This Document Contains Chapters 3 to 4 Technology Now Chapter 3: System Software Chapter Review INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM SOFTWARE 1. What is system software and what types of programs does it include? Answer: System software is the software that makes it possible for you to use a computer. System software includes the operating system and utility software. 2. What is the difference between system software and application software? Answer: System software runs a computer and starts when you turn on the power to a computer, while application software lets you perform work or personal tasks, and starts at your request. OPERATING SYSTEMS 3. How does an operating system manage memory? Answer: An operating system manages access to RAM by programs and processes, allocates RAM to a program as needed, and then reclaims that memory when the program closes. An operating system also allows a computer to take advantage of virtual memory, effectively increasing available RAM by swapping data from RAM to the virtual memory area of the hard drive. 4. What are the three main categories of operating systems? Answer: The three main categories of operating system are personal computer (PC) OS, server or network OS, and mobile OS. COMMON OPERATING SYSTEM TASKS 5. What are the four resources that an operating system manages? Answer: The OS manages the processor, RAM, storage space, and connected devices. 6. What types of computer tasks does an operating system typically handle? Answer: An OS typically manages computer startup, managing system resources, managing input and output, start programs, manage files, provide help, customize the user interface, and work with hardware. MANAGING YOUR COMPUTER’S WINDOWS 7. Name three Window elements that all operating systems have in common. Answer: The center part of a window displaying the contents, a title bar containing buttons for manipulating the window, scroll bars, and usually a Ribbon, toolbar, or menu bar. 8. Explain how to switch windows in various operating systems. Answer: In Windows, you can press and hold the ALT key while you press TAB to cycle through thumbnails of the open windows, then release the ALT key to make the selected window active. In Mac OS X, you select an icon on the Dock to make a window active. COMMON OPERATING SYSTEM FEATURES 9. Name five features that operating systems with graphical user interfaces share. Answer: Desktop, menus, icons, dialog boxes, buttons 10. What is the purpose of a disk utility? What is the purpose of a file utility? Answer: Disk utilities diagnose and repair problems on a hard disk. COMPARING PC OPERATING SYSTEMS 11. What are four popular PC operating systems in use today? Answer: Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, Chrome OS 12. Compare the strengths and weaknesses of Windows with those of Mac OS X. Answer: Windows works with a wide range of hardware and software. Its flexibility means you can customize it easily and use software developed for earlier versions. It comes preinstalled on most personal computers and is available for purchase and upgrade on Microsoft Web sites. It is, however, the target of most malware. Using Windows 8.x also requires you to master two interfaces. Mac OS X offers a straightforward, consistent user interface with few security problems. It is provided only on Apple computers and works best with Apple hardware and software. While you can customize the interface easily, it is difficult to upgrade a Mac computer to run a new version of the OS. COMPARING MOBILE OPERATING SYSTEMS 13. What is a mobile operating system? What are the four popular mobile operating systems in use today? Answer: A mobile operating system is developed to run on a tablet, smartphone, or other mobile device. Four popular mobile operating systems are Android, iOS, Windows Phone, and Blackberry. FILE BASICS 14. What is a file? What are the two main categories of files you use on a computer? Answer: A file is a named collection of data on a storage medium such as a hard disk or USB flash drive. The two main categories of files are executable files and data files. 15. What is significant about file formats? Answer: File format refers to the organization and layout of data in the file. The data elements in a file are arranged in a way unique to the file format, for example text vs. graphic files. WORKING WITH FOLDERS AND LIBRARIES 16. Describe two ways to open a folder in the Windows operating system. Answer: You can double-click a folder to open it. You can click a folder name in the path shown in the Address bar to open the folder. Clicking a list arrow to the right of a folder name in the path displays a list of subfolders. You can click a subfolder name to open it. You can select a folder name and click the Open button. You can type the path to the folder in the Address bar. FILE MANAGEMENT 17. What is the main difference between the Save command and the Save As command? Answer: Save command: Use the Save command to save a document with the same name and in the same location. Save As command: Use the Save As dialog box to save the document using the Save As dialog box to specify a different name, file type, or storage location. 18. Describe one way to open a file using an Office application. Answer: Make sure your computer can access the saved file. Click the FILE tab, and then click Open to display the Open screen. Click the Browse button to display the Open dialog box. Open the folder containing the saved file. Open the file. CUSTOMIZING MICROSOFT WINDOWS 19. What tool do you use to customize the Windows desktop? Answer: Use the Appearance and Personalization category of the Control Panel to customize the Windows desktop. 20. What is a desktop theme? Answer: A desktop theme is a predefined set of elements such as background images and colors. Test Your Knowledge Now 1. ___________ software is the software that runs a computer. a. Application b. File management c. System d. GUI 2. ___________ software performs a specific, limited task, usually related to managing or maintaining a computer system. a. Utility b. Management c. Background d. Backup 3. The ________________ is the set of programs that manages and coordinates all the activities on your computer. a. file manager b. operating system c. disk cleanup software d. boot process 4. Most operating systems use ______________ to perform many tasks simultaneously, such as running two or more programs. a. multiprocessing b. multitasking c. multithreading d. parallel processing 5. During startup, the computer performs the _____________ to check crucial system components. a. power-on self-test (POST) b. read-only memory (ROM) test c. spooling check d. buffer verification 6. To control a hardware resource, the OS communicates with a(n) __________, a small program that tells the OS how to interact with that device. a. application b. hardware utility c. control program d. device driver 7. A _______________ is a rectangular area on the screen that displays the contents of a program, file, or folder. a. button b. user interface c. menu d. window 8. ___________ contain controls that you use to select options and enter information to indicate exactly how you want the program to perform the command. a. Dialog boxes b. Menus c. Option buttons d. Icons 9. A ___________ utility reduces the size of a file so it takes up less storage space on a disk. a. disk cleanup b. file compression c. file management d. search 10. Four popular PC operating systems are Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, and __________. a. Chrome b. iOS c. Blackberry OS d. Android 11. Developed by Google, _________ is a mobile OS based on Linux and is designed to run on many types of smartphones and tablets. a. Android b. Windows Phone c. IOS d. Linux Mobile 12. The BlackBerry interface uses ___________, which reflect the most recent changes to an app. a. updating tiles b. active frames c. live icons d. static symbols 13. When you save a file, you must give it a name that follows rules called _____________. a. file protocols b. filenaming conventions c. file drivers d. naming syntax 14. __________ refers to the organization and layout of data in the file. a. File layout b. File sector c. Fragmentation d. File format 15. By default, Windows includes __________ for Documents, Music, Pictures, and Videos. a. libraries b. drives c. utilities d. bookshelves 16. In the Navigation pane of a folder window, a folder name with a(n) _______ to its left has subfolders. a. triangle b. square c. circle d. arrow 17. Use the _________ command to save the document with the same name and in the same location a. Save b. Save As c. Back up d. Rename 18. Microsoft Office applications can use __________ as a location for saving files, which is a storage location on a Microsoft server. a. OneDrive b. Windows Phone c. Windows Drive d. StorageDrive 19. A desktop __________ is a predefined set of elements for the desktop such as background images and colors. a. Control