ATI ENGAGE ADULT MEDICAL SURGICAL RN: ALTERATION IN
HEALTHCARE- RN ALTERATION IN CARDIOVASCULAR
FUNCTION AND PERFUSION ASSESSMENT
Question 1 of 30
Question 2 of 30
Question 3 of 30
Question 4 of 30
A nurse is teaching a group of clients about risk factors for developing coronary artery
disease (CAD). Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all
that apply.)
A. High levels of stress
B. Diabetes mellitus
C. Family history of CAD
D. Valvular heart disease
E. Hypertension
F. Hyperlipidaemia
Answer: A. High levels of stress
B. Diabetes mellitus
C. Family history of CAD
E. Hypertension
F. Hyperlipidaemia
Explanation:
A. High levels of stress is correct. Stress, diabetes mellitus, family history of CAD,
hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia are risk factors for the development of coronary artery
disease.
B. Diabetes mellitus is correct. Stress, diabetes mellitus, family history of CAD,
hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia are risk factors for the development of coronary artery
disease.
C. Family history of CAD is correct. Stress, diabetes mellitus, family history of CAD,
hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia are risk factors for the development of coronary artery
disease.
D. Valvular hear disease is incorrect. Valvular heart disease is not a risk factor for coronary
artery disease. However, coronary artery disease is one of the many risk factors of valvular
disease.
E. Hypertension is correct. Stress, diabetes mellitus, family history of CAD, hypertension,
and hyperlipidaemia are risk factors for the development of coronary artery disease.
F. Hyperlipidaemia is correct Stress, diabetes mellitus, family history of CAD, hypertension,
and hyperlipidaemia are risk factors for the development of coronary artery disease.
Question 5 of 30
A nurse is teaching a client about reducing risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD).
Which of the following client statements indicates to the nurse understanding of the teaching?
A. "l will follow a moderate exercise regimen."
B. "1 will only smoke cigars."
C. "Coronary artery disease is an unavoidable part of aging."
D. "l will drink whole milk with my meals."
Answer: A. "l will follow a moderate exercise regimen."
Question 6 of 30
A nurse is teaching a group of clients about modifiable risk factors for developing valvular
dysfunction. Which of the following risk factors should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Elevated homocysteine levels
B. Increased stress levels
C. Hypertension
D. Chronic pulmonary disease
Answer: C. Hypertension
Question 7 of 30
A nurse is assessing a client who has atrial fibrillation. Which of the following client
statements by the client should indicate to the nurse that this condition is affecting the client's
ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs)?
A. "I feel pressure in my chest when I climb stairs."
B. "I feel so nauseated when I turn my head too quickly."
C. "My heart rate increases but stays regular when I run On the track."
D. "I go to the grocery store at least once a week."
Answer: A. "I feel pressure in my chest when I climb stairs."
Question 8 of 30
A nurse is caring for a client who has coronary artery disease that has progressed to an ST
elevation myocardial infarction (STEW). Which of the following procedures should the nurse
anticipate for this client?
A. Heart catheterization and percutaneous intervention
B. Balloon valvuloplasty
C. Administration of pentoxifylline
D Heparin bolus followed by a continuous infusion
Answer: A. Heart catheterization and percutaneous intervention
Question 9 of 30
A nurse is assisting in caring for a client who has chronic venous disease, and the client asks
why their legs have been swelling and feel so heavy at times. Which of the following
statements should the nurse include?
A. "The arteries are narrowed due to plaque and blood flow is decreased and spasms occur."
B. "Blood flow is altered due to excessive stretching of the ventricles, impairing the heart to
contract, and causing decreased blood flow."
C. "The veins are damaged as a result of the compression stockings you have been wearing."
D. "Damaged or occluded veins cause blood to pool in the legs instead of returning to the
heart."
Answer: D. "Damaged or occluded veins cause blood to pool in the legs instead of returning
to the heart."
Question 10 of 30
A nurse is teaching a group of clients about chronic health conditions that increase the risk
for developing premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). Which of the following should the
nurse include in the teaching?
