Review Test Submission: Exam - Week 11 Final
Course: NURS-6501N-34,Advanced Pathophysiology.2020 Spring Qtr 02/2405/17-PT27
Test: Exam - Week 11 Final
Question 1
Which cells function to maintain bone matrix?
Answer: Osteocytes
Question 2
Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) can result in which type of cancer?
Answer: Vaginal cancer
Question 3
Which statement by the professor best describes acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS)?
Answer: A pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased
pulmonary compliance, and the presence of bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray
imaging
Question 4
In infectious mononucleosis (IM), what does the Monospot test detect?
Answer: Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
Question 5
A patient has been hospitalized for a large deep vein thrombosis and states he is
the third person in his family to have this condition in the last 2 years. What
response by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?
Answer: We can test your blood for factor V Leiden.
Question 6
The healthcare professor states that a patient has reached pain tolerance. What
further information from the professor is most accurate?
Answer: The patient cannot endure a higher level of pain intensity at this point.
Question 7
A healthcare professional is teaching a community group about inherited
disorders. What pattern of inheritance does the professional describe for sickle cell
disease?
Answer: Inherited autosomal recessive disorder
Question 8
What is the link between major depression and cortisol secretion?
Answer: Individuals with depression show that persistently elevated plasma
cortisol levels er: can result in inflammation that is believed to trigger depression.
Question 9
A healthcare professional is planning a community event to reduce risk of
cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in high risk groups. Which group would the
professional target as the priority?
Answer: Hypertension
Question 10
A woman has been diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome but is confused
because her pelvic ultrasound (US) was read as normal and did not show cysts.
What response by the health care professional is most appropriate?
Answer: You do not need to have cysts on your ovaries to have this condition.
Question 11
A child has iron deficiency anemia. In addition to iron supplements, what else
does the healthcare professional educate the parents on giving the child?
Answer: Vitamin C
Question 12
A person has been diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) that is
positive for the Philadelphia chromosome. What statement by the healthcare
professional is most appropriate?
Answer: We are planning to get your disease in remission, but it will be hard.
Question 13
Cystic fibrosis is characterized by which symptom?
Answer: Excessive mucus production
Question 14
A patient has primary immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and is
hospitalized after a bleeding episode. What treatment does the healthcare provider
anticipate being ordered for this patient?
Answer: Infusion of IVIG
Question 15
A hospitalized patient's lab work is as follows: WBC 2000, bands 14.8%, and
segmented neutrophils 5. The healthcare professional calculates the patient's
absolute neutrophil count (ANC). What action does the professional take next?
Answer: Implements protocols to prevent life- threatening infections
Question 16
A patient has been diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and asks
the healthcare professional to describe it. What description by the professional is
most accurate?
Answer: ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of greater than
30% er: lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood.
Question 17
A healthcare professional is discussing breast feeding with a pregnant woman.
Which beneficial substance does the professional tell the mother is found in breast
milk?
Answer: IgA
Question 18
Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the passage of
large clots, and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis?
Answer: Abnormal uterine bleeding
Question 19
What is the consequence of a splenectomy?
Answer: The number of defective cells in circulation increases.
Question 20
What congenital malformation is commonly linked to acute leukemia in children?
Answer: Down syndrome
Question 21
The student wants to know how the clinical manifestations and onset of juvenile
idiopathic arthritis (JIA) differ from those of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults.
What answer by the healthcare professional is best?
Answer: JIA predominantly affects large joints.
Question 22
A student is learning about pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). What information
does the student clarify with a study partner as being correct?
Answer: Such an inflammation may result in permanent changes to the ciliated
epithelium of the fallopian tubes.
Question 23
A newborn baby displays jaundice 20 hours after birth. What action by the
healthcare professional is most appropriate?
Answer: Draw blood to measure total bilirubin.
Question 24
A patient reports joint stiffness with movement and joint pain in weightbearing
joints that is usually relieved by rest. What treatment option does the health care
professional discuss with the patient?
Answer: Exercise and weight reduction
Question 25
How does the epididymis become infected?
Answer: The pathogenic microorganisms ascend the vasa deferentia from an
already infected urethra or bladder.
Question 26
An infant has a continuous machine-type murmur best heard at the left upper
sternal border throughout systole and diastole. The healthcare professional
suspects a congenital heart disorder. What other assessment finding is inconsistent
with the professional's knowledge about this disorder?