Panel b. window c. theme d. picture 20. The first account you set up on a new Windows computer is a(n) _________ account, which you use to add other user accounts. a. guest b. standard c. system d. administrator 21. In the space next to each term below, write the letter of the phrase that defines it: a. path b. compress c. executable file d. boot process e. virtual memory Try This Now 1: Windows Help and Support Note: This assignment requires the use of Windows 7 or a later version of Windows. Technology continues to change, but knowing how to get answers to your questions using Help is important in any system software. Using the Search tool in Windows, type Help and Support to find help on using Windows. Answer the following questions using Help and Support and identify your version of Windows. What does the F1 keyboard shortcut do? Answer: The F1 keyboard shortcut opens Help in the Windows operating system itself, and in most utility and application programs. Exact answers for the remaining questions may vary. Answers that follow are specific to Windows 8.1, but will be similar in earlier versions of Windows. What are the steps to create a user account? Answer: To create a local account 1. Swipe in from the right edge of the screen, tap Settings, and then tap Change PC settings. (If you're using a mouse, point to the lower-right corner of the screen, move the mouse pointer up, click Settings, and then click Change PC settings.) 2.Tap or click Accounts, and then tap or click Other accounts. 3.Tap or click Add an account, and then tap or click Sign in without a Microsoft account (not recommended). 4.Tap or click Local account. 5.Enter a user name for the new account. 6.If you want this person to sign in with a password, enter and verify the password, add a password hint, and then tap or click Next. You can skip this step and tap or click Next, if you prefer. 7. Tap or click Finish. What are the steps to create a new folder? Answer: In the File Explorer window, Tap or click the Home tab, and then tap or click New folder. What settings can you control in Family Safety? Answer: Family Safety helps you set limits on your child's PC time, as well as the websites, apps, and games they can use (and when). After you've turned on Family Safety for a child's account, you can adjust the individual settings that you want to control: • Web filtering. You can make sure your children only visit age-appropriate websites, and block or allow specific websites. • Time limits. You can choose hours when your children are allowed to sign in to the PC, and even set different time limits for each day. If a child is signed in when their allotted time ends, they'll be signed out automatically. • Game and Windows Store app restrictions. You can control what games and Windows Store apps your children can use, set an age-rating level, and block or allow specific titles. • Desktop app restrictions. You can prevent children from running apps that you don't want them to use. How do you open Windows Updates? Answer: Open the Control Panel, click System Security, then click Windows Update. 2: Mac OS X Support Being versatile and switching from a Windows PC to a Mac is helpful in the business world. Using a Mac computer or the site apple.com, search for the OS X support Web pages, and then answer the following questions by searching the help topics. Also, if you are using a Mac, be sure to identify your version of Mac OS X. a. What does the F11 keyboard shortcut do? Answer: The F11 keyboard shortcut will hide all open windows and show the desktop. b. What are the steps to create a folder? Answer: Create a new folder: 1) Click the desktop (the background area of your screen) if you want to keep the new folder on the desktop; otherwise, open the window where you want to keep the folder. 2) Choose File > New Folder or press Command (⌘)–Shift–N. If the New Folder command is dimmed, you do not have permission to create a folder in the current location. 3) To give the folder a new name, click to select it and press Return. Then type a name for the folder and press Return again. c. Mac OS X includes VoiceOver, a built-in screen reader that describes aloud what appears on your screen and speaks the text in documents, Web pages, and windows. How do you turn on VoiceOver? Answer: Use the VoiceOver pane of Accessibility preferences to turn on VoiceOver, open VoiceOver Utility, or start the VoiceOver tutorial. 3: Mobile Operating Systems The latest versions of Android, Apple, and Microsoft phones offer exciting new features in their latest mobile operating systems. a. Select one of the three major mobile smartphone platforms. If money were no object, which new phone model would you select today? What is the price of this phone? Answer: Answers will vary widely based on personal priorities and opinions, but each answer should choose just one phone model and mobile operating system and provide the price of the phone. If money were no object, I would select the Apple iPhone 15 Pro Max. This model represents the pinnacle of Apple’s smartphone technology with its advanced features, including a powerful A17 Pro chip, ProMotion display, and an enhanced camera system with improved low-light performance and 5x optical zoom. As of the latest information available, the price for the iPhone 15 Pro Max starts at approximately $1,199 for the base model with 128GB of storage. Prices can increase based on additional storage options or other configurations. b. List eight new features of your select mobile OS. Answer: Answers will vary based on OS selected and changes over time. An answer is provided here for the Android OS at the time this document was created. (Source URL: http://www.android.com/versions/kit-kat-4-4/) In Android 4.4 Kitkat, new features include a more polished design, improved performance, and new features: -You don’t need to touch the screen to get things done. When on your home screen* or in Google Now, just say “Ok Google” to launch voice search, send a text, get directions or even play a song. -While listening to music on your device, or while projecting movies to Chromecast, you’ll see beautiful full-screen album and movie art when your device is locked. You can play, pause, or seek to a specific moment. -The book you're reading, the game you're playing, or the movie you're watching — now all of these take center stage with the new immersive mode, which automatically hides everything except what you really want to see. Just swipe the edge of the screen to bring back your status bar and navigation buttons. -Android 4.4 takes system performance to an all-time high by optimizing memory and improving your touchscreen so that it responds faster and more accurately than ever before. -The new phone app automatically prioritizes your contacts based on the people you talk to the most. You can also search for nearby places and businesses, your contacts, or people in your Google Apps domain. -Whenever you get a call from a phone number not in your contacts, your phone will look for matches from businesses with a local listing on Google Maps. -With the new Hangouts app, all of your SMS and MMS messages are together in the same app, alongside your other conversations and video calls. -Sometimes words can’t express how you feel. For that, there’s Emoji, the colorful Japanese characters, now available on Google Keyboard. -Now you can print photos, documents, and web pages from your phone or tablet. You can print to any printer connected to Google Cloud Print, to HP ePrint printers, and to other printers that have apps in the Google Play Store. For the Apple iPhone 15 Pro Max, which runs on the latest version of iOS (iOS 17), here are eight new features: 1. Dynamic Island: This interactive area at the top of the screen provides real-time notifications and alerts, making multitasking more intuitive. 2. Improved Camera System: Enhanced low-light performance, advanced computational photography, and a new 5x optical zoom for superior photo and video quality. 3. A17 Pro Chip: The latest chip offering significant improvements in performance and efficiency, enhancing overall speed and graphics capabilities. 4. USB-C Port: Replacing the Lightning connector with a USB-C port for faster data transfer and charging. 5. Action Button: A customizable button that can be used for various functions such as launching apps, taking photos, or activating the flashlight. 6. Enhanced Face ID: Improved facial recognition technology for faster and more secure unlocking, even in various lighting conditions. 7. iOS 17 Features: New features include interactive widgets, a redesigned Lock Screen with more customization options, and improvements to Messages and FaceTime. 