ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam Graded A Latest 2023/2024
1. A nurse is reinforcing diet teaching to a client who has type 2 DM. Which of the following
should the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.
A. Carbs should comprise 55% of daily caloric intake
B. Use hydrogenated oils for cooking
C. Table sugar may be added to cereals
D. Drink an alcoholic beverage w/meals
E. Protein foods can be substituted for carb foods
Answer: A, C, D
Not B-hydrogenated oils contain trans fatty acids & cause hyperlipidemia
Not E-carbs can be exchanged but not w/proteins
2. A nurse is reviewing dietary guidelines to include in the plan of care for a client who has type
2 DM. Which of the following guidelines should the nurse include? Select all that apply.
A. Weight management
B. Lipid profile
C. Cultural needs
D. Sleep patterns
E. Personal preferences
Answer: A, B, C, E
3. To avoid hypoglycemia, the client should consume alcohol...
Answer: with a meal or immediately after a meal
4. _____________ can be included in a diabetic diet as long as adequate insulin or other agents
are provided to cover the sugar intake.
Answer: Sucrose (table sugar)
5. The nurse should instruct the diabetic client that their intake of carbohydrates should be
_______to______% of total daily caloric intake.
Answer: 45-60%
6. A nurse is teaching a client measures for healthy bones. Which of the following statements by
the client requires additional teaching?
A. "I will eat foods high in calcium."
B. "I will increase my fluid intake."
C. "I should participate in weight bearing exercises."
D. "I should get my vitamin D from the sunlight."
Answer: B.
Increasing fluid does not promote healthy bones
7. A nurse is conducting a nutritional class to a group of newly licensed nurses. Which of the
following should be included in the teaching?
A. Limit saturated fat to 10% of total caloric intake.
B. Good bowel function requires 35 g/day of fiber for women.
C. Limit cholesterol consumption to 400 mg/day
D. Normal functioning cardiac systems depends on B-complex vitamins
Answer: A
8. A nurse is discussing essential nutrients for normal functioning of the nervous system. Which
of the following should be included in the teaching? Select all that apply.
A. Calcium
B. Thiamin
C. Vitamin B6
D. Sodium
E. Phosphorus
Answer: A, B, C, D
9. A school nurse is teaching a group of students how to read food labels. Which of the following
should be included in the teaching? Select all that apply.
A. Total carbohydrates
B. Total fat
C. Calories
D. Magnesium
E. Dietary fiber
Answer: A, B, C, E
10. Normal functioning of the nervous system depends on adequate levels of the B-complex
vitamins, especially:
and also adequate levels of ______ and _____ for regulators of nerve responses.
Answer: thiamin, niacin, vitamin B6 and B12
calcium and sodium
11. Normal BMI:
Answer: 18.5-24.9
12. Obesity BMI is classified as:
Answer: BMI greater than or equal to 30
13. Basic food choices for kosher, orthodox Judaism diets:
Answer: • meat
• no mixing meat and diary (cheeseburger)
• no pork or shellfish
• fish must have scales & fins to be kosher
14. A client who follows seventh-day Adventist dietary laws will eat a strict:
They also avoid:
Answer: vegetarian diet, some are lacto-ovo, some are vegan.
They avoid alcohol, coffee, tea and caffeinated beverages.
15. A nurse is teaching a client who has cancer about appropriate food choices. The nurse
determines that the client understands the information when she chooses which of the following
snacks? Select all that apply.
A. Peanut butter sandwich on whole wheat bread w/2% milk
B. Popcorn w/soda
C. Yogurt topped w/granola & a banana
D. Meat lasagna w/buttered garlic bread
E. Plain baked potato
Answer: A, C, D
16. Three complications of TPN:
Answer: Diarrhea
Polyuria
Hypocalciumia
17. What has more calcium yogurt or cheese?
Answer: yogurt
18. Niacin is found in sources such as:
Answer: • Beef liver
• Nuts
• Legumes
• Whole-grain enriched breads and cereals
18. Two medications may be added to PN solutions however administering any IV medication
through a PN IV line or port is contraindicated. What are the two medications?
Answer: Heparin and insulin
19. Expected reference range for pre-albumin:
Answer: 23-43
20. Which of the following food choices is appropriate for a pt. with GERD? Select all that
apply.
