ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam GRADED A LATEST 20223/2024
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Foods high in potassium:
Answer: • apricots
• bananas
• potatoes
• tomatoes
• avocado
• fish
• spinach
• beans
2. A nurse is reinforcing diet teaching to a client who has type 2 DM. Which of the following
should the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.
A. Carbs should comprise 55% of daily caloric intake
B. Use hydrogenated oils for cooking
C. Table sugar may be added to cereals
D. Drink an alcoholic beverage w/meals
E. Protein foods can be substituted for carb foods
Answer: A, C, D
Not B-hydrogenated oils contain trans fatty acids & cause hyperlipidemia
Not E-carbs can be exchanged but not w/proteins
3. A nurse is reviewing dietary guidelines to include in the plan of care for a client who has type
2 DM. Which of the following guidelines should the nurse include? Select all that apply.
A. Weight management
B. Lipid profile
C. Cultural needs
D. Sleep patterns
E. Personal preferences
Answer: A, B, C, E
4. To avoid hypoglycemia, the client should consume alcohol...
Answer: with a meal or immediately after a meal
5. ____________can be included in a diabetic diet as long as adequate insulin or other agents are
provided to cover the sugar intake.
Answer: Sucrose (table sugar)
6. The nurse should instruct the diabetic client that their intake of carbohydrates should be
___to___% of total daily caloric intake.
Answer: 45-60%
7. The lacto-ovo vegetarian diet includes:
Answer: dairy products and eggs
8. A nurse is teaching a client measures for healthy bones. Which of the following statements by
the client requires additional teaching?
A. "I will eat foods high in calcium."
B. "I will increase my fluid intake."
C. "I should participate in weight bearing exercises."
D. "I should get my vitamin D from the sunlight."
Answer: B
Increasing fluid does not promote healthy bones
9. A nurse is conducting a nutritional class to a group of newly licensed nurses. Which of the
following should be included in the teaching?
A. Limit saturated fat to 10% of total caloric intake.
B. Good bowel function requires 35 g/day of fiber for women.
C. Limit cholesterol consumption to 400 mg/day
D. Normal functioning cardiac systems depends on B-complex vitamins
Answer: A
10. A nurse is discussing essential nutrients for normal functioning of the nervous system. Which
of the following should be included in the teaching? Select all that apply.
A. Calcium
B. Thiamin
C. Vitamin B6
D. Sodium
E. Phosphorus
Answer: A, B, C, D
11. A school nurse is teaching a group of students how to read food labels. Which of the
following should be included in the teaching? Select all that apply.
A. Total carbohydrates
B. Total fat
C. Calories
D. Magnesium
E. Dietary fiber
Answer: A, B, C, E
12. Normal functioning of the nervous system depends on adequate levels of the B-complex
vitamins, especially: and also adequate levels of ____and _____for regulators of nerve
responses.
Answer: thiamin, niacin, vitamin B6 and B12 calcium and sodium
13. normal BMI:
Answer: 18.5-24.9
14. obesity BMI is classified as:
Answer: BMI greater than or equal to 30
15. Basic food choices for kosher, orthodox Judaism diets:
Answer: • meat
• no mixing meat and diary (cheeseburger)
• no pork or shellfish
• fish must have scales & fins to be kosher
16. A client who follows seventh-day Adventist dietary laws will eat a strict: They also avoid:
Answer: vegetarian diet, some are lacto-ovo, some are vegan.
they avoid alcohol, coffee, tea and caffeinated beverages.
17. A nurse is teaching a client who has cancer about appropriate food choices. The nurse
determines that the client understands the information when she chooses which of the following
snacks? Select all that apply.
A. Peanut butter sandwich on whole wheat bread w/2% milk
B. Popcorn w/soda
C. Yogurt topped w/granola & a banana
D. Meat lasagna w/buttered garlic bread
E. Plain baked potato
Answer: A, C, D
18. Three complications of TPN:
Answer: • Diarrhea
• Polyuria
• Hypocalciumia
19. What has more calcium yogurt or cheese?
Answer: yogurt
20. Niacin is found in sources such as:
Answer: • Beef
• liver
• nuts
• legumes
• whole-grain enriched breads and cereals
21. Two medications may be added to PN solutions however administering any IV medication
through a PN IV line or port is contraindicated. What are the two medications?
Answer: Heparin and insulin
22. Expected reference range for pre-albumin:
Answer: 23-43
23. Which of the following food choices is appropriate for a pt. with GERD? Select all that
apply.
A. Baked salmon
B. Skim milk
C. Orange juice
D. Decaffeinated tea
E. Eggs and salsa
Answer: A, B, D
24. For which disease/condition would the nurse teach the client about a gluten-free diet?
A. A 54 year old man with pancreatitis.
B. A 32 year old woman with celiac disease.
C. A 22 year old man with diverticulitis.
D. A 76 year old woman with breast cancer.
Answer: B.
Celiac disease is also known as gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE), celiac sprue, and gluten
intolerance. It is chronic & hereditary and the client should be instructed to avoid gluten.
25. Foods/beverages that are gluten-free include: (select all that apply)
A. Milk, cheese, dairy products
B. Beer
C. Fried Eggs
D. Baked potatoes
E. Fruits and vegetables
F. Whole wheat bread
Answer: A, C, D, E
26. A patient who has celiac disease should increase intake of what?
Answer: simple carbohydrates (fruits, veggies, milk, etc.)