8. Titanium Frame: A durable and lightweight titanium frame for enhanced sturdiness and a premium feel. These features highlight the advancements in technology and user experience that Apple has integrated into the iPhone 15 Pro Max. c. Write a paragraph on your favorite new feature. Answer: Answers will vary based on the OS and specific feature selected, but should consist of a full paragraph identifying and describing the selected feature. My favorite new feature in the latest iOS is the Dynamic Island. This innovative addition transforms the traditional notch area into an interactive and versatile space that enhances user experience. The Dynamic Island not only displays real-time notifications and alerts but also provides quick access to ongoing activities, such as music playback and timer settings. Its ability to adapt and expand based on context allows for smoother multitasking and more intuitive interactions with apps. This feature combines functionality with a visually appealing design, making it a standout element in the iPhone 15 Pro Max and setting a new standard for how information is presented and interacted with on mobile devices. Critical Thinking Now 1: What’s New in Windows? A new generation of updated features is available in the latest operating system produced by Microsoft. Research the latest version of Windows and create a table with five of the latest features in the first column and an explanation of each feature in the second column. Answer: Answer will vary depending on the most current Windows OS update over time. A sample answer is provided below based on information at the time this document was created. Windows 8.1 Here's a table outlining five of the latest features in the most recent version of Windows, Windows 11: These features are designed to enhance productivity, streamline user interaction, and improve overall system performance in Windows 11. 2: What’s New in Mac? Cutting-edge technology is showcased within the newest Mac OS X. Research the latest version of the Mac OS X and create a table with five of the latest features in the first column and an explanation of each feature in the second column. Answer: Answer will vary depending on the most current Mac OS update over time. A sample answer is provided below based on information at the time this document was created. Mac OS X 10.9 Mavericks Here's a table highlighting five of the latest features in the newest version of macOS, macOS Sonoma: These features in macOS Sonoma aim to improve user experience, productivity, and overall system performance. 3: Mac and Microsoft Accessibility Features Both Mac and Microsoft operating systems come standard with assistive technologies that help people with disabilities enjoy the power and simplicity of their computers. Mac OS X includes features such as VoiceOver, Zoom, and Dictation, while Microsoft includes the Ease of Access Center. These features are centerpieces for assistive OS technologies. Research these accessibility features and write a paper of 200 words or more about how these features are designed with a range of abilities in mind. Answer: Answers will vary as features change over time and based on individual focus. Each answer should consist of at least 200 words providing an overview of current accessibility feature highlights in each operating system, with an emphasis on how the features are designed to accommodate individuals with a range of abilities. Key URLs summarizing current Accessibility features for both Windows and Mac operating systems are provided here. Windows: http://www.microsoft.com/enable/products/windows8/ Mac OS X: https://www.apple.com/osx/whats-new/features.html Accessibility Features in Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows both offer a range of accessibility features designed to support users with various disabilities, ensuring they can interact with their computers effectively and inclusively. Mac OS X includes several robust accessibility tools: • VoiceOver is a screen reader that provides auditory feedback for visually impaired users, allowing them to navigate and interact with their Macs through spoken descriptions of on-screen elements. • Zoom is a screen magnification tool that enables users with low vision to enlarge and enhance portions of their screen, making text and images easier to see. • Dictation allows users to control their Mac and input text using their voice, which is particularly useful for those with mobility impairments or difficulties with typing. On the other hand, Microsoft Windows incorporates the Ease of Access Center, which centralizes accessibility tools: • Narrator is a screen reader similar to VoiceOver, designed to read aloud text on the screen and provide auditory descriptions of interface elements. • Magnifier is a screen magnification tool akin to Zoom, helping users with visual impairments by enlarging parts of the screen. • Speech Recognition allows users to control their PC and dictate text via voice commands, assisting those with mobility issues or difficulty using a keyboard. Both operating systems also include customizable settings for color contrast, keyboard and mouse adjustments, and closed captioning, all aimed at accommodating a broad spectrum of needs. These features collectively enhance the usability of computers, enabling individuals with disabilities to engage with technology more effectively and independently. Ethical Issues Now When smartphones first emerged in the workplace, businesses often provided the same smartphone model for every employee to use for work purposes. The Information Technology (IT) department could control these similar phones, but in recent years, bring-your-own-device (BYOD) adoption rates at companies are being driven upward by employees who want to cut the corporate desk phone cord and prefer using their favorite mobile operating system. Mobile devices are turning into true business tools, but IT departments are very concerned with the increased risk the BYOD trend introduces. They don‘t want sensitive business information supporting critical functions being vulnerable to attacks on employees’ smartphones and tablets. a. Research the BYOD trend and write 150 words or more describing examples and issues of mobile security. Answer: Answers will vary, but some sample examples and issues of mobile security include device theft, use of unsecured public wireless networks, industrial espionage, inadvertent dissemination of private company information to non-employees, and decentralized control of multiple types of mobile devices leading to security vulnerabilities. The Bring-Your-Own-Device (BYOD) trend, where employees use their personal smartphones and tablets for work, has become increasingly popular as it allows for greater flexibility and comfort. However, it introduces significant mobile security challenges. Examples of Mobile Security Issues: 1. Data Breaches: Personal devices may not have the same level of security as corporate-issued ones. If an employee’s device is compromised, sensitive business information, such as emails and documents, can be exposed. 2. Malware and Phishing: Personal devices might not be equipped with enterprise-level antivirus software, making them more susceptible to malware and phishing attacks. Employees might inadvertently download malicious apps or fall victim to phishing schemes. 3. Lost or Stolen Devices: If a personal device is lost or stolen, the risk of unauthorized access to corporate data increases. Without proper remote wipe capabilities, sensitive information could be at risk. 4. Uncontrolled Updates: Employees may delay or ignore critical security updates on their personal devices, which can leave vulnerabilities unpatched and increase the risk of exploitation. To mitigate these issues, companies can implement mobile device management (MDM) solutions that allow IT departments to enforce security policies, such as encryption, remote wipe, and regular updates, even on personal devices. Additionally, establishing clear BYOD policies and training employees on best practices for mobile security can help protect sensitive business information. b. Research the advantages and disadvantages of having your smartphone or tablet with you anywhere, making any coffee shop into your office. Answer: Answers will vary, but examples of advantages include increased flexibility, increased productivity, ability to carry out and evaluate work in the field, and ability to complete work and respond to messages even when the physical office is closed. Disadvantages include security risk of small devices in public places, security risk of open public wireless networks, potential for lost productivity, and security risk of private corporate information displayed on a screen in a public place. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Smartphones and Tablets Anywhere: Advantages: 1. Flexibility and Convenience: Having a smartphone or tablet with you allows for flexible working conditions. You can work from virtually anywhere, such as a coffee shop, during travel, or from home, making it easier to balance work and personal life. 2. Increased Productivity: Mobile devices enable access to emails, documents, and work applications on the go. This constant connectivity can lead to higher productivity, as you can handle tasks and respond to communications promptly, even when you're away from the office. 