A. Baked salmon
B. Skim milk
C. Orange juice
D. Decaffeinated tea
E. Eggs and salsa
Answer: A, B, D
21. For which disease/condition would the nurse teach the client about a gluten-free diet?
A. A 54 year old man with pancreatitis.
B. A 32 year old woman with celiac disease.
C. A 22 year old man with diverticulitis.
D. A 76 year old woman with breast cancer.
Answer: B
Celiac disease is also known as gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE), celiac sprue, and gluten
intolerance. It is chronic & hereditary and the client should be instructed to avoid gluten.
22. Foods/beverages that are gluten-free include: (select all that apply)
A. Milk, cheese, dairy products
B. Beer
C. Fried Eggs
D. Baked potatoes
E. Fruits and vegetables
F. Whole wheat bread
Answer: A, C, D, E
23. A patient who has celiac disease should increase intake of what?
Answer: simple carbohydrates (fruits, veggies, milk, etc.)
24. A nurse is providing instructions to a client who has a new diagnosis of celiac disease. Which
of the following food choices by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
A. Potatoes
B. Graham crackers
C. Wild rice
D. Canned pears
Answer: B
• Graham crackers are made from wheat flour
• All others are gluten-free
25. A client with what disease will be instructed to avoid foods with seeds or husks (corn,
popcorn, berries, tomatoes)?
Answer: diverticular
26. A nurse is providing instructions to a client who reports constipation & has a prescription for
a high-fiber, low-fat diet. Which of the following food choices by the client indicates
understanding of the teaching?
A. Peanut butter
B. Peeled apples
C. Hardboiled egg
D. Brown rice
Answer: D
27. A nurse is caring for a client post apply. The nurse verifies the postop prescription, which
reads "discontinue NPO status; advance diet as tolerated." Which of the following are
appropriate for the nurse to offer the client? Select all that apply.
A. Applesauce
B. Chicken broth
C. Sherbet
D. Wheat toast
E. Cranberry juice
Answer: B, E
A client postop will be on a clear liquid diet following surgery to transition as tolerated back to
normal diet. Cranberry juice and chicken broth are clear liquid selections.
28. A nurse is caring for a client who is on a full liquid diet due to dysphagia. Which of the
following nursing actions is the highest priority?
A. Add thickener to liquids.
B. Educate the client about acceptable liquids.
C. Perform a calorie count of consumed liquids.
D. Offer high-protein liquid supplements.
Answer: A
This is highest priority to reduce the risk of aspiration
29. A nurse is performing dietary needs assessments for a group of clients. A blenderized liquid
diet is appropriate for which of the following clients? Select all that apply.
A. A client who has a wired jaw due to an MVA
B. A client who is 24 hr postop following temporomandibular joint repair
C. A client who has difficulty chewing due to a traumatic brain injury
D. A client who has hypercholesterolemia due to CAD
E. A client who is scheduled for a colonoscopy the next morning
Answer: A, B, C
30. A nurse is assessing a client who is postop following a colon resection. Which of the
following findings indicates that the client is ready to transition from NPO to oral intake?
A. Client report of hunger
B. Urinary output exceeding 30 mL/hr
C. Decrease in incisional pain
D. Passage of flatus
Answer: D
31. A nurse is assisting a client who has a prescription for a mechanical soft diet w/food
selections. Which of the following are appropriate selections by the client? Select all that apply.
A. Dried prunes
B. Ground turkey
C. Mashed carrots
D. Fresh strawberries
E. Cottage cheese
Answer: B, C, E
32. A nurse is teaching a client who is undergoing cancer treatment about interventions to
manage stomatitis. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of
the teaching?
A. "I will try chewing larger pieces of food."
B. "I will avoid toasting my bread."
C. "I will consume more food in the morning."
D. "I will add more citrus foods to my diet."
Answer: B
Dry, coarse foods can increase the incidence/risk of stomatitis
33. Which of the following food choices by a client undergoing chemotherapy with presence of
stomatitis indicates a need for further teaching?
A. Small pieces of bananas
B. Cut up fresh orange & pineapple slices
C. Yogurt with granola
D. Meat lasagna
Answer: B
34. A nurse is caring for a client who has hypoglycemia. Which of the following is an appropriate
action by the nurse?
A. Offer crackers & cheese
B. Encourage sucking on 8 hard candies
C. Provide 8 oz of regular soda
D. Give juice w/table sugar
Answer: B
35. Which of the following are appropriate dietary choices for a client with cholecystitis? Select
all that apply.
A. Baked lightly-seasoned tilapia
B. Buttered steamed broccoli
C. Skim or 1% low fat milk
D. Whole wheat toast
E. Pasta with cream sauce and onions
Answer: A, C
36. A nurse is planning for an older adult client who is receiving treatment for malnutrition. The
client is scheduled for discharge to his home where he lives alone. Which of the following
actions are appropriate to include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.)
