2022 ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam
1. A nurse is teaching a female client about a healthy diet to control hypertension. Which of the
following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A) "I will drink two glasses of whole milk daily"
B) "I will decrease the potassium in my diet"
C) "I will eat four servings of unsalted nuts per week"
D) "I will limit alcohol consumption to two drinks per day"
Answer: "I will eat four servings of unsalted nuts per week"
Explanation: A client should eat low-fat dairy, have diet enriched with potassium, and
limitations should be set on alcoholic drinks.
2. A nurse is assessing a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following findings should
the nurse identify as manifestation of hypoglycemia.
A) Diaphoresis
B) Bradycardia
C) Abdominal cramps
D) Acetone breath
Answer: Diaphoresis
Explanation: Sweating, tachycardia, fatigue, hunger, pale skin are all symptoms of
hypoglycemia
3. A nurse is providing treatment for a client who has a new prescription for nifedipine. Which of
the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?
A) Milk
B) Aged cheese
C) Grapefruit juice
D) Bananas
Answer: Grapefruit juice
Explanation: Drinking grapefruit juice while on this medication can result in increased risk for
adverse effects
4. A nurse is teaching a client about stress management. Which of the following statements by a
client should indicate to the nurse that the client understands the teaching?
A) "I will take a long walk every evening"
B) "I will keep a daily diet and activity log"
C) "I will avoid eating one hour before bedtime"
D) "I will drink one full glass of water with each meal"
Answer: "I will take a long walk every evening"
Explanation: Exercise can create relaxation and reduces stress. Keeping a daily activity log can
cause awareness of how the person eats and weighs causing stress. A person should avoid eating
2-3 hours before bed. Drinking a full glass of water will promote fullness not reduce stress.
5. A nurse is providing dietary teaching for a client who has chronic skin ulcers of the lower
extremities. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend as containing the highest
amount of zinc?
A) I cup apple slices
B) 4 oz low-fat cottage cheese
C) 4 oz ground beef patty
D) 1 cup raw spinach
Answer: 4 oz ground beef patty
Explanation: Ground beef patty contains 5.49 mg of zinc, making it the best choice
6. A nurse is providing dietary teaching about reducing the risk of infection to a client who has
cancer and is receiving chemotherapy. Which of the following statements made by the client
indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A) "I will thaw my food at room temperature"
B) "I will discard my leftovers after three days"
C) "I should use home canned goods within 2 years of canning"
D) "I should heat my food to at least 120 degrees Fahrenheit"
Answer: "I will discard my leftovers after three days"
Explanation: Foods should be thawed in the fridge, leftovers should be thrown out after 3-4
days, canned goods should be eaten within a year, and food should be heated to at least 140
degrees
7. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition. Which of the following
laboratory findings indicates that TPN therapy is effective?
A) Calcium 8 mg/ml
B) Hemoglobin 9 g/dl
C) Prealbumin 30 mg/dl
D) Cholesterol 140 mg/dl
Answer: Prealbumin 30 mg/dl
8. A nurse in a clinic is reviewing the laboratory findings of a client who has type 2 diabetes
mellitus. Which if the following findings indicates the client's plan of care is effective?
A) Serum creatinine 1.5 mg/dl
B) BUN 25 mg/dl
C) hbA1c 6.5%
D) Pre-meal blood glucose 145 mg/dl
Answer: hbA1c 6.5%
Explanation: Any test less than 7% is effective
9. A nurse is providing dietary teaching for a client who has COPD. Which of the following
instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
A) Eat at least three well-proportioned, large meals a day
B) Drink low-protein, low-calorie nutrition formulas between meals
C) Avoid adding gravies and sauces to foods
D) Consume foods that are soft in texture and easy to chew
Answer: Consume foods that are soft in texture and easy to chew
Explanation: Client's who have COPD do not have the energy to eat three large meals and
should eat six small meals throughout the day, they should drink high protein and high calorie
formulas, they should add gravy to help prevent dry mouth, and foods that are hard to chew will
cause SOB
10. A nurse is providing information regarding breastfeeding to the parents of a newborn. Which
of the following statements should the nurse make?
A) "Breast milk is nutritionally complete for an infant up to six months of age
B) "Iron-fortified infant formulas are nutritionally inferior to breast milk
C) Supplement water is need to provide adequate fluid intake
D) Use whole cow's milk if you discontinue breastfeeding in the first year
Answer: Breast milk is nutritionally complete for an infant up to six months of age
11. A home health nurse is providing dietary teaching to the parents of a 3-year-old child. Which
of the following statements by the parents should the nurse identify as understanding of the
teaching?