Answer: Thrill on palpation
Question 27
A patient has damage to the lower pons and medulla. What finding does the
healthcare professional associate with this injury?
Answer: Flaccid response in the upper and lower extremities
Question 28
A baby is born with a myelomeningocele and needs urgent surgery to repair the
defect. The parents want to take the baby home instead. What does the healthcare
professional tell the parents about the purpose of this surgery?
Answer: Additional nervous system damage will occur the longer we wait.
Question 29
A healthcare professional is caring for a patient diagnosed with aphasia. What
action by the professional would be best in working with this patient?
Answer: Provide speech therapy.
Question 30
In which stage of syphilis would the following clinical manifestations be found:
destructive skin, bone and soft tissue lesions, aneurysms, heart failure, and
neurosyphilis?
Answer: Tertiary
Question 31
A patient is 8 hours postoperative after a long orthopedic procedure. The student
asks why this patient is at particular risk of developing a thromboembolism. What
response by the healthcare professional is best?
Answer: Patients tend to have venous stasis from orthopedic operations.
Question 32
The disruption in cellular adhesion observed in bullous impetigo is caused by an
exfoliative toxin related to which organism?
Answer: Staphylococcus aureus
Question 33
A healthcare professional is reviewing a patient's laboratory results and sees that
the patient has a low reticulocyte count and a high iron level. Which type of
anemia does the professional associate these findings with?
Answer: Folate deficiency anemia
Question 34
A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who was rewarmed after suffering
from hypothermia. What possible long-term complication will the professional
continue to assess the patient for?
Answer: Renal failure
Question 35
A professor explains to a class that the reason lymph nodes enlarge and become
tender during infection is because of what reason?
Answer: B lymphocytes proliferate.
Question 36
Local signs and symptoms of Hodgkin disease-related lymphadenopathy are a
result of what?
Answer: Pressure and obstruction
Question 37
In immunoglobulin G (IgG) nephropathies such as glomerulonephritis, IgG is
deposited in which location?
Answer: Glomerulus basement membranes
Question 38
A man has balanitis. What action by the healthcare professional is most
appropriate?
Answer: Perform a finger stick for a blood glucose reading.
Question 39
A person has a vascular anomaly associated with a congenital malformation of
dermal capillaries and has been told this lesion does not fade with age. What
treatment options can the healthcare professional discuss with this person?
Answer: Pulsed dye laser
Question 40
A person comes to the healthcare clinic and reports night sweats and fever. The
healthcare professional obtains a chest x-ray which shows a mediastinal mass.
What other assessment or diagnostic test does the professional provide as a
priority?
Answer: Listen to heart sounds.
Question 41
A patient had a seizure that consisted of impaired consciousness and the
appearance of a dreamlike state. How does the healthcare professional chart this
episode?
Answer: Complex focal seizure
Question 42
A healthcare professional had taught a pregnant woman about the risk of
transmitting herpes simplex virus (HSV) from her to her fetus. What statement by
the woman indicates the professional needs to provide more information?
Answer: Neonatal infection with HSV rarely occurs in the intrapartum or
postpartum period.
Question 43
An adult patient has been hospitalized with thrombocytopenia with a platelet
count of 8000/mm3. What action by the healthcare professional is most
appropriate?
Answer: Tell the patient not to get out of bed without assistance.
Question 44
A healthcare professional works with recent refugees. A mother brings in her
children who have been diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. What action by
the professional is most appropriate?
Answer: Arrange to test for parasitic infections.
Question 45
A patient has been diagnosed with lithium toxicity. Which electrolyte imbalance
does the healthcare professional correlate with this condition?
Answer: Hyponatremia
Question 46
A man reports to the healthcare professional that he had a sudden onset of malaise,
low back pain, and perineal pain with high fever and chills, dysuria, nocturia, and
urinary retention. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?
Answer: Assist the man in obtaining a urine sample.
Question 47
A health care professional is caring for a patient admitted to the hospital with
severe anorexia. What action by the health care professional would be most
important?
Answer: Ensuring the patient is on a cardiac monitor
Question 48
A patient in the hospital has been receiving heparin injections. The platelet count
on admission was 222,000/mm3 and four days later is 113,000/mm3. What action
by the healthcare professional is best?
Answer: Switch the heparin to lepirudin
Question 49
A child has phenylketonuria (PKU). The healthcare professional educates the
parents on the special diet needed, telling them that children with PKU are unable
to synthesize what?