A. Consult social services to arrange home meal delivery
B. Encourage the client to purchase nonperishable boxed meals
C. Advise the client to purchase frozen fruits/veggies
D. Recommend drinking a supplement between meals
E. Educate the client on how to read nutrition labels
Answer: A, C, D, E
37. A nurse is providing follow-up dietary teaching for a client who recently was prescribed
phenelzine (Nardil). When reviewing the client's dietary log, which of the following foods
requires a need for further teaching?
A. Cottage cheese
B. Banana bread
C. Apple pie
D. Grilled steak
Answer: B
38. A nurse is preparing to administer intermittent enteral feeding to a client who has
neuromuscular disorder. Which of the following are appropriate nursing interventions? Select all
that apply.
A. Fill the feeding bag w/24 hr worth of formula
B. Discard irrigation equipment after 24 hr
C. Leave unused portions of formula at the bedside
D. Label the unused portion of the formula
E. Replace administration tubing & feeding bag every 48 hr
Answer: B, D, E
39. A nurse is teaching a client who has pre-stage chronic kidney disease about dietary
management. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the instructions?
A. Restrict protein intake
B. Maintain a high-phosphorus diet
C. Increase intake of foods high in potassium
D. Limit dairy products to 1 cup per day
Answer: A
40. A nurse is assessing a client who has hypoglycemia. Which of the following findings should
the nurse expect?
A. Fruity breath odor
B. Diaphoresis
C. Vomiting
D. Polyuria
Answer: B
41. A nurse is teaching about nutritional requirements for a client who is starting a vegetarian
diet. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Consume high-fat cheese to replace meats when on a vegetarian diet
B. A vegetarian diet is high in vitamin B12
C. Fewer calories are required when on a vegetarian diet
D. Include 2 servings per day of nuts when on a vegetarian diet
Answer: D
To receive daily recommended intake of omega 3 fatty acids
42. A nurse is providing teaching about lowering solid fat intake to an adolescent who is
overweight. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A. "Limit egg yolks to a total of 5 per week."
B. "Restrict your daily meat intake to 5 oz."
C. "Select cheeses that contain no more than 6 g of fat per serving."
D. "Choose margarine that contains no more than 4 g of saturated fat per tablespoon."
Answer: B
A meat portion should be restricted to no more than the size of a deck of cards.
43. A nurse is assessing a client's risk for pressure ulcers using the Braden scale. The client eats
more than half of most meals but occasionally refuses a meal. Which of the following
information should the nurse document on the nutrition category of the Braden scale?
A. 1 (very poor)
B. 2 (Probably Inadequate)
C. 3 (Adequate)
D. 4 (Excellent)
Answer: C
44. A nurse is providing teaching about cancer prevention to a group of clients. Which of the
following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A. "I will eat 5 servings of fruits & veggies each day."
B. "I should limit my alcohol intake to a max of 3 drinks daily."
C. "I should eat more refined wheat & oat products."
D. "I will eat processed meats to achieve my required protein intake."
Answer: A
45. A nurse is caring for a client who has cirrhosis and ascites. Which of the following dietary
instructions should the nurse provide for this client?
A. "Decrease your sodium intake to 1-2 grams/day"
B. "Increase your daily fluid intake to 3 L/day"
C. "Consume 0.5 gram per kg of protein/day"
D. "Eliminate foods that contain vitamin K."
Answer: A
A client with cirrhosis should limit sodium intake to 2000 mg
46. A nurse is assessing a client who has type 2 DM. The nurse should recognize which of the
following as a manifestation of hypoglycemia?
A. Confusion
B. Polydipsia
C. Vomiting
D. Ketonuria
Answer: A
47. A nurse is an ED is reviewing the lab report for an older adult client who is confused &
reports nausea & abd. cramping. The nurse should suspect the client's lab results to indicate a
dietary deficiency of which of the following minerals?
A. Sodium
B. Phosphorus
C. Potassium
D. Chloride
Answer: A
Sodium deficit manifestations include: confusion, headache, adb cramping, and dizziness.
48. A nurse is teaching about dietary intake of micronutrients to a client who has difficulty seeing
at night. Which of the following micronutrients should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Vitamin A
B. Calcium
C. Vitamin B6
D. Phosphorus
Answer: A
Vitamin A enables the eyes to adapt to dim lighting more rapidly at night, which improves night
vision.