27. A nurse is providing instructions to a client who has a new diagnosis of celiac disease. Which
of the following food choices by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
A. Potatoes
B. Graham crackers
C. Wild rice
D. Canned pears
Answer: B.
Graham crackers are made from wheat flour
All others are gluten-free
28. A client with what disease will be instructed to avoid foods with seeds or husks (corn,
popcorn, berries, tomatoes)?
Answer: diverticular
29. A nurse is providing instructions to a client who reports constipation & has a prescription for
a high-fiber, low-fat diet. Which of the following food choices by the client indicates
understanding of the teaching?
A. Peanut butter
B. Peeled apples
C. Hardboiled egg
D. Brown rice
Answer: D
30. A nurse is caring for a client post apply. The nurse verifies the postop prescription, which
reads "discontinue NPO status; advance diet as tolerated." Which of the following are
appropriate for the nurse to offer the client? Select all that apply.
A. Applesauce
B. Chicken broth
C. Sherbet
D. Wheat toast
E. Cranberry juice
Answer: B, E
A client postop will be on a clear liquid diet following surgery to transition as tolerated back to
normal diet. Cranberry juice and chicken broth are clear liquid selections.
31. A nurse is caring for a client who is on a full liquid diet due to dysphagia. Which of the
following nursing actions is the highest priority?
A. Add thickener to liquids.
B. Educate the client about acceptable liquids.
C. Perform a calorie count of consumed liquids.
D. Offer high-protein liquid supplements.
Answer: A this is highest priority to reduce the risk of aspiration
32. A nurse is performing dietary needs assessments for a group of clients. A blenderized liquid
diet is appropriate for which of the following clients? Select all that apply.
A. A client who has a wired jaw due to an MVA
B. A client who is 24 hr postop following temporomandibular joint repair
C. A client who has difficulty chewing due to a traumatic brain injury
D. A client who has hypercholesterolemia due to CAD
E. A client who is scheduled for a colonoscopy the next morning
Answer: A, B, C
33. A nurse is assessing a client who is postop following a colon resection. Which of the
following findings indicates that the client is ready to transition from NPO to oral intake?
A. Client report of hunger
B. Urinary output exceeding 30 mL/hr
C. Decrease in incisional pain
D. Passage of flatus
Answer: D
34. A nurse is assisting a client who has a prescription for a mechanical soft diet w/food
selections. Which of the following are appropriate selections by the client? Select all that apply.
A. Dried prunes
B. Ground turkey
C. Mashed carrots
D. Fresh strawberries
E. Cottage cheese
Answer: B, C, E
35. A nurse is teaching a client who is undergoing cancer treatment about interventions to
manage stomatitis. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of
the teaching?
A. "I will try chewing larger pieces of food."
B. "I will avoid toasting my bread."
C. "I will consume more food in the morning."
D. "I will add more citrus foods to my diet."
Answer: B.
Dry, coarse foods can increase the incidence/risk of stomatitis
36. Which of the following food choices by a client undergoing chemotherapy with presence of
stomatitis indicates a need for further teaching?
A. Small pieces of bananas
B. Cut up fresh orange & pineapple slices
C. Yogurt with granola
D. Meat lasagna
Answer: B
37. A nurse is caring for a client who has hypoglycemia. Which of the following is an appropriate
action by the nurse?
A. Offer crackers & cheese
B. Encourage sucking on 8 hard candies
C. Provide 8 oz of regular soda
D. Give juice w/table sugar
Answer: B
38. Which of the following are appropriate dietary choices for a client with cholecystitis? Select
all that apply.
A. Baked lightly-seasoned tilapia
B. Buttered steamed broccoli
C. Skim or 1% low fat milk
D. Whole wheat toast
E. Pasta with cream sauce and onions
Answer: A, C
39. Patients with gallstones, also known as cholecystitis, should avoid what in their diet?
Answer: FAT
40. A nurse is planning for an older adult client who is receiving treatment for malnutrition. The
client is scheduled for discharge to his home where he lives alone. Which of the following
actions are appropriate to include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.)
A. Consult social services to arrange home meal delivery
B. Encourage the client to purchase nonperishable boxed meals
C. Advise the client to purchase frozen fruits/veggies
D. Recommend drinking a supplement between meals
E. Educate the client on how to read nutrition labels
Answer: A, C, D, E
41. Older adult clients will need more ____and vitamin ___to help maintain bone health. The
may also be instructed to increase ____ in their diet.
Answer: calcium and vitamin D increase fiber
42. Older adults have decreased absorption of what three nutrients?
Answer: 1. Vitamin B12
2. Folic acid
3. Calcium
43. The soft diet is also known as the bland, low fiber diet and contains foods such as:
Answer: Whole foods that are low in fiber, lightly seasoned and easily digested.
44. Is it safe to take antibiotics while breastfeeding?
Answer: Yes, PO antibiotics are safe. Notify provider and finish entire course to reduce risk of
reoccurence. There is a slight transfer between breast milk though.
45. Food interactions with MAOIs include:
Answer: • tyramine-rich foods
• caffiene foods/beverages
46. A nurse is providing follow-up dietary teaching for a client who recently was prescribed
phenelzine (Nardil). When reviewing the client's dietary log, which of the following foods
requires a need for further teaching?