Answer: Essential amino acid, phenylalanine, to tyrosine
Question 50
Compared with an adult, an infant has a greater content of extracellular fluid, as
well as a greater rate of fluid exchange. What effect does this have on the fluid
balance of a child compared with that of an adult?
Answer: The control of dehydration is more difficult.
Question 51
A parent brings a 10-year-old child to the clinic and reports a mottled appearance
to the skin and legs cramps when the child is in physical education class. Physical
assessment positive for upper extremity hypertension. What diagnostic testing or
treatment does the healthcare professional prepare the family for?
Answer: An echocardiogram
Question 52
A student asks the professor to explain the jaundice that accompanies hemolytic
anemia. Which statement is by the professor is most accurate?
Answer: Heme destruction exceeds the liver's ability to conjugate and excrete
bilirubin.
Question 53
A patient in the healthcare clinic reports fatigue, weakness, and dyspnea, as well
as pale conjunctiva of the eyes and brittle, concave nails. What assessment by the
healthcare professional is most appropriate for the suspected anemia?
Answer: Oral mucus membranes and tongue
Question 54
Which condition is considered a clinical cause of amenorrhea?
Answer: Failure to ovulate
Question 55
A child with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is voiding smoky, browncolored urine and asks the healthcare professional to explain what causes it. What
explanation by the professional is best?
Answer: Presence of red blood cells
Question 56
A criterion for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a period of
excessive worrying that lasts for at least how many months?
Answer: 6
Question 57
Which pain theory proposes that a balance of impulses conducted from the spinal
cord to the higher centers in the central nervous system (CNS) modulates the
transmission of pain?
Answer: Gate control theory (GCT)
Question 58
A child has osteosarcoma and the healthcare team is assessing for metastases.
What diagnostic study would be the priority?
Answer: Chest x-ray or CT scan
Question 59
A patient has been exposed to prolonged high environmental temperatures and
now shows signs of dehydration, decreased plasma volumes, hypotension,
decreased cardiac output, and tachycardia. What treatment does the healthcare
professional prepare to administer to this patient?
Answer: Give the patient plenty of cool fluids to drink.
Question 60
A healthcare professional advises a pregnant woman to add supplements of which
nutrient to her diet to prevent birth defects?
Answer: Folate
Question 61
A parent asks the healthcare professional to explain why a child diagnosed with
Tetralogy of Fallot squats frequently. What explanation by the professional is
best?
Answer: Relieves hypoxia
Question 62
What are the clinical manifestations of testicular cancer?
Answer: Firm, nontender testicular mass
Question 63
A woman attempting to conceive tells the healthcare professional that she and her
partner have intercourse when her basal body temperature (BBT) is around 37˚C
(98˚F) without getting pregnant. What information does the professional give the
woman?
Answer: Temperature alone is not the most accurate way to predict ovulation.
Question 64
A healthcare professional is seeing a patient with suspected schizophrenia. For
which prenatal occurrence should the professional assess?
Answer: Viral infection
Question 65
What directly causes ovulation during the menstrual cycle?
Answer: Sudden increase of LH
Question 66
A healthcare professional is educating a community men's group on symptoms of
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The professional relates that most symptoms
are a result of which pathophysiologic condition?
Answer: Compression of the urethra
Question 67
A woman who is positive for hepatitis B is in labor. What action by the healthcare
professional is most appropriate?
Answer: Immunize the newborn within 12 hours.
Question 68
An infant has been diagnosed with intussusception and the student asks the
healthcare professional to explain the condition. What explanation by the
professional is most accurate?
Answer: One part of the intestine telescopes into another section of the intestine.
Question 69
A patient has been hospitalized with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The patient
asks how this could have occurred. What response by the healthcare professional
is best?
Answer: It is often preceded by a viral illness.
Question 70
A healthcare professional wants to volunteer for a community education project to
help prevent spinal cord injury. What activity would the professional most likely
volunteer for?
Answer: Teaching older adults how to prevent trip-and-fall events
Question 71
A child has Duchenne muscular dystrophy. What complication does the healthcare
professional teach the parents is most important to control?
Answer: Respiratory infection
Question 72
Which patient finding would lead the health care professional to assess the patient
for inflammatory joint disease?
Answer: Systemic symptoms of inflammation
Question 73
A student asks the health care professional why obese people are at higher risk for
hypertension than non-obese individuals. What response by the professional is
best?
Answer: They produce more angiotensinogen.
Question 74
A person has been diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea and wants to know why
ibuprofen is a good choice for pain control. What response by the health care
professional is best?