3. Enhanced Communication: Mobile devices facilitate various forms of communication, including email, instant messaging, and video calls, ensuring you stay connected with colleagues and clients regardless of location. 4. Remote Collaboration: With the ability to use collaboration tools and cloud-based applications from anywhere, team members can work together on projects in real time, regardless of their physical location. Disadvantages: 1. Security Risks: Using mobile devices in public places increases the risk of security breaches. Public Wi-Fi networks can be less secure, making it easier for cybercriminals to intercept data or gain unauthorized access to your device and corporate information. 2. Distractions and Productivity Issues: Working in public spaces like coffee shops can introduce distractions, such as noise and people, which might affect your concentration and productivity. Additionally, the informal setting might blur the line between work and personal time. 3. Privacy Concerns: Carrying a smartphone or tablet with you everywhere can lead to privacy issues. In public spaces, there’s a risk of sensitive information being inadvertently visible to others or overheard during phone conversations. 4. Device Security: The risk of losing your device or having it stolen is higher when you take it out of the office environment. Without proper security measures, such as encryption and remote wipe capabilities, sensitive business data on a lost or stolen device could be compromised. To mitigate these disadvantages, it is essential to use secure connections (such as VPNs), implement strong device security measures, and be mindful of privacy and data protection practices while working from various locations. c. Write at least 150 words on these advantages and disadvantages. Answer: Answers will vary, but should elaborate on the advantages and disadvantages presented in the answer to the previous question. The Bring-Your-Own-Device (BYOD) trend in the workplace offers notable advantages and disadvantages that impact both employees and IT departments. Advantages of BYOD include increased flexibility and productivity. Employees can use their preferred devices, leading to enhanced comfort and efficiency as they work from various locations, such as coffee shops or during travel. This flexibility can significantly boost productivity, as employees are able to access work applications, emails, and documents from virtually anywhere, facilitating continuous workflow and real-time collaboration with colleagues. The convenience of using personal devices also allows for a more seamless integration of work and personal life. Disadvantages involve significant security and privacy concerns. Personal devices may lack the robust security measures of corporate-issued devices, making them more vulnerable to cyber threats such as malware and data breaches. The use of public Wi-Fi networks further exacerbates these risks, potentially exposing sensitive business information to unauthorized access. Additionally, the risk of losing or having a device stolen increases when employees use their devices outside the controlled office environment, heightening the chance of sensitive data being compromised. This trend also blurs the boundary between work and personal life, potentially leading to distractions and reduced productivity in informal settings. To manage these challenges, businesses must implement comprehensive mobile security policies and provide training on safe device usage to protect sensitive information while leveraging the benefits of BYOD. Team Up Now – Wolfram Alpha Data Analysis Wolfram Alpha is a data knowledge engine developed by Wolfram ResearchShare. Wolfram Alpha connects to online databases worldwide to answer your questions. Each team member should perform the following searches at the Wolfram Alpha Web site (wolframalpha.com). a) What is the population of your birth city? b) How common is your first name? c) What is the median salary of a career field of interest? d) Where was the strongest earthquake in the world in the last 24 hours? What was its magnitude? e) Determine the number of calories in your most recent meal. f) What was the weather in your birth city on the day you were born? g) Locate the price of gas from a neighboring state or province and compare it to that from your state or province. As a team, compare your responses. For each of the questions, locate the sources at the bottom of each of the results pages. List one of the sources for each of the responses. Submit the responses and sources of each of the team members to your instructor. Answer: Answers will vary significantly over time and by individual. However, the answer to each question should be provided, along with a source for each answer. Here’s a step-by-step approach for using Wolfram Alpha to gather and compare the requested data: a) What is the population of your birth city? • Search Query: “Population of [Your Birth City]” • Source Example: Wolfram Alpha might cite sources such as city population data from the United Nations or local government databases. b) How common is your first name? • Search Query: “[Your First Name] popularity” • Source Example: Sources might include name popularity statistics from national census databases or online name databases. c) What is the median salary of a career field of interest? • Search Query: “Median salary [Career Field]” • Source Example: Sources might include salary surveys or reports from labor and employment statistics websites. d) Where was the strongest earthquake in the world in the last 24 hours? What was its magnitude? • Search Query: “Strongest earthquake in the last 24 hours” • Source Example: Sources might include earthquake monitoring organizations like the US Geological Survey (USGS) or other seismic activity databases. e) Determine the number of calories in your most recent meal. • Search Query: “Calories in [Your Most Recent Meal]” • Source Example: Sources might include nutrition databases or food nutrition labels. f) What was the weather in your birth city on the day you were born? • Search Query: “Weather in [Your Birth City] on [Date of Birth]” • Source Example: Sources might include historical weather data archives from meteorological agencies. g) Locate the price of gas from a neighboring state or province and compare it to that from your state or province. • Search Query: “Current gas price in [Neighboring State/Province]” • Source Example: Sources might include gas price tracking websites or state/provincial government energy departments. After performing these searches, gather the responses and their sources. Ensure that each source is properly cited according to the information provided on the Wolfram Alpha result pages. Submit these details to your instructor as instructed. Technology Now Chapter 4: Application Software Chapter Review INTRODUCTION TO APPLICATION SOFTWARE 1. Define convergence and give one specific example of a program that has this feature. Answer: Convergence means that the distinction between “categories” of application software is becoming more blurred. Software applications are becoming multidimensional: word processing programs can create charts; presentation software can edit graphics and include audio and video. 2. List three common features of application software programs. Answer: Application software programs have many common features; they • are usually represented on the desktop by an icon. • can be started by double-click or tapping the icon. • open in a window on your desktop. • are identified by a title bar at the top of the program. • have menu commands that you use to tell the computer what to do. • have buttons you click or tap to issue commands or perform other actions. 3. Explain the two ways in which you might obtain Web-based applications. Answer: Web-based applications are programs that you access over the Internet in a browser on your computer or as an app on your mobile device. WORD PROCESSING 4. List and describe three common key features of word processing programs. Answer: The files you create are called documents, which are organized into pages. When you start a word processing program, a blank document opens on the screen. The screen displays an insertion point to mark your place and a scrolling mechanism to navigate the screen. You have access to variety of commands and options you can use to create the document. 5. Explain how you might use three document formatting options, then list and explain how you might use three features of a word processor to improve the content in a document. Answer: Bullets can be used to format a list. Margins can be used to manage white space and line width in a document. Paragraph spacing can be used to adjust white space between paragraphs to make a document easy to read and attractive. Line spacing can be used to adjust white space between lines to make a document easy to read and attractive. Alignment can be used to set off special text and organize text in the document. Indents and tabs can be used to visually set off or organize information in a document. 