A. Cottage cheese
B. Banana bread
C. Apple pie
D. Grilled steak
Answer: B
47. Intermittent tube feeding formula set rate:
Answer: administered every 4-6 hr in equal portions of 200-300 mL over a 30-60 min time
frame, usually by gravity drip
48. Which type of tube feeding is often used in noncritical clients, home tube feedings, and
clients in rehabilitation?
Answer: intermittent tube feeding
49. What should the head of the bed be elevated at for tube feedings and for how long?
Answer: HOB at least 30 degrees and for during and after for 30-60 min to prevent aspiration
risk
50. How often should you obtain gastric residuals for a client receiving tube feedings?
Answer: every 4-6 hrs
51. When beginning a new prescription for enteral nutrition by intermittent tube feeding how
should you first initiate this feeding?
Answer: Increase the formula over the first 4 to 6 feedings until the prescribed volume is
achieved
52. A nurse is preparing to administer intermittent enteral feeding to a client who has
neuromuscular disorder. Which of the following are appropriate nursing interventions? Select all
that apply.
A. Fill the feeding bag w/24 hr worth of formula
B. Discard irrigation equipment after 24 hr
C. Leave unused portions of formula at the bedside
D. Label the unused portion of the formula
E. Replace administration tubing & feeding bag every 48 hr
Answer: B, D, E
53. Teach parents that they may switch their child to skim or 1% low fat milk after...
Answer: 2 years of age
54. A nurse is teaching a client who has pre-stage chronic kidney disease about dietary
management. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the instructions?
A. Restrict protein intake
B. Maintain a high-phosphorus diet
C. Increase intake of foods high in potassium
D. Limit dairy products to 1 cup per day
Answer: A
55. Major sources of dietary potassium (K):
Answer:
• oranges
• dried fruits
• tomatoes
• avocados
• dried peas
• meats
• broccoli
• bananas
56. Major sources of dietary chloride (Cl):
Answer: table salt
57. Major sources of dietary calcium (Ca):
Answer:
• dairy
• broccoli
• kale
• grains
• egg yolks
58. Major sources of dietary magnesium (Mg):
Answer: • green leafy vegetables
• nuts
• grains
• meat
• milk
59. Major sources of dietary phosphorus (P):
Answer: • dairy
• peas
• soft drinks
• meat
• eggs
• some grains
60. Major sources of dietary sulfur (S):
Answer: • dried
• fruits
• meats
• red and white wines
61. Major diet sources of vitamin A:
Answer: • orange/yellow colored foods
• liver
• dairy
62. Major diet sources of vitamin D
Answer: • fish
• fortified dairy products
• sunlight
63. Major diet sources of vitamin E
Answer: • vegetable oils
• grains
• nuts
• dark green vegetables
64. Major diet sources of vitamin K
Answer: • green
• leafy vegetables
• eggs
• liver
65. Major sources of vitamin C
Answer: citrus fruits and juices vegetables
66. Major sources of Thiamin (B1)
Answer: • meats
• grains
• legumes
67. Major sources of riboflavin (B2)
Answer: • milk
• meats
• green leafy vegetables
68. Major sources of niacin (B3)
Answer: • liver
• nuts
• legumes
69. Major sources of pantothenic acid (B5)
Answer: • organ meats
• egg yolk
• avocados
• broccoli
70. Major sources of pyridoxine (B6)
Answer: • organ
• meats
• grains
71. Major sources of folate
Answer: • liver
• green leafy vegetables
• grains
• legumes
72. Major sources of cobalamin (B12)
Answer: • organ
• meats
• clams
• oysters
• grains
73. Examples of high fiber foods:
Answer: • lentils
• lima beans
• black beans
• artichokes
• brussel sprouts
• broccoli
• raspberries & blackberries
• avocados
• pears
• bran
• whole wheat pasta
• oatmeal
• split peas
74. LDL expected range:
Answer: less than 130
75. HDL expected range
Answer: • 35-80 females
• 35-65 males
76. A client with fluid volume excess will have what expected lab values?
Answer: • increased Hct
• increased or decreased serum electrolytes
• increased protein
• decreased aldosterone
• increased excretion of sodium
• increased natriuretic peptides
• decreased BUN & creatinine
• decreased PaCO2
• increased pH
77. Manifestations of hypoglycemia:
Answer: • mild
• shakiness
• mental confusion
• sweating
• palpitations
• headache
• lack of coordination
• blurred vision
• seizures
• coma
78. A nurse is assessing a client who has hypoglycemia. Which of the following findings should
the nurse expect?
A. Fruity breath odor
B. Diaphoresis
C. Vomiting
D. Polyuria
Answer: B
79. Decreased sodium s/s:
Answer: • confusion
• headache
• nausea
• dizzy
• abdominal cramping
80. Increased sodium s/s:
Answer: • confusion
• thirst
• weakness
81. Increased phosphorus s/s:
Answer: • numbness/tingling
• tetany
• decreased calcium
82. Decreased potassium s/s:
Answer: • irregular HR
• muscle weakness
• leg cramping
• anorexia
83. Increased potassium s/s:
Answer: • dysryhthmias
• muscle weakness
84. Decreased chloride s/s:
Answer: • lack of emotion
• anorexia
• muscle cramping
85. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving TPN. The current bag of TPN is empty & a
new bag is not available on the unit. Which of the following solutions should the nurse infuse
until a new bag of TPN is available?