A) "I will offer my child a cup of peanut butter to dip her celery in"
B) "I can leave her grapes whole so she can practice getting them with her fork
C) "I can give her popcorn as a snack to provide a serving of whole grains
D) I will put low-fat milk in her cup to drink
Answer: I will put low-fat milk in her cup to drink
Explanation: Peanut butter, popcorn and grapes can cause a choking hazard, whole milk can be
switched to low-fat after age 2
12. A nurse is teaching a client about managing irritable bowel syndrome. Which of the
following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
A) Increase intake of fresh fruit high in fructose
B) Limit foods that contain probiotics
C) Take peppermint oil during exacerbation of manifestations
D) Substitute white sugar with honey
Answer: Take peppermint oil during exacerbation of manifestations
Explanation: Fresh fruit can cause increase of manifestations, probiotics can cause an increase
in bacteria, honey is high in fructose and is difficult to absorb, peppermint helps soothe and relax
the muscles of the GI tract
13. A nurse is leading a discussion at a prenatal education class with a group of expectant
mothers who plan to breastfeed. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in
the teaching?
A) Offer supplemental formula until the milk supply is established
B) Offer the newborn 30 ml of glucose water after the first breastfeeding session
C) Plan to breastfeed the newborn every four hours
D) Plan five minute feedings on each breast during the first day after birth
Answer: Plan five minute feedings on each breast during the first day after birth
Explanation: Avoid using supplemental formula because this can confuse the newborn, do not
give baby anything other than breast milk, newborns feed about 8-12 times a day
14. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving continuous enteral feedings via an NG tube.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take to reduce the risk for aspiration if the client
develops abdominal distension?
A) Place the client on bed rest
B) Position the client on his right side
C) Increase the rate for 30 min then clamp the tube for 30 min
D) Switch the client to a higher-fat formula
Answer: Position client on his right side
Explanation: This helps move gastric juices through the system, helping the client move can
promote peristalsis, increasing the rate will make the distension worse, and a high-fat formula
will cause distension and bloating
15. A nursing is providing teaching to a client who reports nausea during pregnancy. Which of
the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A) "I should drink liquids with meals"
B) "I will eat dry cereal before I get out of bed"
C) "I will increase my fat content in my diet"
D) "I should drink a hot cup of tea in between meals"
Answer: I will eat dry cereal before I get out of bed
Explanation: Drinking liquids with meals can cause abdominal distension, dry cereal can be
absorbed quickly and raise blood sugars reducing nausea, high-fat content in diet can cause delay
in gastric emptying time, and the client should avoid caffeinated drinks that can cause heartburn
16. A nurse is teaching a client who is newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus how to
count carbohydrates. Which of the following statements made by the client indicates the
understanding of the teaching?
A) "I am including vegetables as starch items in my carbohydrate count
B) "I am limiting the number of carbohydrates to four carbohydrates to four carbohydrate
choices or 60 grams per day"
C) "I know the serving size can affect the number of carbohydrates I eat"
D) "I know the carbohydrate count is dependent on the calorie in the food items"
Answer: I know the serving size can affect the number of carbohydrates I eat
Explanation: The nurse should teach the client between starchy and non starchy vegetables, 45
grams are usually allowed during a meal (three to five carb choices), carbohydrate count is not
dependent on calorie count
17. A nurse is preparing to administer intermittent enteral tube feedings to a client. In what order
should the nurse perform the following actions before beginning feeding?
1. Flush tubing with 30 ml of water
2. Place the client in Fowler's position
3. Check residual
4. Verify tube placement
Answer: 2. Place client in Fowler's position, 4. Verify tube placement, 3. Check residual, 1.
Flush tubing with 30 ml of water
18. A nurse is caring for an adolescent who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following
actions should the nurse take to assess for Somogyi phenomenon?
A) Monitor blood glucose levels during the night
B) Check for urinary ketones at the same time each day for 1 week
C) Perform an oral glucose tolerance test after administering a dose of insulin
D) Compare current glycosylated hemoglobin level with the level at the time of diagnosis
Answer: Monitor blood glucose levels during the night
Explanation: Somogyi phenomenon is elevated blood sugars in the morning, checking them at
night can help prevent
19. A client reports constipation during a routine check up. The client was previously encouraged
to increase his intake of mineral supplements. Which of the following minerals should the nurse
identify as the cause of constipation?
A) Phosphorus
B) Potassium
C) Magnesium
D) Calcium
Answer: Calcium
Explanation: Calcium decreases peristalsis
20. A nurse is planning dietary teaching for a client who has dumping syndrome following a
gastrectomy. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the client's plan of
care?