49. A nurse is teaching an adolescent who has a new diagnosis of celiac disease. Which of the
following statements by the client indicates understanding of the teaching?
A. "I need to decrease the amount of oil I use in cooking."
B. "I need to eat fewer acidic foods, such as tomatoes & oranges."
C. "I need to eliminate rye from my diet."
D. "I need to eliminate milk products from my diet."
Answer: C
Eating sources of gluten, such as rye or barley, increases manifestations of celiac disease
50. A nurse is providing dietary instructions for a client who has a prescription for warfarin.
Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend the client eat in moderation while
taking this med?
A. Green leafy vegetables
B. Whole grains
C. Fruits with skin
D. Nuts and seeds
Answer: A
These have high vitamin K which can deplete the effects of warfarin, an anticoagulant
51. A nurse is creating a plan of care for a client who has anorexia nervosa. Which of the
following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?
A. Weight the client once weekly at the same time of the day.
B. Stay with the client for 30 min after meals
C. Allow the client to schedule mealtimes
D. Assign privileges based on direct weight gain
Answer: D
52. A nurse is creating a plan of care for a client who has mucositis following head & neck
radiation therapy for cancer. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the
plan?
A. Encourage 3 servings of citrus foods daily
B. Provide lemon-glycerin swabs for oral hygiene after meals
C. Increase fluid intake to 2 L/day
D. Heat oral hygiene mouth rinses before use
Answer: C
53. A nurse is discussing dietary factors to assist in BP management for a client who has HTN.
Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A. "I can drink up to 3 glasses of wine/day."
B. "I should choose whole grain pastas when selecting my foods."
C. "I should decrease my consumption of foods high in potassium."
D. "I can eat dairy products because they do not have much sodium."
Answer: B
54. A nurse is teaching an older adult client about measures to reduce the risk of osteomalacia.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Consume 20 mcg of vitamin D daily.
B. Avoid foods rich in antioxidants.
C. Increase intake of foods high in purine.
D. Take 150 mg of vitamin E daily.
Answer: A
55. A nurse is caring for a client who as a new prescription for PN containing a mixture of
dextrose, amino acids, & lipids. Prior to administration of the PN, the nurse should report which
of the following food allergies to the provider?
A. Gelatin
B. Peanuts
C. Shellfish
D. Eggs
Answer: D
56. A nurse in a clinic is reviewing the lab findings of a client who began a DASH diet following
a recent dx of HTN. Which of the following lab findings indicates the client has reached 1 of the
goals of the DASH diet?
A. Sodium 150 mEq/L
B. Chloride 106 mEq/L
C. Fasting glucose 130 mg/dL
D. Total cholesterol 190 mg/dL
Answer: D
57. A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney disease about limiting her calcium intake.
Which of the following food choices should the nurse inform the client contains the highest
amount of Ca & should be limited in her diet?
A. 1 cup low-fat yogurt
B. 1 oz cheddar cheese
C. 1 egg
D. 1/2 cup spinach
Answer: A
This contains about 314 mg per cup, spinach contains about 122 mg per cup, egg contains 25 mg,
cheddar cheese contains 214 mg per oz
58. A nurse is teaching a client about maximizing absorption when taking calcium supplements.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. "Take a supplement that contains vitamin D."
B. "Take the supplement w/a full glass of water."
C. "Take a 1000 mg supplement in the morning w/food."
D. "Take the supplement w/a sublingual vitamin B12 tablet."
Answer: A
59. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is at 24 weeks of gestation & reports
constipation. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? Select
all that apply.
A. Drink eight 240 mL (8 oz) glasses of water daily
B. Eat small amounts of food frequently
C. Increase daily fiber intake
D. Use a glycerin suppository every other day
E. Perform exercises regularly using large muscle groups
Answer: A, C, E
60. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has DM & an HbA1c of 8.7%. Which of the
following statements by the client indicates understanding of this lab value?
A. "I should have gone to my exercise class yesterday."
B. "This shows that my result is finally within normal range."
C. "This shows that I have not been following my diet."
D. "I should have my blood work done 1st thing in the morning."
Answer: C
61. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving continuous enteral tube feedings. Which of the
following actions should the nurse take to prevent aspiration?
A. Monitor gastric residuals every 4 hr
B. Maintain elevation of the head of the bed at 15 deg.
C. Confirm proper tube placement by radiograph every 24 hr
D. Flush tubing w/30 mL water before and after meds
Answer: A
62. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is a vegetarian & requires an increase in zinc
intake. Which of the following foods is the best source of zinc?