A. Recent illness that caused vomiting and diarrhoea.
B. Myocardial infarction that required stent placement.
C. Diabetes mellitus type 2 that requires daily insulin injections,
D. Peripheral vascular disease with diminished capillary refill.
Answer: B. Myocardial infarction that required stent placement.
Question 11 of 30
A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who has cardiomyopathy. Which of the
following blood tests should the nurse anticipate the provider prescribing to evaluate
cardiomyopathy severity?
A. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
B. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
C. C-reactive protein (CRP)
D. Blood cultures
Answer: A. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Question 12 of 30
A nurse is assessing a client who has valvular dysfunction. Which of the following client
statements should indicate to the nurse that this condition is affecting the client's ability to
perform activities of daily living (ADLs)?
A. “I make my own breakfast and get meals on wheels 5 days a week.”
B. "1 watch my five-year-old grandson every day after school."
C. "1 get short of breath when I make my bed,"
D. "l become nauseated if I do not have a bowel movement for several days."
Answer: C. "1 get short of breath when I make my bed,"
Question 13 of 30
Answer:
Determine rhythm regularity
Calculate heart Rate
Assess for P waves
Measure PR interval
Measure duration of QRS complex
Observe for changes in T Wave
Question 14 of 30
A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a client with peripheral artery disease.
Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate administering? (Select all
that apply.)
A. Colchicine
B. Cilostazol
C. Captopril
D. Pentoxifylline
E. Verapamil
Answer: B. Cilostazol
D. Pentoxifylline
Explanation:
A. Colchicine is incorrect. Colchicine is a medication that is prescribed to target the pain and
inflammatory processes that are associated with pericarditis.
B. Cilostazol is correct. Cilostazol would be administered to a client with peripheral artery
disease to cause vasodilation and for its antiproliferative effects.
C. Captopril is incorrect. Captopril would be administered to a client who has hypertension,
heart failure, or myocardial infarction.
D. Pentoxifylline is correct. Pentoxifylline would be administered to a client with peripheral
artery disease to improve claudication.
E. Verapamil is incorrect. Verapamil would be administered to a client who has angina,
hypertension, or cardiac dysrhythmias.
Question 15 of 30
A nurse is teaching a group of clients about risk factors for developing chronic venous
disease. Which of the following risk factors should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Recent viral infection
B. Elevated homocysteine levels
C. Rheumatic fever
D. Standing for prolonged periods of time
Answer: D. Standing for prolonged periods of time
Question 16 of 30
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has heart failure. Which of the
following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Maintain six feet between oxygen and an open flame.
B. Perform foot care to prevent wounds and gangrene.
C. Ambulate frequently to prevent development of venous ulcers,
D. Increase fluid intake to prevent constipation.
Answer: A. Maintain six feet between oxygen and an open flame.
Question 17 of 30
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has atrial fibrillation (A-fib) about
prevention of complications. Which of the following should the nurse include in the
teaching?
A. Refrain from sexual activities.
B. Avoid taking over-the-counter decongestants.
C. Restrict fluids to 2 Liters each day.
D. Decrease dietary intake of sodium.
Answer: B. Avoid taking over-the-counter decongestants.
Question 18 of 30
A nurse is teaching a client about the pathophysiology of valvular regurgitation. Which of the
following statements by the nurse indicates that the client understands the pathophysiology of
valvular regurgitation?
A. "The valve is not opening completely. Blood in the heart is backing up because the valves
are narrowed due to the valve not opening completely."
B. "The valve is functioning normally. The blood flow is sluggish from one chamber to the
next due to the valve not completely closing."
C. "The valve is not closing completely. Blood in the heart is backing up from one chamber
of the heart to another chamber due to the valve not completely closing."
D. "The valve opening is narrowed. The blood flow in the heart is more forceful due to the
narrowing of the valves causing them not to close completely."
Answer: C. "The valve is not closing completely. Blood in the heart is backing up from one
chamber of the heart to another chamber due to the valve not completely closing."