6. List and describe five text formatting features and explain how you might use them in a document. Answer: Font type can be used to add visual impact to the type in a document. Font size can be used to distinguish different categories of type in a document and to create headers and titles. Font styles such as bold, italic, and shadow can be used to emphasize certain words in a document. Font color can be used to distinguish certain text and to add interest in a document. Font effects such as strikethrough, reflection, shadows, and glows can be used to add visual interest to certain text. SPREADSHEETS 7. Describe the basic structure of a workbook using the following terms: column, row, cell, cell range, worksheet, and tab. Answer: When you enter data, your workspace is called a worksheet or sheet. You navigate a worksheet using scroll bars and arrows, and move to other worksheets by clicking sheet tabs. A worksheet is made up of cells organized in a grid of rows and columns. You enter and store data in a worksheet cell. A cell range is a group of cells. Rows are represented by numbers and contain data for individual records—like a student’s grades for a term or quarterly sales for a product. Columns are represented by letters and can contain data categories like sales units, text grades, or expense type. 8. Define and give an example of each of the following spreadsheet terms: label, value, formula, function, and cell range. Answer: A value is a number, a label is descriptive text, and a formula performs a calculation that generates a value. A function is a predefined calculation such as SUM or AVERAGE. A cell range is a group of cells. 9. Give three examples of how you can analyze data using spreadsheet software. Answer: Once you enter data in a worksheet, you can manipulate it with a variety of tools to make the data more meaningful. • Rearrange your data by sorting it on one or more categories; you might sort clients by revenues to identify your most valuable customers. • Filter worksheet data to display only the values you want to see, such as filtering students who got a B or better on a test. • Search to locate specific data without having to scroll through an entire worksheet. • Use What-If analysis tools to test multiple scenarios by temporarily changing one or more variables to see the effect on related calculations. • Use pivot tables to create meaningful data summaries to analyze worksheets containing large volumes of data. • Automate your worksheets with macros, mini programs that perform a predefined action that you have to repeat frequently by just clicking a button. PRESENTATION SOFTWARE 10. List and then describe three different elements you can place on a slide. Answer: •Text in a paragraph or bulleted list provides content; most programs offer a variety of bullet styles, including number and picture bullets. •Graphics such as line art, photographs, clip art, drawn objects, diagrams, data tables, charts, and screenshots provide illustrations to convey meaning and information for the slide content. •Media clips, such as video and audio, including recorded narrations provide media content to enhance a slide show. •Links provide links to another slide, another document, or a Web page. •Embedded objects provide a way to include external files in a slide. 11. Explain how animations and transitions enhance a slide show. Answer: To liven up your presentation, you might try animation—adding movement to an object or text. Most programs offer a variety of animations, such as entrance, exit, and emphasis, each with a number of options. Transitions are actions that occur as you move from slide to slide in a presentation. For example, you can make your new slide appear to fade in with a “ripple” effect, or “push” the existing slide off the screen as it comes into view. 12. How does the slide master affect the appearance of a presentation? Answer: You can choose your own formatting options with slide masters. A slide master automatically applies any new formatting to all slides in your presentation that use that master. You can change slide orientation or modify slide dimensions. DATABASES 13. Briefly describe each of the following database objects: table, form, query, and report. Answer: Tables are organized in grids of rows and columns, much like worksheets. Tables store data for the database. A form is a database screen primarily used for data entry. A query extracts data from a database based on criteria that the query creator specifies. A report is a user-designed layout of database content. 14. Explain how basic data is stored in a database; use the terms field, data type, and record in your explanation. Answer: Each piece of data in a database is entered and stored in an area called a field, which is assigned a field name. Fields are defined by their data type, such as text, date, or number. A record is the set of field values for a single entity like a customer or an order. 15. Describe what type of information you might store in a database, give an example of one record that might be in that database. Answer: Databases are used by businesses for inventories, employers for employee data, governments for information, medical professionals for patient records, and so much more. Example records will vary widely, but one sample employee record might be: Employee Number: 38272 First Name: Tanya Last Name: Scott Job Title: Sales Associate Start Date: 2009-02-12 Supervisor: 2543 GRAPHICS SOFTWARE 16. List and explain three common key features often part graphics software programs. Answer: Freehand drawing allows you to use your mouse or a stylus to draw pictures on the screen; for example, choose a crayon, calligraphy pen, or airbrush style. Shape tools allow you to create straight lines and shapes. Color graphics allow you to use color palettes to fill shapes with color or create color brushstrokes, lines, and borders. Filters and effects allow you to add visual interest to graphics; add shadows, glowing edges, reflections, and textures. Text tools allow you to add explanatory or creative text to graphics; use interesting font types, colors, sizes, and styles. 17. Explain the difference between bitmap digital images and vector digital images. Answer: There are two kinds of digital images: bitmap and vector. Bitmap images are based on pixels—short for “picture elements.” A bitmap assigns a color value to each pixel in a graphic. Vector graphics tend to be simple images such as shapes, lines, and diagrams. Vector graphics use mathematical formulas instead of pixels to define their appearance. MOBILE APPLICATIONS 18. List and describe the uses of three common applications for mobile devices. Answer: Email lets you send and receive emails from your mobile device. Contact management apps let you organize your address book. Calendar or scheduling apps let you track daily appointments and set reminders; sync your mobile calendar with your desktop calendar or share your calendar with colleagues or family members. Web browsing apps let you find articles, research products or companies, or find any information on the Web apps. News apps let you stay up to date on current affairs. Video or media player apps let you watch the latest YouTube video or listen to songs. GPS and mapping apps let you find directions, locate the nearest coffee shop, or even avoid traffic jams. Location-sharing apps let you share your whereabouts with friends and family. 19. Explain two ways to enter text data in most mobile apps. Answer: Keyboard and touch screen space is another limiting factor; mobile apps can’t require heavy data or text input from users. When input is required, apps include on-screen keyboards, autocorrect features, handwriting recognition capabilities, and built-in word and phrase lists. 