A. Dextrose in 10% water
B. 0.45% sodium chloride
C. Dextrose 5% in LR
D. 0.9% sodium chloride
Answer: A
To prevent hypoglycemia
86. A nurse is teaching about nutritional requirements for a client who is starting a vegetarian
diet. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Consume high-fat cheese to replace meats when on a vegetarian diet
B. A vegetarian diet is high in vitamin B12
C. Fewer calories are required when on a vegetarian diet
D. Include 2 servings per day of nuts when on a vegetarian diet
Answer: D.
To receive daily recommended intake of omega 3 fatty acids
87. A nurse is providing teaching about lowering solid fat intake to an adolescent who is
overweight. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A. "Limit egg yolks to a total of 5 per week."
B. "Restrict your daily meat intake to 5 oz."
C. "Select cheeses that contain no more than 6 g of fat per serving."
D. "Choose margarine that contains no more than 4 g of saturated fat per tablespoon."
Answer: B.
A meat portion should be restricted to no more than the size of a deck of cards.
88. A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has celiac disease. Which of the
following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A. "I can return to my normal diet after I follow this diet for 1 month."
B. "I can have tapioca pudding for dessert."
C. "I will choose canned soups that don't contain meat products."
D. "I will eat my sandwiches on whole wheat bread."
Answer: B
Tapioca doesn't contain gluten, all other choices do, diet is lifelong
89. A nurse is performing a comprehensive nutritional assessment for a client. After reviewing
the client's lab results, which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
A. WBC count of 6000/mm3
B. Sodium 139 mEq/L
C. Prealbumin 8 mg/dL
D. Thyroxine (t4) 9.2 mcg/dL
Answer: C
This indicates a critical level that indicates severe malnutrition
90. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has Parkinson's disease & a
prescription for levodopa-carbidopa. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the
client to consume w/the med?
A. 6 oz greek yogurt
B. 1 oz cheddar cheese
C. 6 peanut butter crackers
D. 1 slice wheat toast
Answer: D
This is the lowest protein option since the med effectiveness decreases w/protein absorption
91. A nurse is assessing a client's risk for pressure ulcers using the Braden scale. The client eats
more than half of most meals but occasionally refuses a meal. Which of the following
information should the nurse document on the nutrition category of the Braden scale?
A. 1 (very poor)
B. 2 (Probably Inadequate)
C. 3 (Adequate)
D. 4 (Excellent)
Answer: C.
92. A nurse is providing teaching about cancer prevention to a group of clients. Which of the
following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A. "I will eat 5 servings of fruits & veggies each day."
B. "I should limit my alcohol intake to a max of 3 drinks daily."
C. "I should eat more refined wheat & oat products."
D. "I will eat processed meats to achieve my required protein intake."
Answer: A
93. A nurse is caring for a client who has cirrhosis and ascites. Which of the following dietary
instructions should the nurse provide for this client?
A. "Decrease your sodium intake to 1-2 grams/day"
B. "Increase your daily fluid intake to 3 L/day"
C. "Consume 0.5 gram per kg of protein/day"
D. "Eliminate foods that contain vitamin K."
Answer: A
A client with cirrhosis should limit sodium intake to 2000 mg
94. A nurse is assessing a client who has type 2 DM. The nurse should recognize which of the
following as a manifestation of hypoglycemia?
A. Confusion
B. Polydipsia
C. Vomiting
D. Ketonuria
Answer: A
95. A nurse is an ED is reviewing the lab report for an older adult client who is confused &
reports nausea & abd. cramping. The nurse should suspect the client's lab results to indicate a
dietary deficiency of which of the following minerals?
A. Sodium
B. Phosphorus
C. Potassium
D. Chloride
Answer: A
Sodium deficit manifestations include: confusion, headache, adb cramping, and dizziness.
96. A nurse is teaching about dietary intake of micronutrients to a client who has difficulty seeing
at night. Which of the following micronutrients should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Vitamin A
B. Calcium
C. Vitamin B6
D. Phosphorus
Answer: A.
Vitamin A enables the eyes to adapt to dim lighting more rapidly at night, which improves night
vision.
97. A nurse is providing nutritional teaching to the parents of a 2-year-old toddler. Which of the
following snack foods should the nurse recommend?
A. 1 cup fruit gel bites
B. 1 cup yogurt
C. 1/2 of a hot dog
D. 1/2 of a peanut butter sandwich
Answer: B.
Good source of protein, little risk of choking
98. A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed captopril. The nurse is aware that which of the
following foods could cause a potential medication interaction?
A. Watermelon
B. Cantaloupe
C. Lettuce
D. Carrots
Answer: B.
Cantaloupe is high in potassium, the client on captopril should avoid foods high in potassium
99. A nurse is teaching an adolescent who has a new diagnosis of celiac disease. Which of the
following statements by the client indicates understanding of the teaching?
A. "I need to decrease the amount of oil I use in cooking."
B. "I need to eat fewer acidic foods, such as tomatoes & oranges."
C. "I need to eliminate rye from my diet."
D. "I need to eliminate milk products from my diet."
Answer: C.
Eating sources of gluten, such as rye or barley, increases manifestations of celiac disease
100. A nurse is providing dietary instructions for a client who has a prescription for warfarin.
Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend the client eat in moderation while
taking this med?
A. Green leafy vegetables
B. Whole grains
C. Fruits with skin
D. Nuts and seeds
Answer: A.
These have high vitamin K which can deplete the effects of warfarin, an anticoagulant
101. A nurse is creating a plan of care for a client who has anorexia nervosa. Which of the
following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?