A) Use simple sugars to sweeten food
B) Remain upright for one hour following meals
C) Limit eating three large meals per day
D) Select grains with less than 2 g fiber per serving
Answer: Select grains with less than 2 g fiber serving
Explanation: Selecting grains with low fiber can help slow gastric emptying time allowing food
to sit and digest longer in the stomach
21. A nurse is developing an educational program about the glycemic index of foods for clients
who have diabetes mellitus. Which of the following foods should the nurse identify as having the
highest glycemic index?
A) Sweet corn
B) Macaroni
C) Baked potato
D) Peanuts
Answer: Baked potato
22. A nurse in a clinic is providing nutritional counseling to a client who wants to lose weight.
The nurse should identify that which of the following statements indicates the client understands
the counseling?
A) "I will taste my foods while I am cooking"
B) "I will exclude breads and pastries from my diet"
C) "I will make a list before I go grocery shopping"
D) "I will skip lunch if I am too busy to have something healthy"
Answer: I will make a list before I go grocery shopping
23. A nurse is reviewing laboratory findings of a client who has acute pancreatitis. Which of the
following is an expected finding?
A) Increased serum calcium
B) Decreased serum bilirubin
C) Increased serum glucose
D) Decreased serum alkaline phosphatase
Answer: Increased serum glucose
Explanation: Due to decreased insulin production from pancreas, the glucose levels will rise..
The nurse should anticipate the rest of the answers with this diagnosis
24. A nurse is performing dietary teaching with a client who has a family history of
cardiovascular disease. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the
teaching?
A) "Restrict your dietary potassium intake"
B) "Increase your dietary fiber intake"
C) "Increase your intake of trans fatty acids"
D) "Restrict your protein intake"
Answer: Increase your dietary fiber intake
Explanation: Increasing fiber can help reduce cholesterol levels, increase potassium can help
prevent hypertension, increased fatty acids can increase risk of heart disease, increased protein
can help prevent hypertension
25. A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has a pressure ulcer. Which if the
following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is at risk for impaired wound
healing?
A) Hgb 15 g/dl
B) Serum Albumin 3.0 g/dl
C) Prothrombin time 11.5 seconds
D) WBC 6,000/mm3
Answer: Serum Albumin 3.0 g/dl
Explanation: Serum albumin range is 3.5-5.0, anything less will decrease wound healing
26. A nurse is assessing a client who is suspected of having lactose intolerance. Which of the
following is an expected finding?
A) Flatulence
B) Bloody stools
C) Hyperemesis
D) Steatorrhea
Answer: Flatulence
27. A nurse in a long term care facility is monitoring a client who has Parkinson's disease during
mealtime. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a priority?
A) The client eats all his cake and a few bites of bread
B) The client drools while eating
C) The client's hand trembles when he holds his spoon
D) The client chooses to sit alone during the meal
Answer: The client drools while eating
Explanation: Drooling could lead to a great risk of aspiration
28. A nurse is updating a plan of care for a client who is receiving intermittent enteral feedings
and is experiencing diarrhea. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in
the plan of care?
A) Discard the client's opened cans of formula within 48 hours
B) Administer the client's formula cold
C) Feed the client in small, frequent volumes
D) Consider a low-calorie formula for the client
Answer: Feed the client in small, frequent volumes
29. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition through a peripherally
inserted canal catheter. The pharmacist informs the nurse that there will be a delay in delivering
the next bag of TPN solution. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A) Slow the rate of the current infusion
B) Infuse 0.9% sodium chloride when the current infusion ends
C) Infuse dextrose 10% in water when current infusion ends
D) Remove tubing and flush the access device when the current infusion ends
Answer: Infuse dextrose 10% in water when current infusion ends
30. A nurse in an acute care facility is planning care for a client who has chosen to follow Islamic
dietary laws during Ramadan. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
A) Place the client on NPO status during nighttime hours
B) Provide a snack for the client after sunset
C) Offer the client hot tea with daytime meals
D) Allow the client to eat privately with his family each day at 1300
Answer: Provide a snack for the client after sunset
31. A nurse is providing education to an adolescent about making nutrition-dense food choices.
Which of the following indications of the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A) "Pasta with white sauce is a better choice than pasta with red sauce"
B) "Sweetened fruit yogurt is a healthy breakfast choice"
C) Canned pinto beans are a better choice than refried beans
D) Sausage is a healthy choice of protein
Answer: Canned pinto beans are a better choice than refried beans
32. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has Crohn's disease. Which of the following
statements by the client indicates understanding of the teaching?
A) "I will take a fiber supplement daily"
B) "I will eat eggs for breakfast"
C) "I will drink whole milk"
D) "I will eat canned fruits as a daily"
Answer: I will eat eggs for breakfast
Explanation: Crohn's patients want a low-fiber, high-protein diet
33. A nurse is caring for a client who is at eight weeks gestation and has a BMI of 34. The client
asks about weight goals during her pregnancy. The nurse should advise the client to do which of
the following?