20. What are the common ways you get mobile applications on your digital device? Answer: While some apps come pre-installed on mobile devices, the majority are downloaded by users from manufacturer or third-party Web sites, sometimes called app stores. Some apps are free; those that are not free usually cost less than $5. Test Your Knowledge Now 1. Programs that you access over the Internet using your computer's browser, or as an app on your mobile device, are _____________ applications. a. Web-based b. portable c. local d. browser 2. The blending of distinctions between categories of software is known as ______________. a. mobile computing b. convergence c. applications d. transitions 3. Which of the following methods is not a feature of software application program? a. double-click or tapping the icon to start b. opens in a window c. adapts to any environment—mobile or web or local automatically d. has menu commands and buttons you click or tap to issue commands 4. Which of the following is a text formatting feature of word processing? a. spell check b. margins c. bold style d. tab 5. If you wanted the same text to appear at the top and bottom of every page of your document, you would use the word processor’s ______________ to complete the task. a. research tools b. language tools c. tables and columns d. headers and footers 6. _____________ determine where text begins on a line from the left margin. a. Indents and tabs b. Research tools c. Headers and footers d. Text formatting tools 7. A _____________ is a number, a _____________ is descriptive text, and a _____________ performs a calculation in a spreadsheet. a. label, value, formula b. value, label, formula c. formula, label, value d. value, formula, label 8. Formula arguments can be _____________ or cell references. a. labels b. cell ranges c. values d. absolute references 9. An absolute reference refers to _____________ . a. a fixed cell location that never changes even when a formula is moved or copied b. a cell identified by its location relative to other cells and changes when a formula is moved or copied c. a group of cells that are contiguous d. a group of cells that share common formulas 10. A slide _____________ automatically applies any new formatting to all slides that use it in your presentation. a. transition b. animation c. master d. layout 11. Actions that occur as you move from slide to slide in a presentation are called _____________ . a. animations b. video c. transitions d. masters 12. Actions that define the movement to an object or text are called _____________ . a. animations b. video c. transitions d. masters 13. You enter data in a database manually by entering one _____________ at a time. a. table b. form c. query d. record 14. Most database programs create _____________ databases, where two or more tables are linked tables with common fields so that data doesn’t have to be repeated, making it more prone to error. a. absolute b. relational c. integrated d. query 15. A _____________ is a database object primarily used for data entry. a. query b. table c. form d. record 16. A _____________ extracts data from a database based on criteria that the creator specifies. a. query b. table c. form d. record 17. Bitmap images are based on _____________ ; a color value is assigned to each one in a graphic. a. query b. pixels c. form d. record 18. There are two kinds of digital images: bitmap and _____________ . a. pixel b. graphic c. vector d. web 19. A _____________ application is a program that has been designed to run on a specific operating system, rather than residing on a server in the Internet. a. native b. web-based c. mobile d. local 20. If you are traveling in unfamiliar places and need directions and maps, your device should have _____________ apps to give directions, locate the nearest shops, or even help you avoid traffic jams. a. URL b. ISP c. GPS d. FTP 21. Identify each of the following terms by writing the matching letter on the line in the figure below with the word processing feature used: a. highlighting b. font color c. header d. font style e. spell checker Try This Now 1: Artistic Effects for Graphics in Microsoft Word Note: This assignment requires the use of Microsoft Word 2010 or 2013. Microsoft Word lets you apply artistic effects to a picture to make it look more like a sketch, drawing, or painting. a. Open Microsoft Word and select the Insert tab. In the Illustrations group, select Pictures. b. Insert a picture of yourself into the Word document. c. In the Word document, leave the inserted picture of yourself as the original picture. d. Copy and paste the original picture five times in the Word document. Under Picture Tools on the Format tab in the Adjust group, select Artistic Effects on each of the picture copies and select five different artistic effects. Label each picture with the name of the artistic effect. e. Save the document and submit it to your instructor. Answer: Solutions will vary based on the exact picture inserted, and the specific five artistic effects applied to the copied pictures. However, each solution should be comprised of a Word document containing six copies of the same picture of a person. The first should be the original photo, while the remaining five have an artistic effect available in Word applied to them. Here’s a step-by-step guide to complete the assignment on applying artistic effects to graphics in Microsoft Word: 1. Open Microsoft Word: Launch Microsoft Word 2010 or 2013 on your computer. 2. Insert Your Picture: • Click on the Insert tab in the Ribbon. • In the Illustrations group, click on Pictures. • Browse your files to select and insert a picture of yourself into the Word document. 3. Leave the Original Picture: • After inserting the picture, make sure it remains in its original form, without applying any effects. 4. Create Copies of the Picture: • Click on the picture to select it. • Press `Ctrl+C` to copy the picture, then press `Ctrl+V` five times to create five copies of the original picture. Arrange these copies in your document. 5. Apply Artistic Effects: • Select one of the copied pictures. • Under Picture Tools on the Format tab, find the Adjust group. • Click on Artistic Effects to open the menu. • Choose a different artistic effect for each of the five pictures. For example, you might choose effects like Sketch, Paint Brush, Watercolor, Pencil Grayscale, and Glow Edges. • Label each picture with the name of the artistic effect applied. You can do this by inserting a text box or directly typing below each picture. 6. Save Your Document: • Click on File and then Save As. • Choose a location on your computer and name your file. • Click Save. 7. Submit Your Document: • Follow your instructor’s submission guidelines to upload or submit the file. 2: PowerPoint Animation Note: This assignment requires the use of Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 or 2013. Using PowerPoint, you can animate an object on your PowerPoint slide to do something special such as move a logo from the bottom to the top of a slide for more visibility. a. Open Microsoft PowerPoint. Create a blank presentation. Select the Insert tab. In the Images group, select Clip Art on PowerPoint 2010 or Online Pictures on PowerPoint 2013. Insert a clip art image of a balloon on the first slide. If necessary, resize the balloon image to about one inch by one inch size. b. Select the balloon image. On the Animations tab, use the Add Animation button to apply an effect to the object that you clicked. Add any Entrance animation. Select Add Animation to add any two Emphasis animations. Lastly add any Exit animation. c. To view the animations, select the Preview button. d. Save and submit the PowerPoint file to your instructor. Answer: Solutions will vary, but each solution should be comprised of a PowerPoint file containing the following: -an image of a balloon inserted on the first slide -any Entrance animation applied to the balloon image -any two Emphasis animations applied to the balloon image -any Exit animation applied to the balloon image Here’s a step-by-step guide to complete the PowerPoint animation assignment: 1. Open Microsoft PowerPoint: • Launch PowerPoint 2010 or 2013 on your computer. • Create a new blank presentation by selecting File > New > Blank Presentation. 2. Insert a Balloon Image: • Go to the Insert tab. • In PowerPoint 2010, click Clip Art. In PowerPoint 2013, click Online Pictures. • Search for a balloon image and insert it into the first slide. • Resize the balloon image to approximately one inch by one inch if needed. You can do this by selecting the image and dragging the corners or using the size options in the Format tab. 3. Add Animations: • Click on the balloon image to select it. • Go to the Animations tab. • Click Add Animation to open the animation gallery. • Choose an Entrance animation (e.g., Fly In, Fade). • Click Add Animation again and choose two different Emphasis animations (e.g., Spin, Grow/Shrink). • Click Add Animation once more and choose an Exit animation (e.g., Fly Out, Fade Out). 4. Preview the Animations: • Click the Preview button in the Animations tab to see how the animations look. 5. Save Your Presentation: • Click File > Save As. • Choose a location on your computer, enter a name for your file, and click Save. 6. Submit Your Presentation: • Follow your instructor’s submission guidelines to upload or submit the PowerPoint file. 3: Creating Graphics with Sumo Paint Sumo Paint is a full-featured drawing and photo editing application that works in your favorite Web browser. a. Open the site Youtube.com and search Sumo Paint for tutorials on how to create a graphic using Sumo Paint. Watch at least a few minutes of the videos to get the basic idea of how to use Sumo Paint. b. Open the site sumopaint.com and select the use for free Web-browser version. Select New blank canvas. c. Draw a graphic using several tools of Sumo Paint based on the tutorials that you watched at YouTube. d. Select File and Save to My Computer and submit your graphic art to your instructor. Answer: Solutions will vary widely, but each solution should be comprised of an image file in the png, sumo, or jpg file type. Each image should demonstrate the use of several tools available in Sumo paint such as paint brush, brush shapes, colors, gradients, text, shapes, pencil, eraser, and ink tools. Here’s how to complete your assignment using Sumo Paint: 1. Watch Tutorials: • Go to YouTube.com and search for Sumo Paint tutorials. • Watch a few minutes of several videos to get a basic understanding of how to use Sumo Paint. Look for tutorials that cover various tools and techniques for creating graphics. 