A. Weight the client once weekly at the same time of the day.
B. Stay with the client for 30 min after meals
C. Allow the client to schedule mealtimes
D. Assign privileges based on direct weight gain
Answer: D
102. A nurse is creating a plan of care for a client who has mucositis following head & neck
radiation therapy for cancer. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the
plan?
A. Encourage 3 servings of citrus foods daily
B. Provide lemon-glycerin swabs for oral hygiene after meals
C. Increase fluid intake to 2 L/day
D. Heat oral hygiene mouth rinses before use
Answer: C.
103. A nurse is discussing dietary factors to assist in BP management for a client who has HTN.
Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A. "I can drink up to 3 glasses of wine/day."
B. "I should choose whole grain pastas when selecting my foods."
C. "I should decrease my consumption of foods high in potassium."
D. "I can eat dairy products because they do not have much sodium."
Answer: B
104. A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client who has dysphagia & is being discharged
home w/a prescription for a mechanical soft diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse
include in the plan?
A. Raisins
B. Skim milk
C. Apple slices
D. Mashed potatoes
Answer: D
105. A nurse is teaching an older adult client about measures to reduce the risk of osteomalacia.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Consume 20 mcg of vitamin D daily.
B. Avoid foods rich in antioxidants.
C. Increase intake of foods high in purine.
D. Take 150 mg of vitamin E daily.
Answer: A
106. A nurse is caring for a client who as a new prescription for PN containing a mixture of
dextrose, amino acids, & lipids. Prior to administration of the PN, the nurse should report which
of the following food allergies to the provider?
A. Gelatin
B. Peanuts
C. Shellfish
D. Eggs
Answer: D
107. A nurse is caring for a client who develops diarrhea while receiving a continuous enteral
tube feeding. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Provide a low-protein formula
B. Elevate the HOB to 30 deg.
C. Switch to intermittent feedings
D. Warm the formula to room temp
Answer: D.
A client can develop diarrhea if the formula is too cold.
108. A nurse in a clinic is reviewing the lab findings of a client who began a DASH diet
following a recent dx of HTN. Which of the following lab findings indicates the client has
reached 1 of the goals of the DASH diet?
A. Sodium 150 mEq/L
B. Chloride 106 mEq/L
C. Fasting glucose 130 mg/dL
D. Total cholesterol 190 mg/dL
Answer: D
109. A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney disease about limiting her calcium
intake. Which of the following food choices should the nurse inform the client contains the
highest amount of Ca & should be limited in her diet?
A. 1 cup low-fat yogurt
B. 1 oz cheddar cheese
C. 1 egg
D. 1/2 cup spinach
Answer: A
This contains about 314 mg per cup, spinach contains about 122 mg per cup, egg contains 25 mg,
cheddar cheese contains 214 mg per oz
110. A nurse is teaching a client about maximizing absorption when taking calcium supplements.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. "Take a supplement that contains vitamin D."
B. "Take the supplement w/a full glass of water."
C. "Take a 1000 mg supplement in the morning w/food."
D. "Take the supplement w/a sublingual vitamin B12 tablet."
Answer: A
111. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is at 24 weeks of gestation & reports
constipation. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? Select
all that apply.
A. Drink eight 240 mL (8 oz) glasses of water daily
B. Eat small amounts of food frequently
C. Increase daily fiber intake
D. Use a glycerin suppository every other day
E. Perform exercises regularly using large muscle groups
Answer: A, C, E
112. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has DM & an HbA1c of 8.7%. Which of the
following statements by the client indicates understanding of this lab value?
A. "I should have gone to my exercise class yesterday."
B. "This shows that my result is finally within normal range."
C. "This shows that I have not been following my diet."
D. "I should have my blood work done 1st thing in the morning."
Answer: C
113. A nurse is providing info to a client who has a new prescription for atorvastatin. Which of
the following beverages should the nurse include in the info as a contraindication for taking this
med?
A. Orange juice
B. Coffee
C. Grapefruit juice
D. Milk
Answer: C.
114. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving continuous enteral tube feedings. Which of
the following actions should the nurse take to prevent aspiration?
A. Monitor gastric residuals every 4 hr
B. Maintain elevation of the head of the bed at 15 deg.
C. Confirm proper tube placement by radiograph every 24 hr
D. Flush tubing w/30 mL water before and after meds
Answer: A
115. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is a vegetarian & requires an increase in zinc
intake. Which of the following foods is the best source of zinc?
A. Pineapple
B. Green grapes
C. Cauliflower
D. Pinto beans
Answer: D
116. A nurse is assessing the meal pattern of a client who has diverticular disease & a
prescription for a high-fiber diet. Which of the following food choices by the client contains the
most fiber?
A. 1 medium banana
B. 1/2 cup cooked oatmeal
C. 1 medium apple w/skin
D. 1/2 cup bran cereal
Answer: D
117. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is lactating about increasing her protein intake.
Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend as the best source of protein?
A. Legumes
B. Cottage cheese
C. Peanut butter
D. Whole grain cereal
Answer: B
118. A nurse is teaching an older adult client about nutritional recommendations. Which of the
following statements should the nurse make?
A. "You should increase your daily calorie intake."
B. "You should increase your daily protein intake."
C. "You receive an adequate amount of calcium from your diet, so a supplement is not
recommended."