A) Maintain her current BMI
B) Gain approximately 15 pounds
C) Lower her BMI 30
D) Gain 12.5 to 15.8 kg
Answer: Gain approximately 15 pounds
34. A nurse is planning to provide dietary teaching to a client who has chronic kidney disease and
is prescribed hemodyalysis. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take first?
A) Create a schedule for the client to limit fluid intake
B) Provide the client with a list of foods that are high in sodium
C) Determine whether the client has culture-related food preferences
D) Explain the purpose of protein restriction in the diet
Answer: Determine whether the client has culture-related food preferences
35. A nurse is caring for a client who is being treated for cancer using chemotherapy. Which of
the following interventions should the nurse suggest to aid in management of treatment-related
changes in taste?
A) Use plastic utensils
B) Limit fluids with meals
C) Serve meals while they are hot
D) Eat bland, unseasoned foods
Answer: Use plastic utensils
36. A nurse is planning care for a client who has a new prescription for enteral nutrition by
intermittent tube feeding. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of
care?
A) Use cooled formula for feeding
B) Initiate the feeding at half-strength for the first 24 hours
C) Administer the feeding over ten minutes
D) Increase the volume for formula over the first four to six feedings
Answer: Increase the volume of formula over the first four to six feedings
37. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new ileostomy. Which of the
following dietary guidelines should the nurse include in the teaching?
A) Plan to reduce dietary salt intake
B) Cook foods with limited amounts of pasta products
C) Prepare meals on a schedule
D) Reduce dietary B12
Answer: Prepare meals on a schedule
38. A nurse is planning discharge teaching for a client who is postoperative following placement
of colostomy. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
A) "Resume a regular diet by 4 weeks after surgery"
B) "Add high-fiber foods to your diet"
C) "Increase your intake of foods containing pectin"
D) "Drink 4 to 6 cups of water per day"
Answer: "Increase your intake of foods containing pectin"
39. A client is experiencing anorexia related to cancer treatment. Which of the following
interventions should the nurse implement to increase the client's nutritional intake?
A) Recommend cooking aromatic foods to stimulate appetite
B) Serve hot foods rather than cold foods
C) Instruct the client to eat three meals per day
D) Add extra calories and protein to every meal
Answer: Add extra calories and protein to every meal
40. A nurse is teaching a client who is overweight about nutritional recommendations during
pregnancy. The nurse should identify that which of the following statements by the client
indicates an understanding of teaching?
A) "I should take an iron supplement during pregnancy"
B) "I should reduce my protein intake during pregnancy"
C) "I should gain about 30 pounds during pregnancy"
D "I should increase my fat intake during pregnancy"
Answer: I should take an iron supplement during pregnancy
41. A nurse is assessing an older adult client for dysphagia following a stroke. The nurse should
identify which of the following findings as a manifestation of dysphagia?
A) The client reports abdominal pain after eating
B) The client has an increase in bowel sounds after eating
C) The client has a loss of appetite
D) The client has a change in his voice after eating
Answer: The client has a change in his voice after eating
42. A nurse is providing teaching regarding diet modifications to a client who is at high risk for
cardiovascular disease. The client is accustomed to traditional Mexican foods and wants to
continue to include them in her diet. Which if the following recommendations should the nurse
give the client?
A) Use canola oil instead of lard for frying
B) Use soy milk instead of using cow's milk
C) Use vegetables in salads rather than soups
D) Limit ground beef intake to 8 oz per day
Answer: Use canola oil instead of lard for frying
43. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition and is prescribed an
oral diet. The client asks the nurse why the TPN is being continued since he is now eating.
Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?
A) "Your blood glucose levels need to be within normal range before the parenteral nutrition can
be stopped
B) "You should consume at least 60 percent of your calories orally before the parenteral nutrition
can be discontinued
C) You should have a weight gain of at least 1 kilogram per day before the therapy is stopped
D) Your bowel movements need to be regular before the therapy can be discontinued
Answer: You should consume at least 60 percent of your calories orally before TPN can be
discontinued
44. A nurse in a provider's office is assessing a client who has HIV. The nurse should identify
which of the following findings as an indication to increase the client's nutritional intake?
A) T-helper (CD4+) cells 700/mm3
B) Presence of herpes simplex virus
C) HIV viral load below detectable levels
D) Increased lean body mass
Answer: Presence of herpes simplex virus infection
45. A nurse is assessing a client who has an elevated blood pressure, headache, and is sweating.
The client recently started taking an MAOI. The nurse should question the client regarding the
consumption of which of the following foods.