Question 19 of 30
A nurse is teaching a client who has coronary artery disease (CAD) about prevention of
progression of the disease. Which of the following lifestyle modifications should the nurse
include in the teaching?
A. Restricting fluids to 2 later per day
B. Cessation of intravenous (IV) drug use
C. Controlling of hypertension
D. Prevention of injury to lower extremities
Answer: C. Controlling of hypertension
Question 20 of 30
A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who has heart failure. Which of the
following blood tests should the nurse understand will evaluate the severity of heart failure
and risk of death?
A. Troponin I
B. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
C. Homocysteine level
D. C-reactive protein (CRP)
Answer: B. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Question 21 of 30
A nurse is analysing a client's electrocardiogram (ECG) strip and identifies the following
information:
HR: 145 bpm
Rhythm: Regular
P wave indiscernible
QRS duration: 0.06 seconds
Based upon this information, the nurse will interpret the client's rhythm as which of the
following?
A. Normal sinus rhythm (NSR)
B. Atrial fibrillation (A-fib)
C. Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
D. Sinus bradycardia (SB)
Answer: C. Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
Question 22 of 30
A nurse is teaching a client who has hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) about the cause of
the condition. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. “Your heart condition is caused by excessive stretching of the ventricles.”
B. "Your heart condition is caused by stiffening of the walls of the ventricles."
C. "Your heart condition is caused by thickening of the ventricular walls and septum"
D. “our heart condition is caused when the ventricular tissue becomes fibrous and fatty.”
Answer: C. "Your heart condition is caused by thickening of the ventricular walls and
septum"
Question 23 of 30
A nurse is assessing a client who has coronary artery disease. Which of the following
manifestations should the nurse identify as needing immediate intervention? (Select all that
apply.)
A. Angina
B. Shortness of breath
C. Statis dermatitis
D. Diaphoresis
E. Nausea
F. Weight gain
Answer: A. Angina
B. Shortness of breath
D. Diaphoresis
E. Nausea
Explanation:
A. Angina is correct. Angina is a manifestation of coronary artery disease and are caused by
decreased blood flow and oxygen to the myocardium,
B. Shortness of breath is correct. Shortness of breath is a manifestation of coronary artery
disease.
C. Statis dermatitis is incorrect. Statis dermatitis is not a manifestation of peripheral venous
disease.
D. Diaphoresis is correct. Diaphoresis is a manifestation of coronary artery disease.
E. Nausea is correct. Nausea is a manifestation of coronary artery disease.
F. Weight gain is incorrect. Weight gain is not a manifestation of heart failure.
Question 24 of 30
A nurse is presenting an in-service to nursing staff on heart failure. Which of the following
risk factors for heart disease should the nurse identify as the result of structural changes to the
heart?
A. Anaemia
B. Hypertension
C. Thiamine deficiency
D. Excessive levels of thyroid hormone
Answer: B. Hypertension
Question 25 of 30
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has cardiomyopathy. Which of the
following should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)
A. Report ankle edema.
B. Avoid taking over-the-counter decongestants.
C. Limit dietary intake of sodium.
D. Check weight every morning,
E. Restrict fluids to approximate and 2 Liters each day.
Answer: A. Report ankle edema.
C. Limit dietary intake of sodium.
D. Check weight every morning,
E. Restrict fluids to approximate and 2 Liters each day.
Explanation:
A. Avoid taking over-the-counter decongestants is incorrect. Over-the-counter decongestants
can increase the risk of dysrhythmias in clients who have a-fib.
B. Restrict fluids to approximately 2 Liters each day is correct. Fluid restriction to 2 Liters a
day, limiting dietary intake of sodium, checking weight every morning, and reporting ankle
edema are lifestyle modifications indicated for clients who have cardiomyopathy or heart
failure to decrease fluid retention.
C. Limit dietary intake of sodium is correct. Fluid restriction to 2 liters a day, limiting dietary
intake of sodium, checking weight every morning, and reporting ankle edema are lifestyle
modifications indicated for clients who have cardiomyopathy or heart failure to decrease
fluid retention.