2. Open Sumo Paint: • Visit sumopaint.com. • Click on the Use for Free button to open the web-browser version. • Select New Blank Canvas to start a new project. 3. Create Your Graphic: • Use the tools and features available in Sumo Paint to draw your graphic. Experiment with different brushes, shapes, colors, and effects based on what you learned from the tutorials. • Explore features such as layers, blending modes, and text options to enhance your graphic. 4. Save Your Graphic: • When you’re finished with your graphic, click File > Save to My Computer. • Choose a format (e.g., PNG or JPEG) and save the file to your computer. 5. Submit Your Graphic: • Follow your instructor’s submission guidelines to upload or submit the graphic art file. Critical Thinking Now 1: Spreadsheet Usage In Your Career Spreadsheets such as Microsoft Excel are used in a variety of careers. Research detailed uses of spreadsheets used in business activities and varied industries. Create a list of ten specific job titles with how each position would use Excel. Answer: Answers will vary widely based on the job titles selected, but some examples are: Accountants use spreadsheets to keep track of important financial information. Professors use spreadsheets to keep track of student information and grades. Financial analysts use spreadsheets to track and analyze financial data and trends. Management consultants use spreadsheets to store and analyze business data. Marketing professionals use spreadsheets to keep track of data related to marketing plans and results of campaigns. Here’s a list of ten specific job titles and how each would use Microsoft Excel in their career: 1. Financial Analyst • Usage: Create financial models, analyze trends, forecast financial performance, and prepare detailed reports. Excel is used for budgeting, financial analysis, and scenario planning. 2. Data Analyst • Usage: Collect, clean, and analyze data sets to generate insights and visualizations. Excel helps in performing statistical analysis, creating pivot tables, and generating charts and graphs. 3. Marketing Analyst • Usage: Track and analyze marketing campaign performance, manage customer data, and generate reports. Excel is used for data segmentation, trend analysis, and ROI calculations. 4. Accountant • Usage: Manage financial records, prepare financial statements, and perform reconciliations. Excel is used for maintaining ledgers, calculating tax liabilities, and financial reporting. 5. Project Manager • Usage: Track project progress, manage budgets, and allocate resources. Excel is used for Gantt charts, project timelines, and budget tracking. 6. Sales Manager • Usage: Analyze sales data, track performance metrics, and forecast sales trends. Excel helps in creating sales reports, managing sales pipelines, and calculating commissions. 7. Operations Manager • Usage: Monitor and optimize operational processes, manage inventory, and track key performance indicators (KPIs). Excel is used for process tracking, inventory management, and efficiency analysis. 8. Human Resources Specialist • Usage: Track employee data, manage payroll, and analyze HR metrics. Excel is used for maintaining employee records, managing recruitment processes, and analyzing turnover rates. 9. Supply Chain Analyst • Usage: Analyze supply chain data, manage inventory levels, and optimize logistics. Excel helps in forecasting demand, tracking shipments, and calculating inventory turnover. 10. Business Intelligence (BI) Analyst • Usage: Develop and manage dashboards, analyze business data, and support decision-making processes. Excel is used for data modeling, creating interactive dashboards, and performing complex data analysis. Each of these roles leverages Excel’s powerful data manipulation, analysis, and visualization capabilities to perform specific tasks relevant to their job functions. 2: Office 365 Home Premium Your family is considering purchasing a subscription to Office 365, the Home Premium version. Research the Office 365 Home Premium subscription and write at least 150 words about this subscription. Answer: Answers will vary, but all should be comprised of a document of at least 150 words summarizing and discussing the Office 365 Home Premium plan. Details about this plan are available at the URL http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/office365home/ At the time this document was created, this plan cost $9.99 per month or $99.99 for one whole year. The basic information about the plan, from the URL above, is: "Office 365 Home enables you to install the latest full desktop version of Office applications, including Word, Excel, PowerPoint, OneNote and Outlook, on up to 5 PCs or Macs, in addition to 5 Windows tablets or iPads—so you can use all the features offline as well as online. You can also install Office on multiple smartphones for easy access. You can share your subscription benefits, such as installing the full Office applications and extra online storage, with 4 other family members, and sharing your subscription benefits across your household is simple, as well as a great value." Office 365 Home Premium is a subscription service from Microsoft designed for families and individuals who need access to a suite of productivity tools. This version of Office 365 provides users with access to the latest versions of Microsoft Office applications, including Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, OneNote, and more. Subscribers can install these applications on up to 5 PCs or Macs, and also on mobile devices such as tablets and smartphones, ensuring comprehensive coverage across different platforms. One of the key benefits of Office 365 Home Premium is its cloud integration. Subscribers receive 1 TB of OneDrive cloud storage per user, allowing them to store, share, and access their documents and files from anywhere. Additionally, the subscription includes 60 Skype minutes per month for international calls, which can be useful for staying connected with family and friends. The subscription is typically billed annually and ensures that users always have access to the latest updates and features, enhancing productivity and collaboration. 3: Comparing Google Drive to Office Web Apps Both Google and Microsoft offer free lightweight online versions that include word processing, spreadsheet, and presentation programs. Write at least 200 words comparing the features of Google Drive and Microsoft Office Web Apps. In your opinion, which one comes out on top for you? Answer: Solutions will vary based on student opinion and as application features change over time. However, each solution should be comprised of a document of at least 200 words summarizing the features of Google Drive and Microsoft Office Web Apps, and a substantiated opinion about which product the student prefers. Information about each product is available at the URLs: Google Drive: drive.google.com Microsoft Office Web Apps: office.com/webapps Google Drive and Microsoft Office Web Apps (now part of Microsoft 365) offer free, lightweight online versions of their office suites, including word processing, spreadsheet, and presentation programs. Here’s a comparison of their features: Google Drive: • Applications: Google Drive includes Google Docs (word processing), Google Sheets (spreadsheets), and Google Slides (presentations). • Collaboration: Google Drive excels in real-time collaboration. Multiple users can simultaneously edit documents, and changes are automatically saved and updated. It integrates well with other Google services, such as Gmail and Google Calendar. • Storage: Users receive 15 GB of free storage across Google Drive, Gmail, and Google Photos. • Offline Access: Google Drive offers offline access to documents via the Google Chrome browser or the Google Drive app. • Integration: It integrates smoothly with other Google services and apps, facilitating a seamless user experience. Microsoft Office Web Apps: • Applications: Microsoft Office Web Apps include Word Online, Excel Online, and PowerPoint Online. • Collaboration: Office Web Apps also support real-time collaboration, though some users find Google Drive’s collaborative features slightly more intuitive. Integration with Microsoft OneDrive allows for easy sharing and version control. • Storage: Users receive 5 GB of free