages of RFID in Supply Chain: 1. High Initial Costs: Implementing RFID systems involves significant investment in hardware, software, and training. 2. Privacy Concerns: RFID can raise issues related to data security and privacy, especially if tracking is done on personal items. Relationship Between RFID and IoT: RFID is a key technology within the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. While IoT refers to a network of interconnected devices that communicate and share data, RFID enables these devices to automatically identify and track objects, feeding data into IoT systems. Role of RFID in an IoT Environment: In an IoT environment, RFID acts as a sensor that captures and transmits real-time data about physical objects, helping improve automation, monitoring, and decision-making across industries like supply chain management. 4. Most experts believe that security and privacy risks are two of the drawbacks of the cloud computing environment. After reading the information presented in this chapter and other sources, write a one-page paper that outlines five recommendations for improving the security and privacy of information in cloud computing. Answer: Answers will vary. Recommendations for Improving Security and Privacy in Cloud Computing: 1. Data Encryption: Ensure that all sensitive data is encrypted both in transit and at rest. This protects data from unauthorized access during storage or transmission. 2. Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Implement MFA to add an additional layer of security, requiring users to provide more than one form of verification before accessing cloud services. 3. Access Controls: Establish strict access control policies, limiting data access based on roles and responsibilities. Regularly review and update access permissions to ensure only authorized users can access sensitive information. 4. Regular Security Audits: Conduct routine security audits and vulnerability assessments to identify and address potential security flaws or compliance issues in the cloud environment. 5. Data Backup and Recovery: Maintain regular, secure backups of critical data and ensure a robust disaster recovery plan is in place to protect against data loss or system breaches. These practices help mitigate risks related to data breaches and unauthorized access in cloud computing environments. 5. After reading the information presented in this chapter and other sources, write a one-page paper that describes two companies (in addition to those mentioned in this book) that have been using cloud computing. Explain the advantages these companies have gained by using cloud computing and their major reasons for adopting this technology. Is cost-saving the only reason, or there were other reasons? Answer: Answers will vary. Companies Using Cloud Computing: 1. Netflix: Netflix uses cloud computing to stream content to millions of users globally. By leveraging the cloud, Netflix can scale its operations easily and efficiently, handling peak demands during high-traffic times. This allows the company to focus on content delivery without worrying about managing infrastructure. 2. Dropbox: Dropbox offers cloud storage and file synchronization services. By using cloud computing, Dropbox enables users to access files from anywhere, on any device, making collaboration seamless. It also benefits from scalable infrastructure, allowing it to provide services to millions of users with minimal upfront investment. Advantages Gained: • Scalability: Both companies can easily scale their operations to meet demand without the need for significant investment in physical infrastructure. • Flexibility: Cloud computing allows them to access resources as needed, reducing operational bottlenecks. Reasons for Adopting Cloud: • Cost Savings: Reduces the need for physical hardware, maintenance, and operational costs. • Efficiency and Agility: Enables faster innovation, collaboration, and the ability to scale quickly. • Global Accessibility: Both companies benefit from the ability to offer services globally with reliable uptime. Cloud adoption is driven by more than just cost savings; factors like flexibility, scalability, and improved service delivery are also key motivations. 6. After reading the information presented in this chapter and other sources, write a one-page paper that identifies two companies (in addition to those mentioned in this book) that have been using biometrics. Explain the advantages of using biometrics in these companies and their major reasons for adopting this technology. What is the main difference between face recognition and other biometric measures? Answer: Answers will vary. Companies Using Biometrics: 1. Apple: Apple uses biometrics in its Face ID technology, allowing users to unlock their devices, make payments, and authenticate apps using facial recognition. This enhances security by ensuring only authorized users can access the device. 2. HSBC: HSBC has implemented biometric authentication for banking services, including voice recognition for customer service calls and fingerprint scanning for mobile banking apps. This helps streamline processes while improving security and user convenience. Advantages of Using Biometrics: • Enhanced Security: Biometrics provide a higher level of security compared to traditional passwords, reducing the risk of unauthorized access. • Convenience: Users can quickly authenticate their identity without needing to remember complex passwords, improving user experience. Reasons for Adopting Biometrics: • Fraud Prevention: Companies like HSBC aim to reduce identity theft and fraud by using unique, hard-to-replicate biometric identifiers. • Efficiency: Biometrics streamline authentication processes, saving time for both users and companies. Difference Between Face Recognition and Other Biometric Measures: Face recognition differs from other biometrics, like fingerprints or iris scans, as it can be done remotely without physical contact. It relies on analyzing facial features, while other biometrics involve physical interactions with scanners (e.g., fingerprint or iris scanning). Are You Ready to Move On? 1. Regulatory compliance is one of the cloud computing risks. True or False? Answer: True 2. Researchers are developing nanocapsules for a “clot-busting” drug. True or False? Answer: True 3. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), is also called software as a service (SaaS). True or False? Answer: False 4. One of the following is used to create a personal area network (PAN) for communication among computerized devices, including telephones, PDAs, and game consoles: a. WimaX b. Bluetooth c. Wi-Fi d. LAN Answer: B 5. All of the following are among the current and future applications of biometrics except: a. Network and computer login security b. Web page security c. Employee time clocks d. Short range communication Answer: D 6. RFID applications include all of the following except: a. Access control b. Anticounterfeiting c. ATM machines d. Tracking and identification Answer: A Case Study 14-1 1. What are some of the reasons that IHG is moving into cloud computing? Answer: IHG uses several types of cloud computing platforms to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of its operations. In addition to cost savings, the company says, it moved into cloud computing because it wanted a faster and more flexible way of getting a new system up and running and because of the cloud’s ease of integrating various applications under a single platform. 2. Which platform is used for IHG CRM applications? Answer: Salesforce.com’s CRM 3. Which applications run in IHG’s private cloud? Answer: Loyalty program. 4. What are the three cloud delivery models used at IHG? Answer: SaaS, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), and a private cloud. Case Study 14-2 1. What is the goal of Macy’s omnichannel imitative? Answer: Omnichannel initiative, seeks to integrate the physical stores, the Internet, and mobile technologies. 2. With the omnichannel initiative, which three operations or technologies are integrated? Answer: The physical stores, the Internet, and mobile technologies. 3. What is the role of RFID in the success of this initiative? Answer: RFID is the key technology behind the Macy’s omnichannel strategy, allowing the company to replenish merchandise accurately and in a timely manner. 4. For which purpose is Macy’s using RFID tags within its shoe departments? Answer: This helps the stores eliminate or reduce the incidence of missing samples. Before RFID was implemented, keeping the samples together was a time-consuming task that caused lost sales. Solution Manual for MIS-2 Hossein Bidgoli 9781337406925
Download
Close
Close