Answer: It reduces the production of prostaglandins in your body.
Question 75
A healthcare professional suspects a patient is brain dead. How would the
professional assess for brain death?
Answer: Remove the patient's ventilator to see if spontaneous breathing occurs.
Question 76
A patient is in status epilepticus. In addition to giving medication to stop the
seizures, what would the healthcare professional place highest priority on?
Answer: Providing oxygen
Question 77
A newborn has meconium ileus. What diagnostic test does the healthcare
professional advise the parents about?
Answer: A sweat test
Question 78
Which statement is likely true regarding children being treated for cancer with
radiation therapy?
Answer: They are at increased risk for developing childhood cancers.
Question 79
A student studying osteomyelitis and asks for an explanation of the term
sequestrum. What response by the professor is best?
Answer: An area of devascularized and devitalized bone
Question 80
To quickly assess a patient's nervous system for dysfunction, what assessment
should the healthcare professional perform as the priority?
Answer: Size and reactivity of pupils
Question 81
What is the most abundant class of plasma protein?
Answer: Albumin
Question 82
In acute hypothermia, what physiologic change shunts blood away from the colder
skin to the body core in an effort to decrease heat loss?
Answer: Peripheral vasoconstriction
Question 83
A health care professional is teaching a group of college women about increasing
calcium in the diet to prevent osteoporosis. A participant asks at what age is peak
bone mass is reached in women. What response is best?
Answer: 30 years
Question 84
Which statement by the healthcare professional accurately describes childhood
asthma?
Answer: An obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow
obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation
Question 85
A patient is in the intensive care unit and has intercranial pressure (ICP)
monitoring. The patient's ICP is 17 mmHg. The healthcare professional notes that
the chart indicates the patient is now in stage 1 intracranial hypertension. What
assessment finding does the professional associate with this condition?
Answer: No significant change in ICP readings
Question 86
A healthcare professional is trying to lower a patient's body temperature by
convection. What action by the professional will accomplish this?
Answer: Obtain a fan and set it to blow over the patient.
Question 87
How is gonorrhea transmitted from a pregnant woman to her fetus?
Answer: Predominately through infected cervical and secretions during the birth
process
Question 88
How should the healthcare professional reply when parents question why a
computed tomographic (CT) scan of the head was not ordered for their 5-year-old
child after a minor fall?
Answer: Research suggests that repeated CT scans can increase the risk of
developing brain cancer.
Question 89
A patient has ankylosing spondylitis. Which description of this condition by the
health care professional is most accurate?
Answer: Chronic inflammatory disease with stiffening and fusion of the spine and
sacroiliac joint
Question 90
A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has a spinal cord injury at T5.
The patient exhibits severe hypertension, a heart rate of 32 beats/min, and
sweating above the spinal cord lesion. How does the professional chart this event?
Answer: Autonomic hyperreflexia
Question 91
What is the effect of low plasma albumin?
Answer: Osmotic pressure decreases; thus water moves from the capillaries to the
interstitium.
Question 92
What initiates inflammation in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?
Answer: Immune complexes
Question 93
What diagnosis is given to parents when their infant's hip maintains contact with
the acetabulum but is not well seated within the hip joint?
Answer: Subluxated hip
Question 94
A person has abnormally severe tooth decay and erosion of the tooth enamel.
What problem should the health care professional assess the person for?
Answer: Bulimia
Question 95
A patient is admitted to the hospital with multiple myeloma (MM). Which
diagnostic test should the healthcare professional assess as the priority?
Answer: Serum calcium level
Question 96
In the majority of children experiencing delayed puberty, what is the problem
caused by?
Answer: Physiologic delays in maturation
Question 97
What does the student learn distinguishes kwashiorkor from marasmus?
Answer: Subcutaneous fat, hepatomegaly, and fatty liver are present in
kwashiorkor.
Question 98
Without prior exposure to an antigen, which cells are able to destroy some types
of tumor cells and some virus-infected cells?
Answer: Natural killer (NK) cells
Question 99
A patient has chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure. What
substance does the healthcare professional tell the patient is needed to treat this
anemia?
Answer: Erythropoietin
Question 100
A patient has pernicious anemia and asks the healthcare professional to explain
the disease. Which statement by the professional is most accurate?
Answer: Your body cannot absorb vitamin B12.
Question 101
When completing this exam, did you comply with Walden University's Code of
Conduct including the expectations for academic integrity?
Answer: Yes