D. "You receive an adequate amount of vitamin D from sun exposure, so it is not necessary to
take a supplement."
Answer: B
119. A nurse is evaluating a client who is receiving continuous enteral feeding & has diarrhea.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take to reduct the client's diarrhea?
A. Flush the client's feeding tube
B. Administer promethazine to the client
C. Decrease the rate of the feeding
D. Check the client's gastric residual
Answer: C
120. A nurse is providing dietary teaching for a client who is postop following gastric bypass.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A. Eat 6 small meals per day
B. Start each meal w/a protein
C. Complete each meal even if feeling full
D. Plan to eat each meal over 15 min
Answer: B
121. A nurse is caring for a client who has DM and reports feeling dizzy, weak, and shaky. Which
of the following is the priority action by the nurse?
A. Offer the client 180 mL (6 oz) of orange juice
B. Document the client's intake from the most recent meal
C. Teach the client about manifestations of hypoglycemia
D. Check the client's blood glucose level
Answer: D
122. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving radiation therapy. The client reports a metallic
taste in his mouth while eating. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Select all
that apply.
A. Provide 3 large meals/day
B. Offer citrus fruits
C. Suggest pickles as a snack
D. Rinse silverware prior to eating
E. Gargle w/mouthwash
Answer: B, C, E
123. A nurse is reviewing lab results of a client who is receiving continuous total parenteral
nutrition. Which of the following results should the nurse report to the provider?
A. Glucose 238 mg/dL
B. Potassium 4.7 mEq/L
C. Calcium 9.8 mg/dL
D. Sodium 140 mEq/L
Answer: A
124. A nurse is conducting dietary teaching for a group of women who are of childbearing age.
Which of the following food items should the nurse include as containing the highest amount of
folate?
A. 1/2 cup chickpeas
B. 3.5 oz chicken liver
C. 1 medium orange
D. 1 slice white bread
Answer: B
125. A nurse is caring for a client who has anemia & a new prescription for an iron supplement.
The nurse should recommend the client consume the supplement w/which of the following
beverages to increase absorption?
A. Protein shake
B. Skim milk
C. Tomato juice
D. Green tea
Answer: C
126. A nurse is teaching a client who reports constipation about ways to increase dietary intake
of fiber. Which of the following info should the nurse include?
A. Replace legumes w/broiled meats
B. Consume 1/2 cup bran/daily
C. Leave the skin on when eating fruit
D. Decrease fluid intake while increasing fiber
Answer: C
127. A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has a pressure ulcer. The client practices
Orthodox Judaism & strictly follows kosher dietary laws. Which of the following foods should
the nurse provide for this client?
A. Pork tenderloin
B. Cheeseburger
C. Clam chowder
D. Macaroni & cheese
Answer: D
128. A nurse is planning dietary interventions for a client who is prescribed external radiation for
laryngeal cancer. The client reports manifestations of stomatitis. Which of the following
interventions should the nurse include?
A. Provide meals at room temp
B. Offer the client additional seasonings for food
C. Instruct the client to eat citrus fruits at the beginning of the meal
D. Encourage the client to drink warm tomato juice in place of high-protein supplements
Answer: A
129. A nurse is performing a cultural assessment for a client whose religious practices include
fasting 1 day each week. Which of the following questions should the nurse ask the client? Select
all that apply.
A. "Are you exempt from fasting during illness?"
B. "Does fasting mean refraining from drinking liquids?"
C. "Does fasting occur during certain hours of the day?"
D. "Is vegetarianism a form of fasting?"
E. "Does fasting mean eating only a certain type of food?"
Answer: A, B, C, E
130. A community health nurse is planning to teach a class about weight management for
cardiovascular health. Which of the following statements should the nurse plan to make to the
participants?
A. "Limit your sodium intake to 1800 mg/day."
B. "Reduce your daily intake of foods that contain protein."
C. "Taking a daily multivitamin will prevent cardiovascular disease."
D. "Plan to lose weight gradually at 1/2 to 1 pound per week."
Answer: D
131. A nurse is providing teaching about proper eating techniques to a client who is experiencing
dysphagia following a stroke. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the
teaching? Select all that apply.
A. Tilt the head forward when swallowing.
B. Drink thin liquids through a straw.
C. Place food on the unaffected side of the mouth.
D. Take moderate bites when eating.
E. Limit disruptions during mealtime.
Answer: A, C, E
132. A nurse is reviewing the lab data of 4 clients. The nurse should identify that which of the
following clients is experiencing fluid overload?
A. A client who has an albumin level of 5.5 g/dL.
B. A client who has a urine specific gravity of 1.035.
C. A client who has a Hct of 55%.
D. A client who has a sodium level of 130 mEq/L.
Answer: D
133. A nurse is initiating an enteral feeding for a client who has chronic bronchitis. Which of the
following types of formula should the nurse anticipate administering to the client?
A. Low protein
B. High carb
C. High calorie
D. Low fat
Answer: C
134. A home health nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who had an open reduction
internal fixation of the tibia. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a risk
factor for impaired wound healing?