A) Grapefruit juice
B) Whole milk
C) Whole grain bread
D) Cheddar cheese
Answer: Cheddar cheese
46. A nurse is administering a continuous feeding at 60 ml/hr with 50 ml of water every 4 hours.
What should the nurse document as the total ml of enteral fluid administered during the 8 hour
shift?
Answer: 580 ml
47. A nurse is educating a group of women about vitamin and mineral intake during pregnancy.
Which of the following should the nurse instruct the women to avoid taking at the same time as
iron supplements?
A) Magnesium
B) Vitamin b12
C) Vitamin A
D) Calcium
Answer: Calcium
48. A nurse is assisting a client who has dysphagia with an oral feeding. Which of the following
actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply)
1. Gently palpate the client's throat during swallowing
2. Position the client in a semi-Fowler's position at 45 degrees
3. Inspect for food pockets in the mouth before feeding
4. Allow the client to rest for 30 minutes before meals
5. Hyperextend the client's neck during swallowing
Answer: Gently palpate the client's throat during swallowing, inspect for food pockets in the
mouth before feeding, and allow client to rest for 30 minutes before meals
49. A nurse is providing information about cardiovascular risk to a client who has received his
lipid panel report. Which of the following is within an expected reference range to include this
information?
A) Total cholesterol 210 mg/dl
B) HDL 79 mg/dl
C) Triglycerides 175 mg/dl
D) LDL 137 mg/dl
Answer: HDL 79 mg/dl
50. A nurse is planning strategies to reduce the intake of solid fats for a client who has
hyperlipidemia. Which of the following strategies should the nurse include in the plan?
A) Choose cheese with 4 g of fat per serving
B) Limit eating four eggs with yolks per week
C) Choose eating ground meat that is 75% lean
D) Limit meat to 5 oz per day
Answer: Limit meat to five ounces per day
51. A nurse is providing dietary teaching for a client who has osteoporosis. The nurse should
instruct the client that which of the following foods has the highest amount of calcium?
A) 1 cup avocado
B) 2 tablespoons peanut butter
C) 1/2 cup roasted sunflower seeds
D) 1/2 cup roasted almonds
Answer: 1/2 cup roasted almonds
52. A nurse is caring for a client who practices Orthodox Judaism and adheres to a kosher diet.
Which of the following food choices would be appropriate for this client?
A) Vegetable salad with cheese
B) Lean cuts of pork
C) Turkey and cheese on rye bread
D) Shrimp salad and crackers
Answer: Vegetable salad with cheese
53. A nurse is teaching a client who has a prescription for ferrous sulfate about food interactions.
Which of the following statements indicates that the client understands the teaching?
A) "I can take this medication with juice"
B) " I can take this medication with eggs at breakfast"
C) "I will drink low-fat milk when taking this medication"
D) "I will take this medication with my coffee"
Answer: "I can take this medication with juice"
54. A nurse is reviewing the introduction of solid foods with the parent of a 4-month-old infant.
Which if the following statements by the parent indicates an understand of the teaching?
A) "My baby should consume 2 tablespoons of solid food at each feeding"
B) "The majority of my baby's calories should come from solid food"
C) "I will give my baby one bottle of fruit juice every day"
D) "I will introduce a new solid food every 5 days"
Answer: "I will introduce a new solid food every 5 days"
55. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has dumping syndrome and is experiencing
weight loss. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
A) Consume liquids between meals
B) Increase the intake of simple carbohydrates
C) Decrease foods high in fat content
D) Eat meals low in protein
Answer: Consume liquids in between meals
56. A nurse is planning care for a client who is obese and wants to lose weight. Which of the
following actions should the nurse take first?
A) Recommend checking weight once weekly
B) Obtain a 24-hour dietary recall
C) Assist with creating an exercise plan
D) Initiate a diet modification plan
Answer: Obtain a 24-hour dietary recall
57. A nurse is planning nutritional teaching for the parents of a toddler who has failure to thrive.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that
apply)
1. Eliminate environmental disruptions during meals
2. Stop the meal when the toddler exhibits negative behavior
3. Provide 240 ml of fruit juice in between meals
4. Schedule meals the time same time each day
5. Allow the toddler to determine the length of the meal
Answer: Eliminate enviromental disruptions during meals and schedule meal times at the same
time each day
58. A nurse is preparing a healthy promotion seminar for a group of clients about cancer
prevention. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the seminar?
A) Consume high-calorie foods and beverages at meal time
B) Eat at least 2.5 cups of fruit and vegetables each day
C) Plan to perform moderate-intensity exercise for 90 minutes a week
D) Limit alcohol consumption to no more than three drinks per week
Answer: Eat at least 2.5 cups of fruits and vegetables each day
59. A nurse is teaching a client about dietary recommendations during pregnancy. Which of the
following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A) "I should avoid a vegetarian diet during pregnancy"
B) "I should decrease my intake of protein during pregnancy"
C) "I should increase my fat intake during pregnancy"
D) "I should gain 30 pounds during pregnancy, since I am at average weight"
Answer: "I should gain 30 pounds during pregnancy, since I am at an average weight"
60. A nurse is caring for a client who has advanced Parkinson's disease and dysphagia. Which of
the following actions should the nurse take?