D. Check weight every morning is correct. Fluid restriction to 2 liters a day, limiting dietary
intake of sodium, checking weight every morning, and reporting ankle edema are lifestyle
modifications indicated for client's who have cardiomyopathy or heart failure to decrease
fluid retention.
E. Report ankle edema is correct. Fluid restriction to 2 Liters a day, limiting dietary intake of
sodium, checking weight every morning, and reporting ankle edema are lifestyle
modifications indicated for clients who have cardiomyopathy or heart failure to decrease
fluid retention.
Question 26 of 30
A nurse is reviewing diagnostic tests for a client who has peripheral artery disease. Which of
the following ankle-brachial index results (ABI) should the nurse understand indicates
peripheral artery disease?
A. ABI ratio of 1.0
B. ABI ratio of 1.2
C. ABI ratio of 0.7
D. ABI ratio of 0.9
Answer: C. ABI ratio of 0.7
Question 27 of 30
A nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client who has heart failure. Which of the
following client conditions should the nurse understand contributes to heart failure? Select all
that apply.
A. Thyrotoxicosis
B. Anaemia
C. Hypertension
D. Thiamine deficiency
E. Hyperphosphatemia
Answer: A. Thyrotoxicosis
B. Anaemia
C. Hypertension
D. Thiamine deficiency
Explanation:
A. Thyrotoxicosis is correct. Thyrotoxicosis, anaemia, hypertension, and thiamine deficiency
are risk factors for heart failure.
B. Anaemia is correct. Thyrotoxicosis, anaemia, hypertension, and thiamine deficiency are
risk factors for heart failure.
C. Hypertension is correct. Thyrotoxicosis, anaemia, hypertension, and thiamine deficiency
are risk factors for heart failure.
D. Thiamine deficiency is correct. Thyrotoxicosis, anaemia, hypertension, and thiamine
deficiency are risk factors for heart failure.
E. Hyperphosphatemia is incorrect. Hyperphosphatemia is not a risk factor for heart failure,
Question 28 of 30
A nurse is analysing a client's electrocardiogram (ECG) strip and identifies the following
information:
HR: 75 bpm
Rhythm: Regular
p wave: One before each QRS complex
PR interval: 0.16 seconds
QRS duration: 0.10 seconds
Based upon this information, the nurse will interpret the client's rhythm as which of the
following?
Answer: Normal Sinus rhythm(NSR)
The information is identified from the ECG analysis is within the normal ECG analysis
parameters.
Question 29 of 30
A nurse is assessing a client who has acute pericarditis. Which of the following
manifestations should the nurse anticipate? (Select all that apply.)
A. Hiccups
B. Dysphagia
C. Weight gain
D. Increased urination
E. Chest pain
Answer: A. Hiccups
B. Dysphagia
D. Increased urination
E. Chest pain
Explanation:
A. Hiccups is correct. Hiccups are a manifestation of pericarditis and is caused by the
irritation and inflammation that occur due to the heart's constant motion.
B. Dysphagia is correct. Dysphagia or difficulty swallowing is a manifestation of pericarditis
and is caused by the irritation and inflammation that occur due to the heart's constant motion,
C. Weight gain is incorrect. Weight gain is associated with atrial fibrillation. Clients
experiencing pericarditis will have a loss in weight.
D. Increased urination is correct. Increased urination is associated with atrial fibrillation.
Pericarditis does not affect urination.
E. Chest pain is correct. Chest pain is a manifestation of pericarditis and are caused from the
irritation and inflammation that occur due to the heart's constant motion.
Question 30 of 30
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has supraventricular tachycardia
(SVT). Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Decrease oral fluids to 2 Liters daily.
B. Increase fibre intake to prevent constipation,
C. Notify the healthcare provider if the client develops hiccups.
D. Evaluate potential fall risks in the home environment.
Answer: D. Evaluate potential fall risks in the home environment.