A. Pineapple
B. Green grapes
C. Cauliflower
D. Pinto beans
Answer: D
63. A nurse is evaluating a client who is receiving continuous enteral feeding & has diarrhea.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take to reduct the client's diarrhea?
A. Flush the client's feeding tube
B. Administer promethazine to the client
C. Decrease the rate of the feeding
D. Check the client's gastric residual
Answer: C
64. A nurse is providing dietary teaching for a client who is postop following gastric bypass.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A. Eat 6 small meals per day
B. Start each meal w/a protein
C. Complete each meal even if feeling full
D. Plan to eat each meal over 15 min
Answer: B
65. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving radiation therapy. The client reports a metallic
taste in his mouth while eating. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Select all
that apply.
A. Provide 3 large meals/day
B. Offer citrus fruits
C. Suggest pickles as a snack
D. Rinse silverware prior to eating
E. Gargle w/mouthwash
Answer: B, C, E
66. A nurse is teaching a client who reports constipation about ways to increase dietary intake of
fiber. Which of the following info should the nurse include?
A. Replace legumes w/broiled meats
B. Consume 1/2 cup bran/daily
C. Leave the skin on when eating fruit
D. Decrease fluid intake while increasing fiber
Answer: C
67. A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has a pressure ulcer. The client practices
Orthodox Judaism & strictly follows kosher dietary laws. Which of the following foods should
the nurse provide for this client?
A. Pork tenderloin
B. Cheeseburger
C. Clam chowder
D. Macaroni & cheese
Answer: D
68. A nurse is planning dietary interventions for a client who is prescribed external radiation for
laryngeal cancer. The client reports manifestations of stomatitis. Which of the following
interventions should the nurse include?
A. Provide meals at room temp
B. Offer the client additional seasonings for food
C. Instruct the client to eat citrus fruits at the beginning of the meal
D. Encourage the client to drink warm tomato juice in place of high-protein supplements
Answer: A
69. A nurse is performing a cultural assessment for a client whose religious practices include
fasting 1 day each week. Which of the following questions should the nurse ask the client? Select
all that apply.
A. "Are you exempt from fasting during illness?"
B. "Does fasting mean refraining from drinking liquids?"
C. "Does fasting occur during certain hours of the day?"
D. "Is vegetarianism a form of fasting?"
E. "Does fasting mean eating only a certain type of food?"
Answer: A, B, C, E
70. A community health nurse is planning to teach a class about weight management for
cardiovascular health. Which of the following statements should the nurse plan to make to the
participants?
A. "Limit your sodium intake to 1800 mg/day."
B. "Reduce your daily intake of foods that contain protein."
C. "Taking a daily multivitamin will prevent cardiovascular disease."
D. "Plan to lose weight gradually at 1/2 to 1 pound per week."
Answer: D
71. A nurse is providing teaching about proper eating techniques to a client who is experiencing
dysphagia following a stroke. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the
teaching? Select all that apply.
A. Tilt the head forward when swallowing.
B. Drink thin liquids through a straw.
C. Place food on the unaffected side of the mouth.
D. Take moderate bites when eating.
E. Limit disruptions during mealtime.
Answer: A, C, E
72. A home health nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who had an open reduction
internal fixation of the tibia. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a risk
factor for impaired wound healing?
A. The client's Hgb is 15 g/dL.
B. The client's peripheral pulses are +3 distal to the affected extremity.
C. The client consumes 1000 k/cal daily.
D. The client takes zinc supplements.
Answer: C
73. A nurse is caring for a client who is dehydrated & is receiving intermittent enteral feeding.
Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
A. Use a low-fat formula for admin
B. Chill the formula prior to admin
C. Provide the formula as a continuous infusion
D. Dilute the formula before admin
Answer: C
74. A nurse is caring for an infant who has a cleft lip & palate. In which of the following
positions should the nurse place the infant for bottle feeding?
A. Lateral
B. Football hold
C. Supine in the crib
D. Upright
Answer: D
75. A nurse is caring for a client who has acute IBD. Which of the following nutritional
supplements should the nurse anticipate providing to this client?
A. Hydrolyzed formula
B. Polymeric formula
C. Milk-based supplement formula
D. Modular product supplement formula
Answer: A
76. A nurse is assessing a client who has end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Which of the
following dietary habits increases the client's risk for dysrhythmias?
A. Consuming a low-fat diet
B. Eating a diet rich in potassium
C. Consuming a diet rich in protein
D. Eating a diet deficient in iron
Answer: B