A) Turn the television on to distract the client during meals
B) Give the client fluids to clear his mouth of solid foods during meals
C) Offer the client a high-calorie diet
D) Encourage the client to maintain a low-Fowler's position following meals
Answer: C) Offer the client a high-calorie diet
61. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The current
bag of TPN is empty and a new bag is not available on the unit. Which of the following solutions
should the nurse infuse until a new bag of TPN is available?
Answer: Dextrose 10% in water
B/c - at the same rate it will prevent hypoglycemia a nurse is teaching about nutritional
requirements for a client who is starting a vegetarian diet.
62. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Answer: include two servings per day of nuts when on a vegetarian diet: or flaxseed to receive
daily requirement of omega 3 fatty acids
63. A nurse is providing teaching about lowering solid fat intake to an adolescent who is
overweight. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Answer: restrict you daily meat intake to 5 ounces : a meat potion should be no greater than the
size of a deck of cards.
fun facts: limit egg yolk consumption to 3 per week
select cheeses that contain no more than 3 g of fat per serving
choose margarine no more than 2 g of saturated fat per tablespoon
64. A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has celiac disease. Which of the
following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Answer: I can have tapioca pudding for dessert ; b/c its gluten free
facts: should avoid processed foods including canned soups b/c they have gluten and whole
bread
65. A nurse is preforming a comprehensive nutritional assessment for a client. after reviewing the
clients lab results which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
Answer: pre albumin 8 mg ; indicates severe malnutrition and requires reporting to the provider
a low T4 level can indicate hypothyroidism or protein malnutrition
low sodium level = malnutrition
elevated WBC dietary deficiencies
66. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has parkinson disease and a
prescription for levodopa carbidopa. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the
client to consume with the medication ?
Answer: 1 slice wheat toast : absorption of levodopa + carbidopa decreases when consumed
with protein.
one slice of toast is the lowest source of protein
Only $1/month
67. A nurse is assessing a clients risk for pressure ulcers using the Braden Scale. The client eats
more than half of most meals but occasionally refuses a meal. Which of the following
information should the nurse document on the nutrition category of the Braden scale?
Answer: adequate - 3
68. A nurse is providing teaching about cancer prevention to a group of clients. Which of the
following client statements indicates and understanding of the teaching?
Answer: I will eat 5 servings of fruit and veggies everyday - decreases blood pressure and
weight
Facts; woman 1 men 2 alcoholic drinks a day
69. A nurse is caring for a client who has cirrhosis and ascites. which of the following dietary
instructions should the nurse provide for this client?
Answer: decrease your sodium intake to 1-2 grams a day. This decreases fluid retention
70. A nurse is assessing a client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should recognize
which of the following as a manifestation of hypoglycemia?
Answer: confusion
facts:
polydipsia - excessive this or drinking
vomiting
ketonuria-starvation or diabetes 1 - body is producing excess amount of ketones in urine.
is all for hyperglycemia
71. A nurse is in the ER reviewing the lab report for an older adult client who is confused and
reports nausea and abdominal cramping. Nurse should suspect the clients lab results to indicate a
dietary deficiency of which of the following minerals?
Answer: sodium
72. A nurse is teaching about increasing dietary intake of micronutrients to a client who has
difficulty seeing at night. which micronutrients should nurse include in teaching?
Answer: Vitamin A - enables eyes to adapt to light
calcium facilitates nerve transmission and cell membrane permeability
Vitamin B6 assists in formation of hemoglobin and synthesis of neurotransmitters
phosphorus assists in formation of bones and teeth
73. A nurse is providing nutritional teaching to parents of 2 yr old. Which snack should she
recommend?
Answer: a cup of yogurt
74. A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed captopril. which food can cause a potential
medication interaction?
Answer: cantaloupe - high in potassium
75. A nurse is teaching an adolescent who has a new diagnosis of celiac disease. what indicates
that they understand teaching?
Answer: need to eliminate rye from diet
76. A nurse is providing diet instructions to a client who has a prescription for warfarin. Which
of he following foods should the nurse recommend the client eat in moderation while taking this
medication?
Answer: green leafy veggies - they contain natural for of vitamin K the can negate the
anticoagulation effects of warfin
77. A nurse is creating a plan of care for a client who has anorexia nervosa. Which intervention
should she include?