storage on OneDrive, with additional storage available through paid plans. • Offline Access: Offline access is available through the OneDrive app, but it is less integrated compared to Google Drive’s offline capabilities. • Integration: It integrates well with Microsoft’s ecosystem, including Office 365 and other Microsoft services. Which One Comes Out on Top?: In my opinion, Google Drive often comes out on top for ease of use and superior collaboration features. The generous free storage and seamless integration with other Google services enhance its appeal. However, if you’re already invested in the Microsoft ecosystem or need advanced features available in the desktop versions of Office apps, Microsoft Office Web Apps might be more suitable. Both platforms are robust, but your choice may depend on your specific needs and existing software preferences. Ethical Issues Now Intellectual property is the protection of ideas which includes the name, designs, inventions, images and symbols that a company uses. The success of a business largely depends on its assets. Information technology has enabled other businesses or companies to imitate or copy ideas from others and use it as their own. a. Your boss has asked you to create a sales flyer using a word processor that will be emailed to customers. You need images for the sales flyer and your boss has told you to “just copy them off our competitor’s Web site.” Write a paragraph about the ethical situation that you are facing. Answer: Answers will vary depending on personal opinion and specific arguments presented, but should consist of a paragraph outlining the ethical implications of copying images from a company's Web site for use in a for-profit business sales flyer. Popular opinion may be that such copying is theft and that being coerced into such immoral behavior by an employer presents a very difficult ethical quandary. The ethical situation at hand involves the use of intellectual property without proper authorization. Your boss’s instruction to "just copy them off our competitor’s Web site" presents a significant ethical issue. By using images from a competitor’s site without permission, you would be infringing on their intellectual property rights. This act not only violates legal standards but also undermines professional integrity. Intellectual property laws are designed to protect the unique creative and intellectual efforts of businesses, ensuring fair competition and respecting the originality of ideas. Copying images without consent could lead to legal repercussions for your company and damage its reputation. It’s crucial to adhere to ethical practices by either creating original content, using licensed or royalty-free images, or obtaining proper permissions from the rightful owners. Maintaining ethical standards in handling intellectual property is essential for fostering a respectful and lawful business environment. b. Research the legal penalties you and your company may face for using another companies intellectual property without permission. Write a paragraph about these penalties. Answer: Answers will vary depending on personal opinion and specific arguments presented, but should consist of a paragraph outlining the potential legal penalties that could arise from copying images from a company's Web site for use in a for-profit business sales flyer. Important relevant information is available at the following URLs: Copyright infringement on Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_infringement U.S. Copyright Office Law page: http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap5.html Using another company's intellectual property without permission can lead to significant legal penalties for both individuals and organizations. Violations of intellectual property rights, such as copyright infringement, trademark infringement, or patent violations, can result in civil and criminal penalties. Civil penalties may include substantial financial damages, such as statutory damages or actual damages that compensate the intellectual property owner for losses incurred. In some cases, punitive damages may also be awarded if the infringement is found to be willful. Additionally, courts may issue injunctions to stop further use of the infringing material and order the destruction or return of infringing copies. Criminal penalties can include fines and imprisonment, especially in cases of deliberate or large-scale infringement. Beyond legal consequences, a company may face reputational damage, loss of business relationships, and decreased trust among customers and partners. Ensuring proper authorization and respecting intellectual property rights is crucial to avoiding these severe penalties and maintaining a company’s legal and ethical standing. Team Up Now – Wolfram Alpha Data Analysis Wolfram Alpha is a data knowledge engine developed by Wolfram ResearchShare. Wolfram Alpha connects to online databases worldwide to answer your questions. Each of the team members should perform each of these searches at Wolfram Alpha. a) What is the population of your birth city? b) How common is your first name? c) What is the median salary of a career field of interest? d) Where was the strongest earthquake in the world in the last 24 hours? What was its magnitude? e) Determine the number of calories in your most recent meal. f) What was the weather in your birth city on the day you were born? g) Locate the price of gas from a neighboring state or province and compare it to that from your state or province. As a team, compare your responses. For each of the questions, locate the sources at the bottom of each of the results pages. List one of the sources for each of the responses. Submit the responses and sources of each of the team members to your instructor. Answer: Answers will vary significantly over time and by individual. However, the answer to each question should be provided, along with a source for each answer. To complete the Wolfram Alpha data analysis tasks, follow these steps: 1. Perform Each Search: • Visit [Wolfram Alpha](https://www.wolframalpha.com). • Enter each query as specified and note the responses. 2. Record Your Findings: • For each search, document the result and identify a source provided at the bottom of the result page. Here’s a guide for each query: a) Population of Your Birth City: • Search for: "population of [Your Birth City]" • Example Result: "The population of [Your Birth City] is [X]." • Source Example: [Wolfram Alpha Population Data](https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=population+of+[Your+Birth+City]) b) How Common Is Your First Name: • Search for: "popularity of the name [Your First Name]" • Example Result: "[Your First Name] is ranked [X] in popularity." • Source Example: [Wolfram Alpha Name Popularity](https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=popularity+of+the+name+[Your+First+Name]) c) Median Salary of a Career Field of Interest: • Search for: "median salary of [Career Field]" • Example Result: "The median salary for a [Career Field] is [X]." • Source Example: [Wolfram Alpha Salary Data](https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=median+salary+of+[Career+Field]) d) Strongest Earthquake in the Last 24 Hours: • Search for: "strongest earthquake in the last 24 hours" • Example Result: "The strongest earthquake in the last 24 hours was of magnitude [X] and occurred at [Location]." • Source Example: [Wolfram Alpha Earthquake Data](https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=strongest+earthquake+in+the+last+24+hours) e) Calories in Your Most Recent Meal: • Search for: "calories in [Your Most Recent Meal]" • Example Result: "[Your Most Recent Meal] contains approximately [X] calories." • Source Example: [Wolfram Alpha Caloric Information](https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=calories+in+[Your+Most+Recent+Meal]) f) Weather in Your Birth City on the Day You Were Born: • Search for: "weather in [Your Birth City] on [Date]" • Example Result: "The weather in [Your Birth City] on [Date] was [Description]." • Source Example: [Wolfram Alpha Historical Weather Data](https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=weather+in+[Your+Birth+City]+on+[Date]) g) Gas Price Comparison: • Search for: "price of gas in [Neighboring State/Province]" • Example Result: "The price of gas in [Neighboring State/Province] is [X]." • Compare with your state/province. • Source Example: [Wolfram Alpha Gas Price Data](https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=price+of+gas+in+[Neighboring+State/Province]) 3. Compile Your Findings: • Create a document with each team member’s responses and the sources listed at the bottom of the results pages. 4. Submit Your Responses: • Follow your instructor’s guidelines for submitting the compiled document. Solution Manual for Technology Now: Your Companion to SAM Computer Concepts Corinne Hoisington 9781305110144
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