A. The client's Hgb is 15 g/dL.
B. The client's peripheral pulses are +3 distal to the affected extremity.
C. The client consumes 1000 k/cal daily.
D. The client takes zinc supplements.
Answer: C
135. A nurse is teaching a client who is preparing for bowel surgery about a low-residue diet.
Which of the following food choices by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A. 3 slices of bacon & oatmeal toast
B. Granola w/raisins & strawberries
C. Whole wheat french toast w/blueberries & maple syrup
D. 2 poached eggs & a banana
Answer: D
136. A nurse is caring for a client who is dehydrated & is receiving intermittent enteral feeding.
Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
A. Use a low-fat formula for admin
B. Chill the formula prior to admin
C. Provide the formula as a continuous infusion
D. Dilute the formula before admin
Answer: C
137. A nurse is calculating the daily protein allowance of a client who weighs 176 lb. The client's
daily protein allowance is 0.8 g/kg. How many grams of protein should the client consume per
day?
Answer: 64 g
138. A nurse is assessing a client who experienced a 5% weight loss in the past 30 days. Which
of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse identify as an indication of
malnutrition?
A. Moist skin
B. Ankle edema
C. Hyperreflexia
D. Dilated pupils
Answer: B
139. A nurse is caring for an infant who has a cleft lip & palate. In which of the following
positions should the nurse place the infant for bottle feeding?
A. Lateral
B. Football hold
C. Supine in the crib
D. Upright
Answer: D
140. A nurse is caring for a client who has acute IBD. Which of the following nutritional
supplements should the nurse anticipate providing to this client?
A. Hydrolyzed formula
B. Polymeric formula
C. Milk-based supplement formula
D. Modular product supplement formula
Answer: A
141. A nurse is caring for a client who has age-related macular degeneration (AMD) & asks the
nurse if there are any nutritional changes to consider. Which of the following responses should
the nurse make?
A. Use soy products as much as possible
B. Add niacin-rich foods to the diet
C. Increase dietary intake of lutein
D. Consume foods w/a high glycemic index
Answer: C (found in vitamin A)
142. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving continuous enteral feedings via NG tube. The
nurse notices that the tube feeding has stopped infusing. Which of the following actions is the
nurse's priority?
A. Change the formula
B. Change the tube
C. Notify the provider
D. Flush the tube w/warm water
Answer: D
143. normal BUN & creatinine
Answer: BUN = 7-20
mg/dL higher in men than women
Creat = 0.6-1.2
144. A nurse is assessing a client who has end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Which of the
following dietary habits increases the client's risk for dysrhythmias?
A. Consuming a low-fat diet
B. Eating a diet rich in potassium
C. Consuming a diet rich in protein
D. Eating a diet deficient in iron
Answer: B
145. A nurse is caring for a client who is at 8 weeks of gestation & has a BMI of 34. The client
asks about weight goals during her pregnancy. The nurse should advise the client to do which of
the following?
A. Maintain her current BMI.
B. Gain approximately 6.8 kg (15 lb).
C. Lower her BMI to 30.
D. Gain 12.7 to 15.8 kg (28-35 lb).
Answer: B
146. A client is experiencing anorexia r/t cancer tx. Which of the following interventions should
the nurse implement to increase the client's nutritional intake?
A. Recommend cooking aromatic foods to stimulate appetite.
B. Serve hot foods rather than cold foods.
C. Instruct the client to eat 3 meals per day
D. Add extra calories & protein to every meal.
Answer: D
147. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving TPN. Which of the following lab findings
indicates that the TPN therapy is effective?
A. Calcium 8 mg/mL
B. Hemoglobin 9 g/dL
C. Prealbumin 30 mg/dL
D. Cholesterol 140 mg/dL
Answer: C
Prealbumin is indicative to nutritional status
148. A nurse is teaching a female client about a healthy diet to control HTN. Which of the
following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A. "I will drink 2 glasses of whole milk daily."
B. "I will decrease the potassium in my diet."
C. "I will eat 4 servings of unsalted nuts per week."
D. "I will limit alcohol consumption to 2 drinks/day."
Answer: C
149. A nurse is updating a plan of care for a client who is receiving intermittent enteral feedings
& is experiencing diarrhea. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the
plan?
A. Discard the client's opened cans of formula within 48 hr.
B. Administer the client's formula cold.
C. Feed the client in small, frequent volumes
D. Consider a low-calorie formula for the client
Answer: C
150. A nurse is planning nutritional teaching for the parents of a toddler who has failure to thrive.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that
apply.)
A. Eliminate environmental disruptions during meals.
B. Stop the meal when the toddler exhibits negative behavior.
C. Provide 240 mL (8 oz) fruit juice in between meals.
D. Schedule meal times at the same time each day.
E. Allow the toddler to determine the length of the meal.
Answer: A, D
151. A nurse is providing diet teaching for a client who has osteoporosis. The nurse should
instruct the client that which of the following foods has the highest amount of calcium?
A. 1 cup avocado
B. 2 tablespoons peanut butter
C. 1/2 cup roasted sunflower seeds
D. 1/2 cup roasted almonds
Answer: D
152. A nurse is providing diet teaching for a client who has chronic skin ulcers of the lower
extremities. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend as containing the highest
amount of zinc?
A. 1 cup apple slices
B. 4 oz low-fat cottage cheese
C. 4 oz ground beef patty
D. 1 cup raw spinach
Answer: C
153. A client reports constipation during a routine checkup. The client was previously
encouraged to increase his intake of mineral supplements. Which of the following minerals
should the nurse identify as the cause of the constipation?
A. Phosphorus
B. Potassium
C. Magnesium
D. Calcium
Answer: D
154. A nurse is preparing to administer intermittent enteral tube feedings to a client. In what
order should the nurse perform the following actions before beginning the feeding?