Answer: assign privileges based on direct weight gain
78. A nurse is creating a plan of care for a client who has mucositis following head and neck
radiation therapy for cancer. Which intervention should she include?
Answer: increase fluid intake to 2 L per day : to promote hydration and peristalsis
Only $1/month
79. A nurse is discussing dietary factors to assist in blood pressure management for a client who
has hypertension. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the
teaching?
Answer: I should choose whole grain pastas when selecting my foods.
Have ingredients that lower the risk of cardio vascular disease and improvement of blood
pressure
Facts: increased potassium levels decrease blood pressure levels - client should increase the
consumption of food containing potassium
80. A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client who has dysphagia and is being discharged
home with a prescription for a mechanical soft diet. Which of the following foods should the
nurse include in the plan?
Answer: mashed potatoes
81. A nurse is teaching an older adult client about measures to reduce the risk of osteomalacia.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Answer: consume 20 mpg of Vitamin D daily
82. A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for parenteral nutrition containing a
mixture of dextrose amino acids and lipids. Prior to administration of the PN the nurse should
report which of the following food allergies to the provider?
Answer: eggs - lipid emulsions are isotonic and are composed of soybean or safflower plus
soybean oil, with egg phospholipid used as an emulsifier
83. A nurse is caring for a client who develops diarrhea while receiving a continuous eternal tube
feeding who of the following actions should the nurse take?
Answer: warm the formula to room temperature-they have the shits because formula is too cold.
84. A nurse in a clinic is reviewing the lab findings of a client who began a DASH diet following
a recent diagnosis of hypertension. Which lab dissing indicates the client has reached one of the
goals of the DASH diet?
Answer: total cholesterol 190:
facts: reduction in sodium intake
85. A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney disease about limiting her calcium intake.
Which of the following food choices should the nurse inform the client contains the highest
amount of calcium and should be limited in her diet?
Answer: cup of low fat yogurt
86. A nurse is teaching a client about maximizing absorption when taking calcium supplements.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Answer: take vitamin D
87. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is at 24 weeks of gestation and reports
constipation . Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Select all that apply
Answer: drink 8 240 ml of water daily
increase daily fiber intake
preform exercises regularly using large muscle groups
88. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has diabetes mellitus and an HbA1c of 8.7%
Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of this laboratory
value?
Answer: I have not been following my diet - for someone who has diabetes normal is between
6.5-7%
89. A nurse is providing information to a client who has a new prescription for atorvastin. Which
of the following beverages should the nurse include in the information as a contraindication for
taking this medication?
Answer: it can increase serum levels of the med
90. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving continuous external tube feedings. which of the
following actions should the nurse take to prevent aspiration?
Answer: monitor gastric residuals every 4 hours : delayed gastric emptying places the client at
risk for aspiration and can necessitate a decrease in the feeding rate Only $1/month
91. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is a vegetarian and requires an increase in zinc
intake. Which of the following foods is the best source of zinc?
Answer: Pinto beans;
92. A nurse is assessing the meal pattern of a client who has diverticular disease and a
prescriptions for a high fiber diet. which of the following food choices by the client contains the
most fiber?
Answer: 1/2 cup bran cereal
93. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is lactating about increasing her protein intake.
which of the following foods should the nurse recommend as the best source of protein?
Answer: cottage cheese :complete protein
94. A nurse is teaching an older adult client about nutritional recommendations. Which of the
following statements should the nurse make?
Answer: you should increase your daily protein intake
95. A nurse is evaluating a client who is receiving a continuous external feeding and has diarrhea.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take to reduce the client's diarrhea?
Answer: decrease the rate of the feeding-allows for better absorption of the enteral formula
96. A nurse is providing dietary teaching for a client who post op following gastric bypass.
Which instruction should the nurse include?
Answer: start each meal with protein : should consume 60-120 g each day
97. A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes mellitus and reports feeling dizzy weak and
shaky. Which of the following is the priority action by the nurse?
Answer: check the clients blood glucose level
98. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving radiation therapy the client reports a metallic
taste in his mouth while eating. What actions should nurse take.
Answer: offer citrus fruits - stimulates production of more saliva
suggest pickles as a snack - stimulate saliva
gargle with mouth wash - stimulates saliva
99. A nurse is reviewing the lab results of a client who is receiving continuous tpn which result
should she tell the doc?
Answer: glucose 238 its high
100. A nurse is conducting dietary teaching for a group for women who are of childbearing age.
Which food items should the nurse include as containing the highest amount of folate?
Answer: 3.5 oz of chicken liver
101. A nurse is caring for a client who has anemia and a new prescription for an iron supplement.
The nurse should recommend the client consume the supplement with which of the following
beverages to increase absorption?
Answer: tomato juice - high in vitamin C and will help absorb the iron
102. A nurse is teaching a client who reports constipation about ways to increase dietary intake
of fiber. Which of the following info should the nurse include?
Answer: leave the skin on when eating fruit
Only $1/month
103. A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has a pressure ulcer. The client practices
Orthodox Judaism and strictly follows kosher dietary law. Which of the following foods should
the nurse provide for this client?
Answer: mac and cheese
104. A nurse is planning dietary interventions for a client who is prescribed external radiation for
laryngeal cancer. The client reports manifestations of stomatitis. Which of the following
interventions should the nurse include?
Answer: provide meals at room temperature - or colder because its less irritating to the mucosa
facts; avoid spices, avoid citrus b/c it can irritate it
105. A nurse is preforming a cultural nursing assessment for a client whose religious practices
include fasting 1 day each week . Which of the following questions should the nurse ask the
client? select all that apply.
Answer: are you exempt from fasting during illness, does fasting mean refraining from drinking
liquids, does fasting occur during certain hours of the day, does fasting mean eating only a
certain type of food?
106. A community health nurse is planning to teach a class about weight management for
cardiovascular health. Which of the following statements should the nurse plan to make to the
participants?
Answer: plan to lose weight gradually at 1/2 - 1 lbs per week.
107. A nurse is providing teaching about proper eating technique to a client who is experiencing
dysphagia following a stroke. which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the
teaching ? select all
Answer: tilt the head forward when swallowing, place food on the unaffected side of the mouth,
limit disruption during mealtimes
108. A nurse is reviewing the lab data of 4 clients. Which has fluid overload?
Answer: sodium level 130 - decreased sodium or hemodilution is rom fluid volume overload
109. A nurse is initiating an enteral feeding for a client who has chronic bronchitis. Which of the
following types of formula should the nurse anticipate administering to the client?
Answer: high calorie - pulmonary disease requires that and high protein to maintain energy
demands
110. A home health nurse is reviewing medical record of a client who had an open reduction
internal fixation of the tibia. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a risk
factor for imparted wound healing?
Answer: client consumes 1000 k/cal daily - if your require surgery you require 1500 k/cal daily
to meet energy needs and build protein for tissue healing.
111. A nurse is teaching a client who is preparing for bowel surgery about a low residue diet.
which of the following food choices by the client indicates and understanding of the teaching?
Answer: 2 poached eggs and a banana; avoid high fiber
112. A nurse is caring for a client who is dehydrated and is receiving intermittent eternal feeding.
which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
Answer: provide as continuous infusion
113. Calculate the daily allowance of a client who weighs 176 lb. The clients daily protein
allowance is 0.8 g/kg how many grams of protein should the client consume per day? round to
nearest whole number.
Answer: 176/2.2= 80 80 x 0.8 = 64
114. A nurse is assessing a client who experienced a 5% weight loss in the past 30 days. Which
of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse identify as an indication of
malnutrition?
Answer: ankle edema - malnutrition and is indicative of a protein deficiency in the client
115. A nurse is caring for an infant who has a cleft lip and palate. In which of the following
positions should the nurse place the infant for bottle feeding?
Answer: upright
116. A nurse is caring for a client who has acute inflammatory bowel disease. Which of the
following nutritional supplements should the nurse anticipate providing to this client?
Answer: hydrolyzed formula - provides protein and other nutrients in their simplest form
requiring little or no digestion and decreasing stimulation of the bowel
facts: polymeric formula contains complex nutrient molecules and is not indicated for clients
who have impaired digestion
milk based supplement contain lactose and are poorly tolerated by clients who have
inflammatory bowel disease
modular product supplement formula - increase the intake of a specific nutrient without
increasing volume they are not intended for client who have impaired digestion
117. A nurse is caring for a client who has age related macular degeneration (AMD) and asks the
nurse if there are any nutritional changes to consider. Which of the following responses should
the nurse make?
Answer: increase dietary intake of lutein - a carotenoid found in Vitamin A slows the
progression of AMD and is found in kale spinach collards and mustard greens
facts; Niacin rich foods aid in lowering LDL and triglycerides
foods with high glycemic index can aid with diabetes mellitus in managing postprandial
hyperglycemia,
118. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving continuous enteral feedings via an NG tube.
The nurse notices that the tube feeding has stopped infusing. Which of the following actions is
the nurses priority?
Answer: flush with warm water
119. A nurse is providing discharge teaching about breast milk use and storage to a client who is
postpartum. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
Answer: you cannot place thawed breast milk back in the freezer
120. A nurse is assessing a client who has end stage kidney disease. Which of the following
dietary habit increase the clients risk for dysrhythmias?
Answer: eating a diet rich in potassium - kidney issues can't eliminate potassium