A. Flush tubing w/30 mL water
B. Place the client in Fowler's position
C. Check the residual
D. Verify tube placement
Answer: B. Place the client in Fowler's position
D. Verify tube placement
C. Check the residual
A. Flush tubing w/30 mL water
155. A nurse is planning care for a client who is obese & wants to lose weight. Which of the
following actions should the nurse take 1st?
A. Recommend checking weight once weekly.
B. Obtain a 24-hr dietary recall.
C. Assist w/creating an exercise plan.
D. Initiate a diet modification plan.
Answer: B
156. A nurse in an acute care facility is planning care for a client who has chosen to follow
Islamic dietary laws during Ramadan. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to
take?
A. Place the client on NPO status during nighttime hours
B. Provide a snack for the client after sunset
C. Offer the client hot tea w/daytime meals
D. Allow the client to eat privately w/his family each day at 1300
Answer: B
157. A nurse in a provider's office is assessing a client who has HIV. The nurse should identify
which of the following findings as an indication to increase the client's nutritional intake?
A. T-helper (CD4+) cells 700/mm3
B. Presence of herpes simplex virus infection
C. HIV viral load below detectable levels
D. Increased lean body mass
Answer: B
158. A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has a new prescription for nifedipine. Which
of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?
A. Milk
B. Aged cheese
C. Grapefruit juice
D. Bananas
Answer: C
159. A nurse is providing nutritional counseling to a client who wants to lose weight. The nurse
should identify that which of the following statements indicates that the client understands the
counseling?
A. "I will taste my foods while I am cooking."
B. "I will exclude breads & pastries from my diet."
C. "I will make a list before I go grocery shopping."
D. "I will skip lunch if I am too busy to have something healthy."
Answer: C
160. A nurse is planning to provide dietary teaching to a client who has chronic kidney disease &
is prescribed hemodialysis. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take 1st?
A. Create a schedule for the client fluid intake.
B. Provide the client w/a list of foods that are high in sodium.
C. Determine whether the client has culture-related food preferences.
D. Explain the purpose of protein restriction in the diet.
Answer: C
161. A nurse is planning strategies to reduce the intake of solid fats for a client who has
hyperlipidemia. Which of the following strategies should the nurse include in the plan?
A. Choose cheese w/4 g of fat per serving.
B. Limit eating 4 eggs w/yolks per week.
C. Choose ground meat that is 75% lean.
D. Limit meat to 5 oz per day.
Answer: D
162. A nurse is developing an educational program about the glycemic index of foods for clients
who have DM. Which of the following foods should the nurse identify as having the highest
glycemic index?
A. Sweet corn
B. Macaroni
C. Baked potato
D. Peanuts
Answer: C
163. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new ileostomy. Which of the
following dietary guidelines should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Plan to reduce dietary salt intake.
B. Cook foods w/limited amounts of pasta products.
C. Prepare meals on a schedule.
D. Reduce dietary B12.
Answer: C
164. A nurse is providing to a client who has dumping syndrome & is experiencing weight loss.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Consume liquids between meals
B. Increase intake of simple carbohydrates
C. Decrease foods high in fat content
D. Eat meals low in protein
Answer: A
165. A nurse is planning discharge teaching for a client who is postoperative following placement
of a colostomy. Which of the following info should the nurse include?
A. "Resume a regular diet by 4 weeks after surgery."
B. "Add high-fiber foods to your diet."
C. "Increase your intake of foods containing pectin."
D. "Drink 4-6 cups of water per day."
Answer: C
166. A nurse is teaching a client about managing IBS. Which of the following info should the
nurse include in the teaching?
A. Increase intake of fresh fruit high in fructose
B. Limit foods that contain probiotics
C. Take peppermint oil during exacerbation of manifestations
D. Substitute white sugar w/honey
Answer: C
167. A nurse is reviewing the lab results of a client who has a pressure ulcer. Which of the
following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is at risk for impaired wound
healing?
A. Hgb 15 g/dL
B. Serum albumin 3.0 g/dL
C. Prothrombin time 11.5 sec
D. WBC 6000/mm3
Answer: B
168. Chronic kidney disease question:
Answer: creatinine (3.5 might be the level, norm is 0.6-1.2ish)
169. Antidote for Warfarin=
Answer: Vitamin K
170. Diet for disequilibrium syndrome/nausea (vertigo) question:
Answer: low fat, low carb
171. Best source of protein food:
Answer: cheese
172. Good iron sources for vegetarians:
Answer: dried beans
173. HDL levels
Answer: normal is 40-59 (higher for men)
174. LDL levels
Answer: less than 100 is best
175. Total cholesterol levels
Answer: normal is less than 200
176. normal Hct
Answer: 34-50% higher in men than women
177. normal BUN & creatinine
Answer: BUN = 80-140
higher in men than women
Creat = 0.6-1.2
178. normal prealbumin and albumin
Answer: prealbumin=23-43
albumin=3.5-5.0
179. Pt is obese & wants to lose weight, what is the 1st thing a nurse should do?
Answer: identify client's motivation
180. Cheese is a ____ protein.
Answer: complete
181. Gelatin is a ______ protein.
Answer: incomplete
182. Salmon is a ______ protein.
Answer: complete
183. % of total daily protein should be:
Answer: 12-20%
184. % of total fat in diet should be, sat fats?
Answer: 30%, sat fats less than 10%
